23EC1202 DIGITAL DESIGN & COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE Session – 22
Introduction, Features of Micro Computer
AIM OF THE SESSION
To familiarize students with the basic concept of Microcomputer, Internal Architecture and organization of Micro Computer.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
This Session is designed to:
1. Demonstrate organization of Microcomputer 2. Describe the working of Microprocessor 3. List out the basic components in Microprocessor and Microcomputer 4. Describe the working of Microcomputer and Microprocessor
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
1. Define Microprocessor, Microcomputer, Memory architecture. 2. Summarize about the working of Microcomputer. Micro Computer
• It is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as CPU along with memory, I/O devices, etc. • Examples: Desktop, Laptop, etc. Features of Microcomputer
➢ Low cost ➢ High speed ➢ Portable (Small size) ➢ Versatile ➢ Reliable ➢ Energy Efficiency (Low power consumption) ➢ Low heat generation ➢ Expandability and Upgradeability ➢ Multimedia Features ➢ Security Features Organization of a Microcomputer
➢ The major parts are CPU, Memory and I/O.
➢ There are three types of buses, address bus, data bus and control bus. Microcomputer - Buses Microcomputer – I/O Devices
➢ The input/output or I/O Section
allows the computer to take in data from the outside world or send data to the outside world. ➢ Peripherals such as keyboards, video display terminals, printers are connected to I/O Port. Microcomputer - CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features: ➢ CPU, which is a microprocessor, is considered as the brain of the computer. ➢ CPU performs all types of data processing operations, controls the working of all parts of the computer. ➢ It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). ➢ It fetches binary coded instructions from memory, decodes the instructions into a series of simple actions and carries out these actions in a sequence of steps. Components of CPU Microprocessor
• Microprocessor is a device on a single
chip and having data processing capability (arithmetic & logic operations). • It is used in applications where the task is not predefined and is assigned by user. • Examples: Intel i3, i5, i7, core 2 duo, etc. • Applications: Computers, mobiles, video games, traffic light system, etc. Microcontroller How data is stored in memory?
➢ Memory is usually measured by the number of bytes it S.No Unit & Description
can hold. It is measured in Kilo, Mega ,Giga and Tera. Kilobyte (KB) 1 1 KB = 1024 Bytes ➢ A Kilo in computer language is 210 = 1024. Megabyte (MB) 2 1 MB = 1024 KB Gigabyte (GB) 3 1 GB = 1024 MB Terabyte (TB) 4 1 TB = 1024 GB Petabyte (PB) 5 1 PB = 1024 TB SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is the main component of the microcomputer ?
A. ROM B. Microprocessor C. Motherboard D. Bus system.
2. Which one among the following is the function of a microprocessor?
A. To control computer traffic
B. To store information C. To perform arithmetic operation D. None of these TERMINAL QUESTIONS
Short answer questions:
1. Describe the various input and output devices in a microcomputer. 2. Illustrate the difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller.
Long answer questions:
1. Analyze the function and significance of each component in a microcomputer block diagram. 2. Evaluate the evolution of processors and their impact on microcomputer performance. 3. Analyze the relationship between ALU, control unit, and buses in the execution of a program in CPU. REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION
Reference Books: 1. Computer Organization by Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic and Saftwat Zaky. 2. Computer System Architecture by M. Morris Mano 3. Computer Organization and Architecture by William Stallings
Sites and Web links:
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-organization-and-architecture-tutorials/ 2. https://www.javatpoint.com/microprocessor-introduction THANK YOU
