Guía de Inglés de 5 Semestre Contestada

Compilation by
L.I Dianne Vargas Carballo
L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 1

Expressing probability, concerns, obligations and prohibitions.
Watch these videos to understand the usage of Modal Verbs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk9nQwoCFig&t=160s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oumWdjA9hM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVLmpQBwM3c
Take some notes!

Activity 1. Reading Comprehension
The deadline
Maggie: Hi Tom, have you finished your homework?
Tom: Oh hi Maggie. No, I haven’t.
Maggie: The deadline is tomorrow you know so you have
to submit it tomorrow.
Tom: I can’t make it. I haven’t even started it yet. Can we
hand it in next week?
Maggie: I don’t know. You’ll have to ask Mrs. Robinson
about that. I think you must finish it by tomorrow. She
probably won’t accept projects after tomorrow.
Tom: I’ve had so many other things to do. I couldn’t even
start it. I don’t know what to do.
Maggie: Don’t worry. I’ll help you. It’s not very difficult. I
finished it in one day.
Tom: Really? Great!
Maggie: First, you should read the article that Mrs. Robinson gave us. It’s about the Mohican Civilization. Then,
you have to design a poster for a play about them – the Mohicans – for the theatre.
Tom: Yeah I know but it looks a bit difficult…
Maggie: Not at all. You don’t have to make the poster from scratch and it doesn’t have to be a work of art.
There are lots of templates on the internet. You can just use one of those designs to make your own poster.
Tom: Well, I think I can do it. What title shall I use? Can you help me?
Maggie: Yeah, I can give you some suggestions but you mustn’t use the same title as anyone else in our class.
You have to create your own title.
Tom: Okay, I can come up with something I guess.
Maggie: Alright?
Tom: Yeah, I’ve got to go now and make a start on it. I’ll follow the project guidelines like you said. Thanks,
Maggie.
Maggie: No problem. Good luck!
Decide if the statements are true or false according to the text.

1. Maggie has completed her project. ______
2. Tom has submitted his project.______
3. Tom must ask Mrs. Robinson if he can hand in the project after the deadline. ______
4. The poster must look great when it’s finished. _____
5. Tom must design the entire poster by himself. ______
6. Maggie can’t help Tom with the poster in any way.______

Activity 2.

ON-LINE PRACTICE!
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Must_
or_mustn%27t/Must_or_mustn%27t_-_multiple_choice_ug10774ft
Activity 3. In this activity there are 14 letters of desperate people looking for advice. They have written to Agony
Aunt Anne and are waiting for an answer .Can you help them? Choose one situation and write a piece of advice
1- Bullied at school
Dear Anne
I'm 13 years old. My classmates make me sick. They treat me badly and that scares me. I'm very angry.
I don't want to go to school any more. Every morning when I go to my classroom they wait for me by
the only entrance. They want me to give them all my money. Sometimes after school they make me do
horrible things. Once I had to lick the toilet. What shall I do? I can't go to my teachers or my parents
because they don't believe me! And I can't change school because this is the only one near the village
where I live. Please help me!
2- Daughter awaits operation
Dear Anne
My daughter is ill and awaiting surgery for a tumour to be removed. Her husband has gone into a mental
depression. He's offering her no support and she does not have the strength to worry about him whilst
worrying about herself and her two boys. I am there for her but do not know what else I can do. I am
angry at her husband for letting her down in this time of need but cannot do or say anything. I live five
hours away from my daughter and my heart breaks when I speak to her, knowing she is also falling
apart. What can we do? Thank you.
3- Friend's emotional blackmail
Dear Anne
A friend I've known for many years blackmails me into spending more time on her than I want to. I
have emigrated and lead a fulfilled but very busy life as a self-employed single mum of three. My friend
lives in my home country and gets upset if I don't reply to all her very long emails or don't visit her on
every single family visit. In return, she keeps buying me and my children expensive presents which
make us feel guilty. She is a lonely, bitter person in a highly paid job. When she visits me she expects
me all to herself and goes on for hours about how badly the whole world treats her. I'm the only one
who is still prepared to listen to her because she is very trying. I don't know how to extricate myself
from this 'friendship' because I'm fed up with her negative self-pity and would rather visit other old
friends whom I have not seen for ages, but she makes me feel guilty if I don't and she is the godmother
of my daughter.

