Evolution of Cloud Computing

EVOLUTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing has evolved from the most emerged technologies like grid
computing, virtualization, utility computing in distributed computation
environment with web based platforms. The concept of Cloud Computing
came into existence in the year 1950 with implementation of mainframe
computers, accessible via thin/static clients. The cloud computing has evolved
from the concepts of grid, utility and SaaS. The development towards cloud
computing started in the late 1980s with the concept of grid computing. Grid
computing also named as On Demand Computing centers around moving a
workload to the area of the required computing assets, which are for the most
part remote and are promptly accessible for utilize. A grid is a group of
servers where huge task could be separated into smaller tasks which will be
keep running in parallel frameworks. Starting here of view, a grid could really
be seen as only one virtual server and oblige applications to fit in with the grid
programming interfaces. In the 1990s, the idea of virtualization was extended
beyond virtual servers to to higher levels of abstraction. Storage and network
resources, and subsequently the virtual application, which has no specific
underlying infrastructure were applied in virtual platform. Utility Computing
is a concept established by John McCarthy, who predicted already in the late
1960s that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility". In
utility computing, clusters are presented as virtual platforms for computing
with a metered business model. Characteristics of clusters are that the
computers being linked to each other are normally distributed locally, and
have the same kind of hardware and operating system. Therefore cluster work
stations are connected together and can possibly be used as a super computer.
The utility approach also known as payper-use or metered services
increasingly common in enterprise computing and is sometimes used for the
consumer market for Internet service, file sharing, web site access and other
applications. More recently software as an service (SaaS) has raised the level
of virtualization to the application, with a plan of action of charging not by the
resources devoured but rather by the estimation of the application to
supporters. In 2001, IBM began autonomic computing likewise called
selfrevision in which computers can naturally rectify themselves without
human mediation. For example, consider a network of computers running a
set of programs and when there is a hardware failure on one of the computers
on the network, the programs running on that computer are transferred to
other computers in the network. The following section discusses the great
features exist with cloud computing which made an end user to use this
computing concept easily.
Overview Of Cloud Computing

Introduction- Cloud Computing provides us means of accessing the
applications as utilities over the Internet. It allows us to create, configure, and
customize the applications online.
What is Cloud?- The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other
words, we can say that Cloud is something, which is present at remote
location. Cloud can provide services over public and private networks, i.e.,
WAN, LAN or VPN. Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing,
customer relationship management (CRM) execute on cloud.
What is Cloud Computing?- Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the hardware and software resources remotely. It
offers online data storage, infrastructure, and application. Cloud computing
offers platform independency, as the software is not required to be installed
locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our business
applications mobile and collaborative.
Basic Concepts
There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the
cloud computing feasible and accessible to end users. Following are the
working models for cloud computing:
Deployment Models
 Service Models
 Deployment Models - Deployment models define the type of access to the

cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located? Cloud can have any of the four types of
access: Public, Private, Hybrid, and Community.
PUBLIC CLOUD -The public cloud allows systems and services to be easily
accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secure because of its
openness.
PRIVATE CLOUD- The private cloud allows systems and services to be
accessible within an organization. It is more secured because of its private
nature.
COMMUNITY CLOUD- The community cloud allows systems and
services to be accessible by a group of organizations.
HYBRID CLOUD - The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private
cloud, in which the critical activities are performed using private cloud while
the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud.
Service Models
Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into three
basic service models which are –
 Infrastructure-as–a-Service (IaaS)
 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) is yet another service model, which includes
Network-as-aService, Business-as-a-Service, Identity-as-a-Service, Database-
as-a-Service or Strategy-asa-Service.
The Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is the most basic level of service.
Each of the service models inherit the security and management mechanism
from the underlying model.
INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE (IAAS) IaaS provides access to
fundamental resources such as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual
storage, etc.
PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE (PAAS) PaaS provides the runtime
environment for applications, development and deployment tools, etc.
SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE (SAAS) SaaS model allows to use software
applications as a service to end-users.
History of Cloud Computing
The concept of Cloud Computing came into existence in the year 1950 with
implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static
clients.Since then, cloud computing has been evolved from static clients to
dynamic ones and from software to services. The following diagram explains
the evolution of cloud computing:
Benefits
Cloud Computing has numerous advantages. Some of them are listed below -
One can access applications as utilities, over the Internet.
 One can manipulate and configure the applications online at any time.
 It does not require to install a software to access or manipulate cloud

application.
 Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools,

programming runtime environment through PaaS model.
 Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provide
platform independent access to any type of clients.
 Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used

without interaction with cloud service provider.
 Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high

efficiency with optimum utilization. It just requires an Internet connection
 Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.

Risks related to Cloud Computing Although cloud Computing is a
promising innovation with various benefits in the world of computing, it comes with
risks. Some of them are discussed below:
Security and Privacy

It is the biggest concern about cloud computing. Since data management and
infrastructure management in cloud is provided by third-party, it is always a risk to
handover the sensitive information to cloud service providers.
Although the cloud computing vendors ensure highly secured password protected
accounts, any sign of security breach may result in loss of customers and businesses.
Lock In
It is very difficult for the customers to switch from one Cloud Service Provider
(CSP) to another. It results in dependency on a particular CSP for service.
Isolation Failure
This risk involves the failure of isolation mechanism that separates storage,
memory, and routing between the different tenants.
Management Interface
Compromise In case of public cloud provider, the customer management interfaces

are accessible through the Internet.
Insecure or Incomplete Data Deletion
It is possible that the data requested for deletion may not get deleted. It happens
because either of the following reasons
 Extra copies of data are stored but are not available at the time of deletion
Disk that stores data of multiple tenants is destroyed.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing

There are four key characteristics of cloud computing. They are shown in the following
diagram:
On Demand Self Service- Cloud Computing allows the users to use web
services and resources on demand. One can logon to a website at any time and
use them.
Broad Network -Access Since cloud computing is completely web based, it
can be accessed from anywhere and at any time.
Resource Pooling -Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a pool
of resources. One can share single physical instance of hardware, database and
basic infrastructure.
Rapid Elasticity- It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or
horizontally at any time. Scaling of resources means the ability of resources to
deal with increasing or decreasing demand.
The resources being used by customers at any given point of time are
automatically monitored.
Measured Service In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the
aspects of cloud service. Resource optimization, billing, and capacity planning
etc. depend on it.

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EVOLUTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Overview Of Cloud Computing

 Deployment Models - Deployment models define the type of access to the

 It does not require to install a software to access or manipulate cloud

 Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools,

 Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used

 Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high

 Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.

Security and Privacy

Compromise In case of public cloud provider, the customer management interfaces

Insecure or Incomplete Data Deletion

Disk that stores data of multiple tenants is destroyed.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

You might also like