UNIT-2

Cloud Computing --Overview

Cloud Computing provides us means of accessing the applications as utilities over the
Internet. It allows us to create, configure, and customize the applications online.

Cloud
The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say that Cloud is
something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide services over public and
private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.
Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship management (CRM)
execute on cloud.

Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the hardware and
software resources remotely. It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application.

Cloud computing offers platform independency, as the software is not required to be

installed locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our business
applications mobile and collaborative.

Basic Concepts
There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud
computing feasible and accessible to end users. Following are the working models for cloud
computing:
  Deployment Models
 Service Models

Deployment Models

Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located?
Cloud can have any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid, and Community.

Public Cloud

The public cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public.
Public cloud may be less secure because of its openness.

Private Cloud

The private cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It is
more secured because of its private nature.

Community Cloud

The community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of

organizations.

Hybrid Cloud

The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud, in which the critical activities are
performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using public
cloud.

Service Models

Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into three basic service
models which are -

 Infrastructure-as–a-Service (IaaS)
 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) is yet another service model, which includes Network-as-a-
Service, Business-as-a-Service, Identity-as-a-Service, Database-as-a-Service or Strategy-as-
a-Service.
The Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is the most basic level of service. Each of the
service models inherit the security and management mechanism from the underlying model,
as shown in the following diagram:

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical machines, virtual machines,
virtual storage, etc.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development and deployment
tools, etc.

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

SaaS model allows to use software applications as a service to end-users.

History of Cloud Computing

The concept of Cloud Computing came into existence in the year 1950 with
implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static clients. Since then,
cloud computing has been evolved from static clients to dynamic ones and from software to
services. The following diagram explains the evolution of cloud computing:
Benefits
Cloud Computing has numerous advantages. Some of them are listed below -
 access applications as utilities, over the Internet.
 manipulate and configure the applications online at any time.
 It does not require to install a software to access or manipulate cloud application.
 Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools, programming
runtime environment through PaaS model.
 Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provide platform
independent access to any type of clients.
 Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used without
interaction with cloud service provider.
 Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high efficiency with
optimum utilization. It just requires an Internet connection
 Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.
Risks related to Cloud Computing
Security and Privacy

It is the biggest concern about cloud computing. Since data management and infrastructure
management in cloud is provided by third-party, it is always a risk to handover the sensitive
information to cloud service providers.
Although the cloud computing vendors ensure highly secured password protected accounts,
any sign of security breach may result in loss of customers and businesses.

Lock In

It is very difficult for the customers to switch from one Cloud Service Provider (CSP) to
another. It results in dependency on a particular CSP for service.

Isolation Failure

This risk involves the failure of isolation mechanism that separates storage, memory, and
routing between the different tenants.

Management Interface Compromise

In case of public cloud provider, the customer management interfaces are accessible through
the Internet.

Insecure or Incomplete Data Deletion

It is possible that the data requested for deletion may not get deleted. It happens because
either of the following reasons
 Extra copies of data are stored but are not available at the time of deletion
 Disk that stores data of multiple tenants is destroyed.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
There are four key characteristics of cloud computing. They are shown in the following
diagram:

On Demand Self Service

Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services and resources on demand. One can
logon to a website at any time and use them.

Broad Network Access

Since cloud computing is completely web based, it can be accessed from anywhere and at
any time.

Resource Pooling

Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a pool of resources. One can share single
physical instance of hardware, database and basic infrastructure.

Rapid Elasticity

It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at any time. Scaling of
resources means the ability of resources to deal with increasing or decreasing demand.
The resources being used by customers at any given point of time are automatically
monitored.

Measured Service

In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects of cloud service.
Resource optimization, billing, and capacity planning etc. depend on it.

