Chapter-4(BEE)

MCQ on Special Purpose Diodes & Applications

1. What is the primary function of a Zener diode?

 a) To rectify AC signals
 b) To amplify signals
 c) To regulate voltage
 d) To act as a switch
 Answer: c) To regulate voltage

2. In a Zener diode, breakdown occurs due to:

 a) Forward biasing
 b) Reverse biasing
 c) No biasing required
 d) Both forward and reverse biasing
 Answer: b) Reverse biasing

3. What is the approximate breakdown voltage of a Zener diode?

 a) Equal to the forward voltage
 b) Lower than the forward voltage
 c) Higher than the forward voltage
 d) Unpredictable
 Answer: c) Higher than the forward voltage

4. Which region of the Zener diode's characteristic curve represents the breakdown region?
 a) Forward bias region
 b) Reverse bias region
 c) Cut-off region
 d) Saturation region
 Answer: b) Reverse bias region

5. Zener diodes are commonly used in:

 a) Rectification circuits
 b) Amplifier circuits
 c) Voltage regulation circuits
 d) Logic gates
 Answer: c) Voltage regulation circuits

6. What happens to the current through a Zener diode when it reaches the breakdown voltage?
 a) It decreases abruptly
 b) It increases abruptly
 c) It remains constant
 d) It becomes zero
 Answer: c) It remains constant

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7. Which parameter specifies the voltage at which a Zener diode starts conducting in reverse bias?
 a) Zener voltage
 b) Threshold voltage
 c) Breakdown voltage
 d) Cut-in voltage
 Answer: a) Zener voltage

8. Zener diodes are commonly made from:

 a) Silicon
 b) Germanium
 c) Gallium arsenide
 d) Selenium
 Answer: a) Silicon

9. Which type of Zener diode has a sharp breakdown characteristic?

 a) Standard Zener diode
 b) Avalanche Zener diode
 c) Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)
 d) Light-emitting diode (LED)
 Answer: b) Avalanche Zener diode

10. What is the reverse current flowing through a Zener diode when it is conducting in breakdown?
 a) Zero
 b) Very small
 c) Large
 d) Undefined
 Answer: c) Large

11. Which of the following materials is not commonly used for manufacturing Zener diodes?
 a) Silicon
 b) Germanium
 c) Gallium arsenide
 d) Indium phosphide
 Answer: b) Germanium

12. Zener diodes are often used as:

 a) Voltage sources
 b) Current sources
 c) Voltage regulators
 d) Signal amplifiers
 Answer: c) Voltage regulators

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13. What is the typical range of Zener voltage for standard Zener diodes?
 a) Below 0.1 V
 b) 0.1 V to 1 V
 c) 1 V to 10 V
 d) Above 10 V
 Answer: c) 1 V to 10 V

14. Which of the following is not a common application of Zener diodes?

 a) Voltage stabilization
 b) Overvoltage protection
 c) Rectification
 d) Signal modulation
 Answer: c) Rectification

15. The breakdown voltage of a Zener diode:

 a) Decreases with increasing temperature
 b) Increases with increasing temperature
 c) Remains constant with temperature
 d) Becomes zero at high temperatures
 Answer: b) Increases with increasing temperature

16. Which type of Zener diode is more suitable for precision voltage regulation applications?
 a) Standard Zener diode
 b) Avalanche Zener diode
 c) Light-emitting diode (LED)
 d) Reverse-biased diode
 Answer: a) Standard Zener diode

17. What happens to the current through a Zener diode if the applied voltage exceeds the
breakdown voltage?
 a) It increases abruptly
 b) It decreases abruptly
 c) It remains constant
 d) It becomes zero
 Answer: c) It remains constant

18. Zener diodes can be operated in:

 a) Forward bias only
 b) Reverse bias only
 c) Both forward and reverse bias
 d) No bias required
 Answer: c) Both forward and reverse bias

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19. What does LED stand for?
 a) Light Emitting Device
 b) Low Energy Diode
 c) Light Emitting Diode
 d) Luminescent Emitting Diode
 Answer: c) Light Emitting Diode

20. In which year was the first practical LED invented?

 a) 1950
 b) 1962
 c) 1975
 d) 1980
 Answer: b) 1962

21. What semiconductor material is commonly used in LED fabrication?

 a) Silicon
 b) Germanium
 c) Gallium arsenide
 d) Copper
 Answer: c) Gallium arsenide

22. Which of the following colors of light can be emitted by LEDs?

 a) Red
 b) Blue
 c) Green
 d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

23. What is the typical operating voltage of a standard LED?

 a) 1.5 volts
 b) 3.3 volts
 c) 5 volts
 d) 12 volts
 Answer: b) 3.3 volts

24. Which of the following is a characteristic of LED lighting compared to traditional incandescent
bulbs?
 a) Higher energy consumption
 b) Longer lifespan
 c) Greater heat emission
 d) Dimmer illumination
 Answer: b) Longer lifespan

