Annotated Bib

Abi-Jaoude, Elia, et al. “Smartphones, social media use and Youth Mental Health.”
Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 192, no. 6, 9 Feb. 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190434.

Elia explains how the rate of mental distress in teenagers has skyrocketed
over the years. This is due to more and more preteens/teens easily accessing
the use of a phone and social media. One of the biggest concerns is suicide. It is
one of the leading causes of death among teenagers. After looking through the
methods, it can be determined that a study was undergone to find out how many
individuals had low self-esteem due to comparing themselves to other profiles.
The percentage was fairly high. It was also concluded that for some people, life
satisfaction depends on the amount of likes you get on a post. The author
summarizes the article by stating that phones have their benefits like social
connections and should not be discredited. It would do more harm than good to
take away something that kids have grown into. Although it has its perks, there
needs to be time taken from cellular devices to ensure we don’t get sucked in.
Mental health needs to be protected, especially when it comes to the youth.

Barry, Christopher. “Social Media Engagement, Perceptions of Social Media Costs and
Benefits, and Well-Being in College Student-Athletes.” Taylor and Francis Online, 17
Nov. 2022, www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07448481.2022.2142797.

Barry aims to discover how social media affects student athletes. He

wants to see if online usage leads to depression, lack of sleep, anxiety, etc.
Athletes utilize social media because they can profit from it. They can gain
followers and grow their account. However, time on social media can also lead to
lower grades and a negative self perception. Because these individuals play a
sport, they’re more likely at risk to develop mental health problems. For this
method, the researcher collected data from people who self reported and sent
screenshots that showed their screen time. The article states, Overall screen
time taken from devices was not associated with self-reported well-being,
whereas use of social media during daily activities was related to worse well-
being across domains (e.g., lower self-esteem, higher fear of missing out, stress,
anxiety, depression).” Overall, it seems the results were negative and social
media did infact impact the athletes. I would use this in my paper to show the
different types of people that are at risk of mental health issues.

Charmaraman, Linda, et al. “Early Adolescent Social Media-Related Body

Dissatisfaction: Associations with Depressive Symptoms, Social Anxiety, Peers, and
Celebrities.” Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, U.S. National
Library of Medicine, 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196598/.
 The article goes over how important it is to view the effects on social
media when it comes to young people. Adolescence is the age where kids are
still growing, and learning about themselves. Social media could potentially
impact them in a positive way, but there are very negative ideas and beliefs
spread in our world today. This sample used 700 kids in middle school from ages
11 to 14. In this survey, they asked short questions about negative body image in
relation to social media. According to the article, “Those who followed celebrities
checked social media more frequently and were more likely to have depressive
symptoms and online social anxiety.” Celebrities have a huge influence on us. I
wanted to talk about this in my paper because famous influencers can use their
platforms to reshape the way social media makes people feel. There is a lot of
negativity and if people see them making a change for the better, it will internally
make people want to do the same. The conclusion finishes by saying that there
may be a negative emotional connection to social media.

Craig, Shelley, and Andrew Eaton. “Can Social Media Participation Enhance LGBTQ+
Youth Well-Being? Development of the Social Media Benefits Scale.” Sage Journals, 23
Jan. 2021, journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2056305121988931.

Some people are not accepting or supportive of the LGBTQ community.

This can lead to depression or even death. Social media is very beneficial for
those who feel as though they have no one there for them. They can form their
own community with people who accept and treat them with the respect they
deserve. The method used was research questions. Three questions were asked
to participants mostly ages 14-18: “1.What are the frequencies of site usage
among LGBTQ+ youth?, 2.Why do LGBTQ+ youth use social media?,3.How can
social media’s benefits enhance LGBTQ+ youth well-being?” It was taken online
by those who wished to participate. The questionnaire took around 30-45
minutes. The results showed which app helped with which feeling. I want to use
this in my article to show one of the benefits of social media. It can provide a safe
space for LGBTQ people who don’t feel seen and can increase life satisfaction.

Geirdal, Amy. “Mental Health, Quality of Life, Wellbeing, Loneliness and Use of Social
Media in a Time of Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Outbreak. A Cross-Country
Comparative Study.” T and F Online, 22 Dec. 2020,
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638237.2021.1875413.

This article talks about how social media plays into the times of Coivid.
Social-distancing was a new rule that people in our generation were not used to.
It was difficult to get used to. Social media helped individuals stay in touch with
friends. For the methods, there was a comparison between the countries of
America, The UK, Australia, and Norway. A survey that was volunteer only that
people could take themselves was taken through Twitter, Instagram and
Facebook. According to the article, “The person indicates the degree to which the
item content has been experienced during the two preceding weeks, using four
 response categories (“less than usual” (0), “as usual” (1), “more than usual” (2) or
“much more than usual” (3)), score range 0–36.” The results showed most
people had a poor mental health. In conclusion, it can be seen that Covid had a
great impact on individuals and their mental health. The more a person used
social media, the worse their mental state was.