4- How to come off drugs
Dear Anne
I'm sixteen and I'm having tremendous trouble quitting drugs. About a month ago I collapsed from
severe dehydration and lack of sleep whilst coming down from a 20 pound wrap of amphetamines and
four E's. I was tripping out, seeing spiders and things everywhere. I thought I'd died at one point. I don't
ever want to have to go through anything as horrible as that again. I've quit now but I get really
depressed over nothing at all and end up crying for hours. Then the next day I think of buying a few
pills and have to snap myself out of it. I need help. I just want to know how to deal with the depression
because it's really bad
5- I pretend I have friends
Dear Anne
I feel so miserable and I'm not sure how to change it. I have a great boyfriend who has stood by me
through thick and thin and I have a wonderful supportive family but I don't have any close friends. I
used to be quite popular in University but one girl within my group of friends didn't like me and over
the last two years I have lost almost all contact with my friends. I pretend to my boyfriend and my
parents that I have lots of friends and that I go out often but the truth is I stay at home most evenings. I
feel so lonely and it's difficult to find new friends. I have been feeling like this for over a year now and
I'm not quite sure what to do.
I want to leave uni
6- Dear Anne
I am currently in my second year at University doing Business Studies. I've found that the academic
aspect of this year is a lot harder and that the general process is becoming far from what I expected. I
absolutely love the social aspect of university but have decided to leave and get a job as I really want
to start a career. However I tried to talk to my mum about this. She said the obvious and told me to
'stick it out'. My dad however is fairly agressive in his manner and I'm afraid at how he will react to my
telling him I wish to leave
7- Jealousy and acne
Dear Anne
I broke up with my boyfriend almost a year ago. It was a messy split. It ended with him cheating on me
with a prostitute whilst away on holiday. It makes me think I should resent him. He is seeing someone
else now and no matter how hard I try I am still jealous and find it hard to be friends with him. I am
stressing out over the fact that I don't have a boyfriend and it is now resulting in skin problems like acne
and cold sores breaking out non-stop. How do I overcome my loneliness, jealousy and stress in order
to get my skin back on track?

Activity 4.
Prohibitions and obligations for travel
Brainstorm things you take or do not take when you travel.
Must/have to Need to Don’t need to/ Are not allowed
don’t have to to/ are not
permitted to
A gun….
first aid kit travel pillow liquids lots of clothes be on time a lock
hair dryer passport international adaptor

After completing the exercises above provide some travel advice.
1. I’m traveling for the first time. Can you give me some advice?
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Do you I need to take an international adaptor? Why/why not?
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What am I not allowed to take out of this country?
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What quantity of liquids can I take on the p l a n e ?
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Do I need to take a first aid kit? Why/why not
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Is there anything else I need to know?
………………………………………………………………………………………

There are 12 basic tenses in the English language. These are the most common grammatical forms for expressing
time in English.
Watch these videos!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGvDiycGoOg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3HRUtZCAa4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TrE6VdtgLE
Take some notes!

Introduction
The perfect aspect usually describes events or states which occur or begin during a past period
of time.
I had read your letter.
If we want to talk about a past event or situation that happened earlier than a particular time in
the past, but has an effect on that past time, we use the past perfect, e.g.
She had lost her job and was working as a waitress when I met her.
I didn’t go to the film with Adrienne because I had already seen it.
As the examples show, the past perfect usually refers to events or situations which are complete
before a particular past time. However, with certain verbs it can sometimes be used to refer to an
action or state which started in the past but still happened or existed at the past moment you are
talking about, e.g.
She wanted to borrow my book but I hadn’t finished it.
She was my best friend. I had known her since we were small children.

Activity 1.

Activity 2.
Set a specific time in the past and write down 8 activities you have done before
that specific moment using past perfect. Example: The YouTube video story
and the previous activity (You can create a picture story /comic).

Activity 3. Read the text and underline the sentences in past perfect. Answer True or
False
Last Saturday Amanda, Mike and Alan went to the

new modern art museum in the city centre. They
were amazed by the works which were displayed
there. It was the first time Amanda and Alan had
been to a modern art gallery. Mike had seen many
modern art galleries before. However, he hadn’t
seen such an interesting one before. They stayed
there for about three hours. While they were
visiting the galleries, a famous artist came for a talk on his latest works. Alan and Mike went
to the third floor to see him. While they listened to him, Amanda attended a workshop in
the basement. By the time Amanda’s workshop ended, Mike and Alan had already got out
of the talk with the artist. After they visited all the galleries in the museum, they went into
their town to have a lunch together. During their visit in the museum, they saw very
interesting two photos of a street. In fact, the second picture was the edited version of the
same street. In a minute they realized they were looking at the street where they actually
live. It showed what would happen to it after an event like a fire or a war happened there.
Until they saw those pictures, they had never thought of a disastrous event in a city. They
were really scared to see their street on fire and left the photos in silence.
Decide if the statements are true or false according to the text.