Cloud Computing Technologies

There are certain technologies working behind the cloud computing platforms making cloud
computing flexible, reliable, and usable. These technologies are listed below:

 Virtualization
 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
 Grid Computing
 Utility Computing

Virtualization
Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single physical instance of an
application or resource among multiple organizations or tenants (customers). It does this by
assigning a logical name to a physical resource and providing a pointer to that physical
resource when demanded.
The Multitenant architecture offers virtual isolation among the multiple tenants. Hence,
the organizations can use and customize their application as though they each have their
instances running.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Service-Oriented Architecture helps to use applications as a service for other applications
regardless the type of vendor, product or technology. Therefore, it is possible to exchange
the data between applications of different vendors without additional programming or
making changes to services.
The cloud computing service oriented architecture is shown in the diagram below.

Grid Computing
Grid Computing refers to distributed computing, in which a group of computers from
multiple locations are connected with each other to achieve a common objective. These
computer resources are heterogeneous and geographically dispersed.
Grid Computing breaks complex task into smaller pieces, which are distributed to CPUs that
reside within the grid.
Utility Computing
Utility computing is based on Pay-per-Use model. It offers computational resources on
demand as a metered service. Cloud computing, grid computing, and managed IT services
are based on the concept of utility computing.

Basic Principle of Cloud Computing:

 Federation: A cloud computing environment must be capable of providing
federated service providers which means that, these providers, must be capable
of collaborating and resource sharing at any point irrespective of their type. This
is usually needed when an organization extends its computing paradigm from the
private to the public cloud. Moreover, This federation must be kept transparent
so that the virtual application can be used on all the sites. This makes the
application be handled remotely and allows it to migrate from one site to
another. Apart from this, the federation must be carried out in a secure and
independent way.
 Independence: The user of cloud computing services must be independent of
the provider’s specific tool and the type of service. According to this principle, a
user must be allowed the required virtual resource irrespective of the type of
provider. Moreover, it is the responsibility of service providers to handle
infrastructure while hiding confidential information.
 Isolation: According to this principle, a service provider must ensure the user
with respect to the isolation of their data from others. Even the data in the same
cloud must be separated from different users and therefore should not be
accessed.
 Elasticity: The user of cloud computing must be provided with ease of
accessing and releasing the resources as required. This is typically referred to as
elasticity. The rules associated with elasticity must be included within the
contract made between consumers and services providers.
 Business Orientation: To develop a more efficient computing environment, an
efficient platform must be developed before the applications are included in the
cloud. This typically ensures the quality of services and assist SLA (Service-
Level-Agreement).
 Trust: To build a successful cloud computing environment, one of the major
factors is trust between consumers and service providers. Therefore, effective
mechanisms must be included to develop a trustworthy computing environment.
Cloud Based Services


Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted
on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal
computer. Companies offering such kinds of cloud computing services are called cloud
providers and typically charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids and
clusters are the foundations for cloud computing.
Types of Cloud Computing
Most cloud computing services fall into five broad categories:
1. Software as a service (SaaS)
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4. Anything/Everything as a service (XaaS)
5. Function as a Service (FaaS)
These are sometimes called the cloud computing stack because they are built on top of one
another. Knowing what they are and how they are different, makes it easier to accomplish
your goals. These abstraction layers can also be viewed as a layered architecture where
services of a higher layer can be composed of services of the underlying layer i.e, SaaS can
provide Infrastructure.

Software as a Service(SaaS)

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over the

Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it via the Internet,
freeing ourselves from the complex software and hardware management. It removes the need
to install and run applications on our own computers or in the data centers eliminating the
expenses of hardware as well as software maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from
a cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web browser
without any downloads or installations required. The SaaS applications are sometimes
called Web-based software, on-demand software, or hosted software.
Advantages of SaaS
1. Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
2. Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser
without needing to download and install any software. This reduces the time spent
in installation and configuration and can reduce the issues that can get in the way
of the software deployment.
3. Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
4. Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a
SaaS provider to automatically perform the updates.
5. Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-demand.
The various companies providing Software as a service are Cloud9 Analytics,
Salesforce.com, Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Big Commerce, Eloqua, dropBox, and
Cloud Tran.
Disadvantages of Saas :
1. Limited customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable as on-
premises software, meaning that users may have to work within the constraints of
 the SaaS provider’s platform and may not be able to tailor the software to their
specific needs.
2. Dependence on internet connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically cloud-based,
which means that they require a stable internet connection to function properly.
This can be problematic for users in areas with poor connectivity or for those who
need to access the software in offline environments.
3. Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintaining the security of
the data stored on their servers, but there is still a risk of data breaches or other
security incidents.
4. Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s data,
which can be a concern for organizations that need to maintain strict control over
their data for regulatory or other reasons.