Gillespie-Smith, Karri, et al. “Using Social Media to Be ‘Social’: Perceptions of Social

Media Benefits and Risk by Autistic Young People, and Parents.” Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Pergamon, 7 Sept. 2021,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891422221002304?via%3Dihub.

The abstract explains how it’s more difficult for autistic individuals to
participate in social interaction. Social media can possibly be a good way for
them to form bonds with more people. The study is aimed to discover the risks of
relationships online when it comes to autistic people and their parents. For this
study, the methods the researchers used were interviews. They sent their study
through the mail and social media accounts. Volunteers came in and answered
questions. They found a mix of positive and negative results. On the positive
side, one participant stated,“he can express himself as he’s not having to focus
on looking at someone; he’s able to talk away as he finds normal conversations
very distracting”. This is just one of the benefits of social media. Meanwhile
another said, ““people can just go on you and just really upset you”. There’s a
risk of talking to strangers and getting bullied. If handled the right way, social
media is an awesome way for autistic people to find other and connect.

McClellan, Chandler, et al. “Using Social Media to Monitor Mental Health Discussions −
Evidence from Twitter.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 5 Oct. 2016,
academic.oup.com/jamia/article/24/3/496/2907899?login=true.

This article goes over how Twitter can be utilized in order to promote
better mental health.The abstract explains how social platforms are growing day
by day. This author’s “goal was to develop an empirical model to identify periods
of heightened interest in mental health topics on Twitter.” To do this, they used a
specific type of data analysis to view an increase of Twitter activity around
different topics, such as suicide and depression. Sometimes, an “unexpected”
shock has more prevalence and lasts longer than an expected one. They use the
example of Robin Williams’ unforeseen suicide. In conclusion, worries about
mental health can be seen more quickly through forecasting techniques and time
series analysis. By detecting uncredible information as it comes out,
organizations can target the more credible posts and ensure that they reach
more people. This also promotes the sharing of ideas about various treatment
options. I could use this article to explain how social media can be used for
good. It can be informative to get the information you need and find the support
to help.

Mesfin, Bekalu. “Association of Social Media Use with Social Well-Being ...” Sage
Journals, 19 Nov. 2019, journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1090198119863768.
 The abstract begins by explaining that the routine use of social media may
not be the problem. Rather,the emotional connection formed by social media
might be the factor that turns online activity from positive, to negative. Research
needs to go past the regular findings of social media use based on time spent
and focus more on the complex feelings that come with it. The method for this
article was utilizing an integration scale. It asked questions like, “I enjoy checking
my social media account, (2) I don’t like to use social media, (3) Using social
media is part of my everyday routine, and (4) I respond to content that others
share using social media” and “I feel disconnected from friends when I have not
logged into social media, (2) I would like it if everyone used social media to
communicate, (3) I would be disappointed if I could not use social media at all,
(4) I get upset when I can’t log on to social media, (5) I prefer to communicate
with others mainly through social media, and (6) Social media play an important
role in my social relationships” to get two factor insight. In conclusion, it’s difficult
to determine when social media becomes negative without observing the
emotional impact that media has on individuals.

Strickland, Amelia, "Exploring the Effects of Social Media Use on the Mental Health of
Young Adults" (2014). HIM 1990-2015. 1684.

Strickland strives to discover the connection between social media and

mental health in young individuals. Social media can have negative affects not
just on a person, but also with the relationships they have and make. This
includes platonic and romantic relationships. Amelia also wants to explore how
blue light from using phones at night causes sleep interruption. Strickland
explains how “TheHomeNetProject” found people that had no prior interactions
on the web and handed out a computer and internet to them in order track their
health in context of having the net. It was discovered that feelings of depression
and loneliness were higher after just the first year. Another study that was done
found that individuals with narcissism had a decreased amount fo depression
and loneliness after spending more time on Facebook. This proves that the use
of social media and its effects varies between every individual. The author
concludes by saying the effects of social media are very complex. Social media
cause people to be strongly influenced and the perception of someone’s body
starts to become more negative over time. None of the theories are actually
proven, but these topics and answers are the most likely explanations.

Yan, Hao. “Automatic detection of eating disorder-related social media posts that could
benefit from a mental health intervention.” Intational Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 1,
no. 1. 1981, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eat.23148.

The abstract explains how the internet allows people to be anonymous,

which makes it more difficult to find the people who need help. There would be a
great benefit in creating something to immediately flag down a post when it is
highly dangerous or concerning. The method, in this article, was to utilize five of
the natural language processing techniques. Two clinical psychologists reviewed
a reddit post that was related to eating disorders. Then, they marked 53 of these
said posts and determined if the post fit into what they considered “in need of
immediate help”. The conclusion states that electronic footprints are trying to be
found more by the mental health field. Technology can greatly help and impact
how fast a concerning post is found. In order for this to happen, social media
platforms would have to agree and be a partnership. It is said that an individual is
more inclined to therapy or help if they know they were specifically called on.