1. They all have been to modern art museum before.
2. They were in the museum before the talk of famous artist.
3. Mike and Amanda did two different activities at the same time in the museum.
4. Amanda’s workshop finished before Mike and Alan left the talk with the artist.
5. They had known there were some pictures of their street before they saw them
in the museum.
EXTRA ACTIVITY. Write the sentences you found in the past perfect and change them to the
negative and interrogative forms.

Activity 4. Write explanations for saying certain things using the past perfect tense. Check
the example 1.
1. Why did you say ‘Sorry’ to your friend? I Had forgotten her birthday
2. Why did you say ‘I hope so’ to your teacher? __________________________________
3. Why did you say ‘I can’t’ to your classmate? __________________________________
4. Why did you say ‘Thank you’ to your mother? __________________________________
5. Why did you say ‘Be careful’ to an old man? __________________________________
6. Why did you say ‘I hope so’ to your teacher? __________________________________
7. Why did you say ‘That is terrible’ to your friend? __________________________________
8. Why did you say ‘Don’t do that again to your dog? __________________________________
9. Why did you say ‘No, thank you’ to your friend? __________________________________
10. Why did you say ‘I promise’ to your teacher? __________________________________
After writing your answers, choose 5 of them and make sentences like the example below
and record your sentences in a video using your mobile/cellphone. Send the video to
your teacher
I said sorry to my friend because I had forgotten her birthday.

………

2nd and 3rd Conditionals

The Second Conditional
The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:
 if + past simple, ...would + infinitive
(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and

'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).
It has two uses.
First, we can use it to talk about things in the

future that are probably not going to be true.
Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.
 If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I

probably won't win the lottery)
 If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
 She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
 She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't
happen)
Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's
not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:
 If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's
impossible for me to call him).
 If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
Watch these videos!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv0T9zaYutA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WY0o3KturkI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ry3xEVEiF-0

Activity 1. Look at the board game and think about these situations, try to provide an oral answer to
practice. It is possible to take some notes!
What would you do if you?

Activity 2. Answer these 16 questions on your notebook using the 2nd
Conditional.
What would you do if you could travel back in time?
What would you do if you could travel into the future?
What would you do if you saw a ghost?
What would you do if you were the richest person alive?
What would you do if you had a pet dinosaur?
What would you do if you had a 3D printer?
What would you do if you were a robot?
What would you do if you could fly like a bird?
What would you do if animals could talk?
What would you do if you were the leader of your country?
What would you do if spiders could fly?
What would you do if a robber asked for all of your money?
What would you do if you were the leader of your country?
What would you do if you forgot your own name?
What would you do if you could travel anywhere?
What would you do if you had a space ship?

Activity 3. Choose the most interesting topic or question, from the 16 questions strips
or the board game and make a 5 strips short comic with 5 different sentences on the
same topic using the second conditional.

The Third Conditional
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and
the past participle in the second part of the sentence:
 if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the
result of this situation.
 If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't
study and so she didn't pass)
 If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel
sick).
 If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
 She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
 She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
 He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine
Watch these videos! Take some notes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuUkuORtfE0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueVWtZCdiDs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyIoPpVbOhc

Activity 1. Regrets, I’ve had a few…
Language of Regret
Look at the example sentences from the film Spiderman, what are the formulas for each structure?
 If Uncle Ben hadn’t tried to pick up the gun, he wouldn’t have died.
 If Peter had stopped the guy, he wouldn’t have killed Uncle Ben.
Historical Regrets
Read the texts about regrettable events from the past and make 6 sentences using the
structures.
Lance Armstrong
Lance Armstrong took performance enhancing
drugs before winning seven Tour de France
titles. A whistle-blower revealed information
about his doping to the press but he denied it for
years. Eventually the evidence was too much and
he confessed to his crimes live on Oprah
Winfrey’s chat show.
Decca Records & The Beatles
In 1962, Dick Rowe, an executive at Decca
Records, thought guitar groups were falling out
of favour. On New Year's Day that year, The
Beatles auditioned to be signed to the record
label. Rowe rejected their audition and decided
not to sign them. The Beatles went on to become
the biggest selling band in history.
Napoleon
In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia with his grand
army of 680,000 soldiers. Instead of fighting the
French, the Russian army retreated further into
Russia burning the farms and supplies as they
went. After winning some minor victories the
French were forced to retreat because of the
freezing Russian winter. Only 27,000 soldiers
from the original army survived.
Example: If Lance Armstrong hadn’t taken enhancing drugs, he wouldn’t have