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25. LEDs are considered more environmentally friendly than traditional lighting sources because
they:
 a) Emit less heat
 b) Contain hazardous materials
 c) Use less energy
 d) Require frequent replacement
 Answer: c) Use less energy

26. What is the function of the phosphor layer in white LEDs?

 a) To emit white light directly
 b) To convert blue light into white light
 c) To increase the lifespan of the LED
 d) To reduce energy consumption
 Answer: b) To convert blue light into white light

27. Which of the following is a disadvantage of LED lighting?

 a) Limited color options
 b) High power consumption
 c) High initial cost
 d) Short lifespan
 Answer: c) High initial cost

28. Which of the following materials is commonly used as a substrate for LED fabrication?
 a) Aluminum
 b) Copper
 c) Silicon
 d) Glass
 Answer: a) Aluminum

29. What is the primary advantage of using high-power LEDs?

 a) Higher efficiency
 b) Longer lifespan
 c) Greater brightness
 d) Lower cost
 Answer: c) Greater brightness

30. Which of the following factors can affect the lifespan of an LED?
 a) Voltage fluctuations
 b) Operating temperature
 c) Humidity levels
 d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

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31. LEDs are commonly used in automotive lighting for:
 a) Headlights
 b) Brake lights
 c) Turn signals
 d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

32. What is the primary function of a C filter in a power supply?

 a) To reduce ripple voltage
 b) To amplify the input signal
 c) To regulate the output voltage
 d) To switch between AC and DC
 Answer: a) To reduce ripple voltage

33. Which component is predominantly used in a C filter?

 a) Capacitor
 b) Inductor
 c) Resistor
 d) Diode
 Answer: a) Capacitor

34. In a C filter, where is the capacitor connected with respect to the load?
 a) Before the load
 b) After the load
 c) In parallel with the load
 d) In series with the load
 Answer: c) In parallel with the load

35. Which of the following is a characteristic of a C filter?

 a) It offers high ripple rejection
 b) It requires a large-sized capacitor
 c) It is suitable for high-frequency applications
 d) It is less efficient compared to L filters
 Answer: c) It is suitable for high-frequency applications

36. Which component is predominantly used in an L filter?

 a) Capacitor
 b) Inductor
 c) Resistor
 d) Diode
 Answer: b) Inductor

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37. Which of the following is a characteristic of an L filter?
 a) It offers high ripple rejection
 b) It requires a large-sized inductor
 c) It is suitable for low-frequency applications
 d) It is less efficient compared to C filters
 Answer: c) It is suitable for low-frequency applications

38. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Pi filter?

 a) It offers high ripple rejection
 b) It requires a large-sized capacitor and inductor
 c) It is suitable for both high and low-frequency applications
 d) It is less efficient compared to C and L filters
 Answer: c) It is suitable for both high and low-frequency applications

39. Which filter configuration is most commonly used for power supply applications?
 a) C filter
 b) L filter
 c) Pi filter
 d) All are equally common
 Answer: c) Pi filter

40. In which filter configuration is the ripple voltage reduced by both capacitors and inductors?
 a) C filter
 b) L filter
 c) Pi filter
 d) None of the above
 Answer: c) Pi filter

41. What is the primary advantage of using a C filter over an L filter?

 a) Higher efficiency
 b) Lower cost
 c) Smaller size
 d) Better noise filtering
 Answer: c) Smaller size

42. Which filter configuration provides better noise filtering capabilities?

 a) C filter
 b) L filter
 c) Pi filter
 d) They all provide similar noise filtering
 Answer: c) Pi filter

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43. What is the main disadvantage of using a Pi filter compared to a C or L filter?
 a) Higher cost
 b) Larger size
 c) More complex design
 d) Lower efficiency
 Answer: c) More complex design

44. In which filter configuration is the ripple voltage reduced mainly by the charging and
discharging of capacitors?
 a) C filter
 b) L filter
 c) Pi filter
 d) All of the above
 Answer: a) C filter

45. What is the primary function of a regulated power supply?

 a) To convert AC to DC
 b) To provide a constant output voltage despite variations in input voltage or load
 c) To amplify signals
 d) To switch between different voltage levels
 Answer: b) To provide a constant output voltage despite variations in input voltage
or load

46. Which component is responsible for regulating the output voltage in a regulated power supply?
 a) Transformer
 b) Diode bridge rectifier
 c) Voltage regulator
 d) Capacitor
 Answer: c) Voltage regulator

47. What is the purpose of using a voltage regulator in a power supply circuit?
 a) To amplify voltage
 b) To stabilize the output voltage
 c) To convert AC to DC
 d) To reduce voltage fluctuations
 Answer: b) To stabilize the output voltage

48. Which of the following is a common type of voltage regulator used in regulated power supplies?
 a) Zener diode
 b) Light-emitting diode (LED)
 c) Photovoltaic cell
 d) Tunnel diode
 Answer: a) Zener diode