Platform as a Service

PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in the
cloud and accessed by users simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result, PaaS
frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new
application. Thus, the development and deployment of the application take
place independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including
network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed
applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. To
make it simple, take the example of an annual day function, you will have two options either
to create a venue or to rent a venue but the function is the same.
Advantages of PaaS:
1. Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure and
other IT services, which users can access anywhere via a web browser.
2. Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus
eliminating the expenses one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
3. Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the complete web
application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing, and updating.
4. Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus,
the overall development of the application can be more effective.
The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web services Elastic
Beanstalk, Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bees and IBM smart
cloud.
Disadvantages of Paas:
1. Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage the
underlying infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can
also mean that users have less control over the environment and may not be able
to make certain customizations.
2. Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS provider for the
availability, scalability, and reliability of the platform, which can be a risk if the
provider experiences outages or other issues.
 3. Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types
of workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain
organizations.

Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure on

an outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically IaaS is a service where
infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to enterprises such as networking equipment,
devices, database, and web servers.
It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis,
typically by the hour, week, or month. Some providers also charge customers based on the
amount of virtual machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and servers for
developing such applications, and services, and deploying development tools, databases, etc.
Advantages of IaaS:
1. Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS
customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
2. Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than
traditional web hosting.
3. Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing
software.
4. Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the
introduction of new releases of the development or underlying software. This is all
handled by the IaaS Cloud Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon web services,
Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.
Disadvantages of laaS :
1. Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage the
underlying infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can
also mean that users have less control over the environment and may not be able
to make certain customizations.
2. Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and
applications, which can be a significant undertaking.
3. Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain regions and
countries due to legal policies.

Anything as a Service

It is also known as Everything as a Service. Most of the cloud service providers nowadays
offer anything as a service that is a compilation of all of the above services including some
additional services.
Advantages of XaaS:
1. Scalability: XaaS solutions can be easily scaled up or down to meet the changing
needs of an organization.
2. Flexibility: XaaS solutions can be used to provide a wide range of services, such
as storage, databases, networking, and software, which can be customized to meet
the specific needs of an organization.
 3. Cost-effectiveness: XaaS solutions can be more cost-effective than traditional on-
premises solutions, as organizations only pay for the services.
Disadvantages of XaaS:
1. Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the XaaS provider for the
availability, scalability, and reliability of the service, which can be a risk if the
provider experiences outages or other issues.
2. Limited flexibility: XaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types
of workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain
organizations.
3. Limited integration: XaaS solutions may not be able to integrate with existing
systems and data sources, which can limit the value of the solution for certain
organizations.
Function as a Service :
FaaS is a type of cloud computing service. It provides a platform for its users or customers to
develop, compute, run and deploy the code or entire application as functions. It allows the
user to entirely develop the code and update it at any time without worrying about the
maintenance of the underlying infrastructure. The developed code can be executed with
response to the specific event. It is also as same as PaaS.
FaaS is an event-driven execution model. It is implemented in the serverless container. When
the application is developed completely, the user will now trigger the event to execute the
code. Now, the triggered event makes response and activates the servers to execute it. The
servers are nothing but the Linux servers or any other servers which is managed by the
vendor completely. Customer does not have clue about any servers which is why they do not
need to maintain the server hence it is serverless architecture.
Both PaaS and FaaS are providing the same functionality but there is still some
differentiation in terms of Scalability and Cost.
FaaS, provides auto-scaling up and scaling down depending upon the demand. PaaS also
provides scalability but here users have to configure the scaling parameter depending upon
the demand.
In FaaS, users only have to pay for the number of execution time happened. In PaaS, users
have to pay for the amount based on pay-as-you-go price regardless of how much or less they
use.
Advantages of FaaS :
 Highly Scalable: Auto scaling is done by the provider depending upon the
demand.
 Cost-Effective: Pay only for the number of events executed.
 Code Simplification: FaaS allows the users to upload the entire application all at
once. It allows you to write code for independent functions or similar to those
functions.
 Maintenance of code is enough and no need to worry about the servers.
 Functions can be written in any programming language.
 Less control over the system.
The various companies providing Function as a Service are Amazon Web Services –
Firecracker, Google – Kubernetes, Oracle – Fn, Apache OpenWhisk – IBM, OpenFaaS,
Disadvantages of FaaS :
1. Cold start latency: Since FaaS functions are event-triggered, the first request to a
new function may experience increased latency as the function container is
created and initialized.
 2. Limited control over infrastructure: FaaS providers typically manage the
underlying infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can
also mean that users have less control over the environment and may not be able
to make certain customizations.
3. Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and
applications, which can be a significant undertaking.
4. Limited scalability: FaaS functions may not be able to handle high traffic or large
number of requests.