won.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Activity 2. My Biggest Regret.
Think about these questions and write about your regrets or your family and
friends' regrets (record your answers on a video or present it orally)
 Do you have any regrets? What about your family and friends?
 Have you ever had an accident that was your fault? What happened?
 If you could relive any part of your life, what would you change?
 How would your life be different?

Phrasal verbs. Gossip Girls
Watch the video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7tZSwasnR0
Activity 1. Read the dialogue below then think of a title for it:
Title: ___________________________
A: Have you heard about Kate and Steve?
B: No, what happened?
A: They’ve broken up.
B: No way! When did this happen??
A: Yesterday. Apparently she’d been cheating on him for months with a guy from her gym.
B: Seriously?? That’s horrible, tell me more.
A: Well apparently she met this guy in her yoga class and they got on really well and started
hanging out after class. Then the guy asked her out for a drink and she said yes, but then Sarah
saw them in the bar where they went for the date and confronted her about it.
B: Woah! Is that why Kate and Sarah fell out?
A: Yeah, looking back it seems obvious now. So then, last week Steve and Kate were supposed to
be going to a concert together, Steve had been looking forward to it for ages. Then on the night
of the concert she just didn’t turn up! He was calling her and calling her and she didn’t pick up,
because she was out on another date with the guy from the gym!
B: What a bitch! Steve is such a nice guy.
A: I know he shouldn’t have to put up with being treated like that. So anyway, he went straight
to her house because he was really worried and he caught her coming out of her flat with the
guy!
B: Oh my god! It’s like something out of a soap opera!
A: I know…
Meaning
Activity 2. Replace the underlined phrasal verbs in the text with the words/phrases in the
box below:
1. Tolerate 5. Have a good 8. To be unfaithful
2. Stopped being relationship 9. Request a date
friends 6. Be excited about a 10. Appear/arrive
3. Ended their future event/thing 11. Remembering/thinking
relationship 7. Answer the phone about
4. Spend time together
Make a list on your notebook with the phrasal verbs in the text and their meaning. Try to
remember or learn the meaning.

Memory Test
Activity. Can you remember the missing prepositions?
A: Have you heard about Kate and Steve?
B: No, what happened?
A: They’ve broken _____.
B: No way! When did this happen??
A: Yesterday. Apparently she’d been cheating _____him for months with a guy from her gym.
B: Seriously?? That’s horrible, tell me more.
A: Well apparently she met this guy in her yoga class and they got ______really well and started
hanging _______ after class. Then the guy asked her _______ for a drink and she said yes, but then
Sarah saw them in the bar where they went for the date and confronted her about it.
B: Woah! Is that why Kate and Sarah fell ________?
A: Yeah, looking _______it seems obvious now. So then, last week Steve and Kate were supposed
to be going to a concert together, Steve had been looking _________ to it for ages. Then on the
night of the concert she just didn’t turn up! He was calling her and calling her and she didn’t pick
________, because she was out on another date with the guy from the gym!
B: What a bitch! Steve is such a nice guy.
A: I know he shouldn’t have to put _______with being treated like that. So anyway, he went
straight to her house because he was really worried and he caught her coming out of her flat
with the guy!
B: Oh my god! It’s like something out of a soap opera!
A: I know…
Practice
Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb don’t forget to change the tense if
necessary:
1. I ____________ with my sister 2 years ago and we’re still not speaking now.
2. I tried calling my parents but they didn’t ____________.
3. I think my boyfriend might be ________________ me, he keeps texting some other girl.
4. I really fancy this girl in my class, I want to _______ her ________, where should I suggest?
5. There was a crying baby in the seat behind me on the train, I had to _____________ the noise
for the whole journey.
6. I just want to _____________ with my friends this weekend.
7. I ______________ really well with my Dad’s new girlfriend, she’s really nice.
8. ________________ on my childhood, I think I had an easy life.
9. I’m really _________________ my holiday in Greece, I can’t wait!
10. I was waiting for the bus for 2 hours but it never ________________.
11. I’m so depressed, my girlfriend _____________ with me last night, she says she doesn’t love
me anymore.
Present perfect Continuous
Look at these funny pics
and analyze the tense!