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49. Which parameter specifies the ability of a regulated power supply to maintain a constant output
voltage despite variations in input voltage or load?
 a) Voltage ripple
 b) Voltage regulation
 c) Output impedance
 d) Load regulation
 Answer: b) Voltage regulation

50. Which of the following factors affects the efficiency of a regulated power supply?
 a) Input voltage
 b) Load current
 c) Output voltage
 d) All of the above
 Answer: d) All of the above

51. What is the primary advantage of using a regulated power supply in electronic circuits?
 a) Higher efficiency
 b) Lower cost
 c) Reduced noise
 d) Greater flexibility
 Answer: c) Reduced noise

52. Which of the following is a disadvantage of linear voltage regulators compared to switching
regulators?
 a) Higher efficiency
 b) Smaller size
 c) Lower cost
 d) Greater heat dissipation
 Answer: d) Greater heat dissipation

53. Which of the following applications benefits the most from regulated power supplies?
 a) Lighting
 b) Heating
 c) Audio amplification
 d) Digital electronics
 Answer: d) Digital electronics

54. What does UPS stand for in the context of electrical systems?
 a) Universal Power System
 b) Unilateral Power Supply
 c) Uninterruptible Power Supply
 d) Unified Power Source
 Answer: c) Uninterruptible Power Supply

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55. Which of the following best describes the primary function of a UPS?
 a) To generate electricity from renewable sources
 b) To regulate voltage in electrical circuits
 c) To provide temporary power during outages or fluctuations in the main power supply
 d) To amplify electrical signals
 Answer: c) To provide temporary power during outages or fluctuations in the main
power supply

56. Which component of a UPS is responsible for storing electrical energy to be used during power
interruptions?
 a) Inverter
 b) Rectifier
 c) Battery
 d) Transformer
 Answer: c) Battery

57. Which type of UPS provides the highest level of power protection and backup?
 a) Standby UPS
 b) Line-interactive UPS
 c) Offline/Offline UPS
 d) Online/Double Conversion UPS
 Answer: d) Online/Double Conversion UPS

58. Which type of UPS is commonly used for protecting personal computers and other small
electronic devices?
 a) Line-interactive UPS
 b) Offline/Standby UPS
 c) Online/Double Conversion UPS
 d) Hybrid UPS
 Answer: b) Offline/Standby UPS

59. In a Line-interactive UPS, how is the battery typically connected to the output load?
 a) Directly connected
 b) Through an inverter
 c) Through a rectifier
 d) Through a transformer
 Answer: b) Through an inverter

60. Which type of UPS is considered the most energy-efficient?

 a) Standby/Offline UPS
 b) Line-interactive UPS
 c) Online/Double Conversion UPS
 d) Ferroresonant UPS
 Answer: a) Standby/Offline UPS

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61. What is the primary advantage of a Line-interactive UPS over a Standby/Offline UPS?
 a) Lower cost
 b) Faster switchover time
 c) Higher energy efficiency
 d) Improved voltage regulation
 Answer: d) Improved voltage regulation

62. Which factor is not typically considered when selecting a UPS for a specific application?
 a) Power capacity (VA/Watts)
 b) Battery backup runtime
 c) Efficiency
 d) Input/output voltage compatibility
 Answer: c) Efficiency

63. Which type of UPS provides the highest level of protection against power disturbances?
 a) Online UPS
 b) Offline UPS
 c) Line-interactive UPS
 d) Standby UPS
 Answer: a) Online UPS

64. In an offline UPS, when does the load get powered by the battery?
 a) Only during power outages
 b) Continuously
 c) When the battery is fully charged
 d) Never
 Answer: a) Only during power outages

65. What is the main advantage of an offline UPS?

 a) Higher efficiency
 b) Lower cost
 c) Better protection against power fluctuations
 d) Continuous power supply
 Answer: b) Lower cost

66. Which UPS type is also known as a standby UPS?

 a) Online UPS
 b) Offline UPS
 c) Line-interactive UPS
 d) Double conversion UPS
 Answer: b) Offline UPS

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67. In an online UPS, where does the load receive power from during normal operation?
 a) Utility grid
 b) Battery
 c) Inverter
 d) Both utility grid and battery
 Answer: a) Utility grid

68. Which UPS type provides immediate power during power interruptions without any switchover
time?
 a) Online UPS
 b) Offline UPS
 c) Line-interactive UPS
 d) Standby UPS
 Answer: a) Online UPS

69. What is the main disadvantage of an online UPS compared to an offline UPS?
 a) Higher cost
 b) Lower efficiency
 c) Longer switchover time
 d) Limited battery backup
 Answer: a) Higher cost

70. In an offline UPS, when does the load get switched to battery power during a power outage?
 a) Immediately
 b) After a short delay
 c) After a long delay
 d) Only when the battery is fully charged
 Answer: b) After a short delay

71. Which UPS type is commonly used for protecting personal computers and small electronic
devices?
 a) Online UPS
 b) Offline UPS
 c) Line-interactive UPS
 d) Double conversion UPS
 Answer: b) Offline UPS

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