Cloud Deployment Model

Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a deployment
architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to store and who has
access to the infrastructure.
Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models
The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud environment based on
ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and purpose. The location of the
servers you’re utilizing and who controls them are defined by a cloud deployment model. It
specifies how your cloud infrastructure will look, what you can change, and whether you
will be given services or will have to create everything yourself. Relationships between the
infrastructure and your users are also defined by cloud deployment types. Different types of
cloud computing deployment models are
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Multi-Cloud

Public Cloud
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The public
cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in which cloud
infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the general people or major industry
groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity that delivers the cloud
services, not by the consumer. It is a type of cloud hosting that allows customers and users
to easily access systems and services. This form of cloud computing is an excellent
example of cloud hosting, in which service providers supply services to a variety of
customers. In this arrangement, storage backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a
subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.

Public Cloud
Advantages of the Public Cloud Model
 Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no substantial
upfront fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require immediate access to
resources.
 No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud service
providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
 Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud does not
necessitate infrastructure management.
 No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider (not
users).
 Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand resources
are accessible.

Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model

 Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is no
guarantee of high-level security.
 Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be customized
according to personal requirements.

Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud deployment
model. It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There is no need to
share your hardware with anyone else. The distinction between private and public clouds is
in how you handle all of the hardware. It is also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the
ability to access systems and services within a given border or organization. The cloud
platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure environment that is protected by powerful
firewalls and under the supervision of an organization’s IT department. The private cloud
gives greater flexibility of control over cloud resources.

Private Cloud

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

 Better Control: You are the sole owner of the property. You gain complete
command over service integration, IT operations, policies, and user behavior.
 Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate information to
which only authorized staff have access. By segmenting resources within the
same infrastructure, improved access and security can be achieved.
 Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy
systems that are unable to access the public cloud.
  Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a
company to tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.

Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model

 Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is less
number of clients.
 Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized facilities.

Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid cloud
computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you may host the app in a
safe environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost savings. Organizations
can move data and applications between different clouds using a combination of two or
more cloud deployment methods, depending on their needs.

Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

 Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can design
personalized solutions that meet their particular needs.
 Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be responsible for
paying for the extra capacity if you require it.
 Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft by
attackers are considerably reduced.

Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

 Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a
combination of both public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
 Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes place
through the public cloud so latency occurs.

Community Cloud
It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of organizations. It is a
distributed system that is created by integrating the services of different clouds to address
the specific needs of a community, industry, or business. The infrastructure of the
community could be shared between the organization which has shared concerns or tasks. It
is generally managed by a third party or by the combination of one or more organizations in
the community.
 Community Cloud

Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

 Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by multiple
organizations or communities.
 Security: Community cloud provides better security.
 Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc. with
multiple organizations.
 Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration and data
sharing.

Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model

 Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as many
organizations share the same resources according to their collaborative interests.
 Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among different
organizations according to their mutual interests if an organization wants some
changes according to their needs they cannot do so because it will have an
impact on other organizations.