Activity 1: Read the two texts, underline and copy the sentences that imply
actions starting in the past and still going on in the present.
Example: Nick has been playing the game of marbles since he was 5 years
old.
…….

Example: He has been traveling to Los Angeles once a month for over a year.

Watch these videos!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKzqRMA_1lo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spBw8-S7QmU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4LNCzd5JU4

Activity 2. Study the following boxes, then complete the sentences.
I have I have
You have You have
He has He has
She has been working. She has not been
We has
have We has
have
It It
They have They have working.
Yes, No,
I have. I have
Have I
have. have
you
he has. you
he has
Have
Has you
he
she has. she has
Has she
it has. it has
Has it
we have. we have
Have we not.
they have. they have
Have they been working?
Study the boxes above. Then, complete the sentences below.
1. My cat (sleep) all day.
2. A: Jim (do) exercise?
B: Yes, he . He needs a rest.

3. It (rain) for several days.
4. I failed the test because I not (study) hard.

5. We (drive) for two hours.
6. Tracy and Tom (play) tennis for an hour.
7. A: I’m sorry I’m late. you (wait) a long time?
B: No, I .
8. Where you (spend) your summer holidays?

9. Who (eat) my cookies?

10. A: You look tired. you (work) hard.
B: Yes, I .
11. I (think) about quitting my job.
12. Why you (get) up so early recently?
Activity 3. Write a 10 sentences paragraph about the activities you have been doing in
the last months. Once you finish, record yourself reading the paragraph.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Watch these videos!
Analyze the difference between past simple and present perfect continuous
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9pPXxRbdtY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNFdMHI6XwE
Activity 4. Look at the pictures, choose at least 8 actions and write some sentences
by mixing past tense and present perfect continuous, use connectors such as: and,
so, because, so that.
Examples: My mother got a new job so I have been doing the housework.
He arrived home and he has been watching a 3D film.
Activity 5. Write the required information in the speech bubbles by using the
present perfect continuous tense. Record a video with your answers. (Remember
that you can use past tense or other tenses to enrich your narrative)
Write and talk about:
1. The time you have been waking up recently
2. The name of someone you have been thinking about lately
3. Something you have been doing in your free time recently
4. The name of a TV series you have been watching recently
5. Something you have been working on recently
6. Something you have been saving money to buy
7. A sport you have been playing since you were a child
8. The name of a friend you have been seeing a lot lately
9. An adjective to describe how you have been feeling recently
10. The music/podcast, group you have been listening to lately

REPORTED SPEECH
Context:
A) Mandy is sitting in the café where James works. He tells her: “I work in this café almost
every day. But yesterday I saw a famous TV presenter here for the first time. She was
eating an ice-cream at the table where you are sitting now.”
B) A week later, Mandy is speaking to a friend on the phone: “I saw James at the café last
week. He said that he worked in that café almost every day, but that the day before he had
seen a famous TV presenter there for the first time. She had been eating an ice-cream at the
table where I was sitting at that moment.”
Activity 1 : Highlight all of the verb forms you find – do you notice any changes
between text A and B? Next, highlight any other words or phrases that change
between the two texts (hint: You should look at time references and locations)

To report (verb): to tell somebody what you have heard or seen
If we want to say what somebody has said, we basically have two options:
 We can use the person's exact words - in quotation marks "..." if we are writing (direct speech).
 We can change the person's words into our own words (reported speech).
Direct speech (exact words) Reported speech (my words)

He said: "I love you." He said that he loved me.
Reported speech is not really difficult. It is more a matter of logic and common sense. You probably have
the same concept in your own language, where you use your own words to say what somebody has said
or written.
In this lesson we learn about reported speech, the structure that we use when we report what
another person has said, and reported speech rules.
Reported speech is called "indirect speech" by some people.
We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'.)
If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:
Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person'
from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.
(As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've
put it in brackets ( ) to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if
you don't use 'that'.)
But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the
reported speech:
Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.
Watch these videos!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcxytsa8CbI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvgJ1OAxruw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iYO4c5tGnI

Activity 2. Controlled practice
Task: Convert direct speech into indirect speech!
1) Two weeks ago, he said, “I visited this museum last week.”

→ Two weeks ago, he said that…
2) She claimed, “I am the best for this job.”

→ She claimed that…
3) Last year, the minister said, “The crisis will be overcome next year.”
→ Last year, the minister said that…
4) My riding teacher said, “Nobody has ever fallen off a horse here.”
→ My riding teacher said that…
5) Last month, the boss explained, “None of my co-workers has to work overtime now.”
→ Last month, the boss explained that…
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Activity 3. Productive task:

Choose one of the following tasks!
1. Write a fictional interview with your role model / a famous person of your choice.
Afterwards, transfer it into indirect speech using the backshift of tenses.
Or
2. Interview one of your friends about his/her last holiday. Afterwards, transfer it into
indirect speech using the backshift of tenses.
Or
3. Listen to the news on TV/radio and summarize what the reporter said using the
backshift of tenses.

Activity 1. Look at the emojis and report the feelings.
She said that she was laughing.

Activity 2. Look at the example and report the conversation below, after print a screenshot and
paste a conversation from your own phone and report the conversation orally in a video.
Example

PASSIVE VOICE
Activity 1. Read the text below and underline the forms of Verb To be (present, past) and another verb.
Answer the questions.
Answers:

The passive voice is made with the auxiliary verb to be and the past participle. The auxiliary verb shows
the tense.
The rubbish is collected every day. (present simple)

My suit is being cleaned. (present continuous)
He was invited to the party. (past simple)
The building was being renovated. (past continuous)
Two men have been arrested. (present perfect)
She had been interviewed earlier in the day. (past perfect)
Your request will be dealt with shortly. (will future)
Cars must not be parked here. (modal present)
It must have been stolen. (modal perfect)
*Note: perfect continuous tenses do not have a passive form.
Grammatical agents and subjects
It is important to understand the idea of a grammatical agent when studying the passive voice.
In English grammar, the agent is the person or thing that performs an action.
In an active (i.e. not passive) sentence, the agent is usually the subject.

Jane wrote the letter.
The subject Jane is also the agent. Now look at the passive:
The letter was written by Jane.
The subject is now the letter. Jane is not the subject, but she is still the agent.
Sometimes, we do not need to say who performed an action. We may be interested in other
information. For example, we might want to know when the letter was sent, but not who sent it.
The letter was sent yesterday.
We often use the passive voice when the agent is not important, we don't know who or what the agent
is, or when we don't need to mention who the agent as it is already clear.
Use the passive when the agent is unknown, obvious or unimportant
Sometimes the agent is unknown
My bike has been stolen.

I don't know who stole my bike.
Sometimes the agent is obvious
The windows are cleaned once a week.
We don't need to say the windows are cleaned once a week by the window cleaners. It is obvious that the
window cleaners clean the windows.
In this example, the agent is also unimportant as we are interested in when the windows are cleaned,
not who cleans them.

Watch these videos!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePfmgMTgXl8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxIvJtb_iPk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTvD2VGcsEo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1_IRU6zx9g

Activity 2. WRITE THE CORRECT PASSIVE FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:
A Short History of Ice-Cream:
It .......................... (know) that sweet dishes ............................ (cool) with snow and ice in
ancient times. These ........................... (enjoy) by the rich and powerful such as Alexander the
great, the Egyptian Pharaohs, and the Emperor Nero.
Sorbets, or water ices, .............................. (know) since the 16th century, when they
........................ (introduce) in Florence. However, real ice-cream, made with fresh cream or
milk, ............................. (produce) for the first time in the 1630s by Gerald Tissain, the French
chef of the British king, Charles I.
During the 18th century, ice-cream .................................. (eat) regularly at fashionable ice-
cream cafés in London, Paris and other great cities. It was still a great luxury, though. It
.............................. (know), for example, that George Washington spent $200 on ice-cream
in just two months in 1790.
The cost ......................... (reduce) when the first ice-cream factory .................................
(open) in 1851 by another American, George Fussel. Since the 19th century, though, it has been
the Italians who ............................ (see) as the great ice-cream makers. In the mid-19th
century, for example, ice-cream .................................... (sell) in the streets of London by as
many as 30,000 Italians. The Italian methods ............................. (learn) by many others since
those days, and so today excellent ice-cream ............................. (make) and
................................... (enjoy) all over the world.
COMPLETE THE TEXT. WRITE THE PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE FORM OF THE VERBS IN
BRACKETS:
Glass-making:
Champagne, the king of wines and wine of kings, tastes all the better when it
.............................. (drink) from an elegant, fine-quality glass. That, however, is only one of
thousands of ways glass ......................... (use) today. And for all those different uses, many
different types of glass ........................... (produce). Glass products ...............................
(manufacture) in different ways.
Today, glass ............................ (blow) by hand in the traditional way which the Romans first
developed, but now this work ............................ (do) by robots, too. Generally, in industry,
much faster methods of mass production .................................. (need). Often, for example,
glass ............................. (press) into the necessary shape by machine. Glass
.............................. (shape) in other ways too. For example, it ............................. (make)
into long, very thin fibres. Fibres like these ................................ (require) to make the fibre
optic cables that help to build the Information Super-Highway around the world.