Multi-Cloud
We’re talking about employing multiple cloud providers at the same time under this
paradigm, as the name implies. It’s similar to the hybrid cloud deployment approach, which
combines public and private cloud resources. Instead of merging private and public clouds,
multi-cloud uses many public clouds. Although public cloud providers provide numerous
tools to improve the reliability of their services, mishaps still occur. It’s quite rare that two
distinct clouds would have an incident at the same moment. As a result, multi-cloud
deployment improves the high availability of your services even more.

Advantages of the Multi-Cloud Model

 You can mix and match the best features of each cloud provider’s services to
suit the demands of your apps, workloads, and business by choosing different
cloud providers.
 Reduced Latency: To reduce latency and improve user experience, you can
choose cloud regions and zones that are close to your clients.
 High availability of service: It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have
an incident at the same moment. So, the multi-cloud deployment improves the
high availability of your services.

Disadvantages of the Multi-Cloud Model

  Complex: The combination of many clouds makes the system complex and
bottlenecks may occur.
 Security issue: Due to the complex structure, there may be loopholes to which a
hacker can take advantage hence, makes the data insecure.

Choice for Cloud Deployment Model

As of now, no such approach fits picking a cloud deployment model. We will always
consider the best cloud deployment model as per our requirements. Here are some factors
which should be considered before choosing the best deployment model.
 Cost: Cost is an important factor for the cloud deployment model as it tells how
much amount you want to pay for these things.
 Scalability: Scalability tells about the current activity status and how much we
can scale it.
 Easy to use: It tells how much your resources are trained and how easily can you
manage these models.
 Compliance: Compliance tells about the laws and regulations which impact the
implementation of the model.
 Privacy: Privacy tells about what data you gather for the model.

Each model has some advantages and some disadvantages, and the selection of the best is
only done on the basis of your requirement. If your requirement changes, you can switch to
any other model.

Overall Analysis of Cloud Deployment Models

The overall Analysis of these models with respect to different factors is described below.

Public Community
Factors Cloud Private Cloud Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Complex, Complex, Complex,

requires a requires a requires a
Initial Setup Easy
professional professional professional
team to setup team to setup team to setup

Scalability
and High High Fixed High
Flexibility

Between public
Cost- Distributed cost
Cost-Effective Costly and private
Comparison among members
cloud
 Public Community
Factors Cloud Private Cloud Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Reliability Low Low High High

Data Security Low High High High

Data Privacy Low High High High

Models of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing helps in rendering several services according to roles, companies, etc.
Cloud computing models are explained below.
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
 Platform as a service (PaaS)
 Software as a service (SaaS)

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps in delivering computer infrastructure on an external

basis for supporting operations. Generally, IaaS provides services to networking equipment,
devices, databases, and web servers.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps large organizations, and large enterprises in
managing and building their IT platforms. This infrastructure is flexible according to the
needs of the client.
Advantages of IaaS
 IaaS is cost-effective as it eliminates capital expenses.
 IaaS cloud provider provides better security than any other software.
 IaaS provides remote access.

Disadvantages of IaaS
 In IaaS, users have to secure their own data and applications.
 Cloud computing is not accessible in some regions of the World.

2. Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud computing that helps developers to build
applications and services over the Internet by providing them with a platform.
PaaS helps in maintaining control over their business applications.
Advantages of PaaS
 PaaS is simple and very much convenient for the user as it can be accessed via a
web browser.
 PaaS has the capabilities to efficiently manage the lifecycle.
Disadvantages of PaaS
 PaaS has limited control over infrastructure as they have less control over the
environment and are not able to make some customizations.
 PaaS has a high dependence on the provider.

3. Software as a service (SaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a type of cloud computing model that is the work of
delivering services and applications over the Internet. The SaaS applications are called
Web-Based Software or Hosted Software.
SaaS has around 60 percent of cloud solutions and due to this, it is mostly preferred by
companies.
Advantages of SaaS
 SaaS can access app data from anywhere on the Internet.
 SaaS provides easy access to features and services.
Disadvantages of SaaS
 SaaS solutions have limited customization, which means they have some
restrictions within the platform.
 SaaS has little control over the data of the user.
 SaaS are generally cloud-based, they require a stable internet connection for
proper working.