COMPLETE THIS DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS OF MAKING CHAMPAGNE. USE THE
PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
First, the grapes ................................ (pick) by hand and checked carefully. Only perfect
grapes ........................... (use) to make champagne. Then, the grapes ............................
(press). 160 kilos of grapes ......................... (use) to produce 100 litres of juice. After that,
the juice ........................... (leave) to ferment and become wine.
Next, different wines ................................ (blend) to produce the “house style”. Yeast and
sugar ............................... (add) to the wine and it ............................ (bottle). This results
in a second fermentation, and bubbles ............................... (produce). A sediment
............................. (produce) by the second fermentation. This ..............................
(remove) in two stages, first remuage, then dégorgement.
The remuage ................................ (carry out) either with computer-controlled machines or

by hand with the traditional remueurs. The bottles of champagne ............................... (turn)
at regular intervals until they are upside down.
In the next stage, dégorgement, the neck of the champagne bottle .................................
(freeze), and the frozen sediment .................................. (remove). Then, a little champagne
and sugar ............................... (add), and the champagne ........................... (leave) to
mature.
Finally, the bottles .................................. (label) and the corks ............................... (insert).
Then the champagne ............................. (sell) all over the world!
Champagne Facts. Did you know...?
 Since the beginning of the 20th century, more champagne ....................................... (export)
to the UK than to any other country, except in 1992. In that year, the highest total
................................ (sell) to Germany.
 In the 17th century, many bottles of champagne ........................................ (lose) because

the glass was not strong enough to resist the pressure. The problem ...............................
(solve) when verre anglais .................................. (introduce). This was a much stronger glass
which ................................. (produce) in Britain in the 17th century.
 Some champagne houses ................................ (hit) very badly by the Russian Revolution.
Ten per cent of total champagne production ................................... (import) by Russian
royalty and aristocracy before the Revolution. This market disappeared overnight.

 Champagne ................................. (sell) in eleven different bottle sizes. The smallest is a
quarter bottle and it contains twenty centilitres. The biggest, which ............................. (call)
a Nebuchadnezzar, contains sixteen litres, and is the equivalent of twenty “normal” 75 centilitre
bottles.
Activity 3.
Name three…. Write in the correct form of passive (present or past) the required
Information, once you have the info, record yourself using your mobile providing the
Information.
Examples:
1. ‘It’, a book by Stephen King, was made into a film. 2… 3….
2. Paint brushes are used by artists 2…. 3….

Activity 4. Bank Robbery
Put the story in order
taken but the bank has not yet revealed how much.
Police arrived within minutes after shots were
Detective Superintendent Andy Chan of B Division later made a statement

saying that no arrests had been
heard coming from inside the bank and a member of the public dialled 999.
Armed robbers have escaped with an unknown quantity of cash in a

daylight raid on a bank in Central District, Hong Kong.
One customer told reporters, 'We were told
A large area of Central District was sealed
It is thought that at least ten million Hong Kong dollars (US$ 1.3 million)
in cash and other valuables were
off bringing traffic to a standstill. However, all of the thieves managed to

escape.

made so far but he was confident the men would be found soon.
to lie on the floor and that if anyone moved they would be shot.'
Bank Robbery
Answer these questions.
How much money was

taken?
2. What was taken besides cash?
3. What happened to the customers in the bank?
4. When did the police arrive?
5. What progress have the police made?
Retell the story

Use the following key words and phrases to retell the story.
lie on the floor arrests shots
robbers sealed off valuables
bank confident cash

Bank Robbery
Grammar gap-fill
Armed robbers (1) (escape) with an unknown quantity of

cash in a daylight raid on a bank in Central District, Hong Kong.
It (2) (think) that at least ten million Hong Kong dollars (US$
1.3 million) in cash and other valuables (3) take) but the
bank (4)
(not / yet / reveal) how much.
A large area of Central District (5) (seal off) bringing

traffic to a standstill. However, all of the thieves (6)
(manage) to escape. One customer told reporters, ‘We (7)
(tell) to lie on the floor and that if anyone moved they (8)
(shoot).’
Police (9) (arrive) within minutes after shots (10)

(hear)
coming from inside the bank and a member of the public (11)
(dial) 999.
Detective Superintendent Andy Chan of B Division later made a

statement saying that no arrests (12) (make) so far but
he was confident the men (13)
(find) soon.

MIGHT – MIGHT NOT
We use might/ might not in order to express that we are rather unsure about doing
something, but that it is still likely to happen.
PRONOUN + MIGHT/NOT + VERB (infinitive)

I might go for a walk after dinner, but I’m not sure.
You might not talk to him immediately. I think it’s too soon.
She perhaps might have another sandwich. She seems to be very hungry.
We might come over and watch a movie together.
Activity 1. Your friend asks you about your plans for the weekend, but you are not
quite sure. Tell him what you probably might do/ might not do! Look at the pictures
and write sentences!
1) ________________________________________________________________________________
2) ________________________________________________________________________________
3) ________________________________________________________________________________
4) ________________________________________________________________________________
5) ________________________________________________________________________________
6) ________________________________________________________________________________
7) ________________________________________________________________________________
8) ________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. ‘MIGHT’ EXERCISES
I) Complete the following sentences using these verbs and might:
Be Buy Get Give Go Have Leave Visit
1. I …………………………………… some change if you need it.

2. We …………………………… to Jamaica next year. Our friends will be there.
3. I …………………………… Sue a call and see if she wants to come.
4. I think he ………………………… to the football match tonight.
5. They…………………………… it if they can get a good price.
6. I ………………………… the job. There were lots of good candidates.
7. Sophie ………………………… next week if she can get a couple of days off work.
8. I ……………………… home late. I’ve got a lot of work to finish before I can leave.
II) Match to complete the sentences:

1. What’s in the parcel? …… It might be in the suitcase.
2. I can’t find my purse. I think …… he might be late.
3. Where are Jenny and Stella? …… Yes, I think he might be stuck in the traffic.
4. Larry called. He said …… I might left it in that last shop.
5. Why are you taking a coat? …… It might be the t-shirts I ordered online.
6. Stan is late. …… They might have gone out to play in the park.
7. Where is your passport? ……The forecast said it might rain later.
Activity 3. Write and record a prediction about your future next year using Might.


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L.I Dianne Vargas Carballo

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 1

Watch these videos to understand the usage of Modal Verbs.

Take some notes!

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 2

Decide if the statements are true or false according to the text.

2. Tom has submitted his project.______

4. The poster must look great when it’s finished. _____

5. Tom must design the entire poster by himself. ______

6. Maggie can’t help Tom with the poster in any way.______

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 3

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 4

2- Daughter awaits operation

3- Friend's emotional blackmail

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 5

5- I pretend I have friends

I want to leave uni

7- Jealousy and acne

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 6

hair dryer passport international adaptor

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 7

2. Do you I need to take an international adaptor? Why/why not?

3. What am I not allowed to take out of this country?

4. What quantity of liquids can I take on the p l a n e ?

5. Do I need to take a first aid kit? Why/why not

6. Is there anything else I need to know?

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 8

Watch these videos!

Take some notes!

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 9

I had read your letter.

She wanted to borrow my book but I hadn’t finished it.

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 10

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 11

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 12

Last Saturday Amanda, Mike and Alan went to the

Decide if the statements are true or false according to the text.

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 13

2. Why did you say ‘I hope so’ to your teacher? __________________________________

3. Why did you say ‘I can’t’ to your classmate? __________________________________

4. Why did you say ‘Thank you’ to your mother? __________________________________

5. Why did you say ‘Be careful’ to an old man? __________________________________

6. Why did you say ‘I hope so’ to your teacher? __________________________________

7. Why did you say ‘That is terrible’ to your friend? __________________________________

10. Why did you say ‘I promise’ to your teacher? __________________________________

I said sorry to my friend because I had forgotten her birthday.

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 14

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 15

 if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and

It has two uses.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the

 If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I

 If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

 If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

Watch these videos!

L.I DIANNE VARGAS CARBALLO. 5TH SEMESTER. CBTIS86 16