FCD-1L

T1 or Fractional T1 CSU/DSU
Installation and Operation Manual

Notice
This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications. No part of this
publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data
Communications.

No representation or warranties for fitness for any purpose other than what is specifically mentioned in
this manual is made either by RAD Data Communications or its agents.

For further information contact RAD Data Communications at the address below or contact your local
distributor.

International Headquarters U.S. Headquarters

RAD Data Communications Ltd. RAD Data Communications Inc.

24 Raoul Wallenberg St. 900 Corporate Drive

Tel Aviv 69719 Israel Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA
Tel: 972-3-6458181 Tel: (201) 529-1100
Fax: 972-3-6498250 Toll free: 1-800-444-7234
E-mail: rad@rad.co.il Fax: (201) 529-5777
E-mail: market@radusa.com

© 2000 RAD Data Communications Publication No. 170-200-11/00

 Warranty
This RAD product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year
from date of shipment. During the warranty period, RAD will, at its option, either repair or replace
products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to
a service facility designated by RAD. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to RAD and RAD shall pay
shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties
and taxes for products returned to RAD from another country.

Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance
by Buyer, Buyer-supplied firmware or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation
outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or
maintenance.

Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. RAD shall not be liable for
any direct, indirect special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or
any legal theory.

Safety Warnings
The exclamation point within a triangle is intended to warn the operator or
service personnel of operation and maintenance factors relating to the
product and its operating environment which could pose a safety hazard.

Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation and maintenance of this
product. Only a qualified and authorized service personnel should carry out adjustment, maintenance
or repairs to this instrument. No adjustment, maintenance or repairs should be performed by either the
operator or the user.
 Telecommunication Safety
The safety status of each of the ports on the FCD-1L is declared according to EN 41003 and is detailed
in the table below:

Ports Safety Status

V.35, RS-530, RS-449, X.21 SELV Circuit operating with Safety Extra-Low Voltage
T1 TNV-1 Circuit whose normal operating voltage is within
the limits of SELV, on which overvoltages from
Telecommunications Networks are possible.

Regulatory Information

FCC-15 User Information

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of the Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to the radio communications. Operation
of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will
be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Warning per EN 55022

This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in
which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
 Quick Start Guide

Installation of FCD-1L should be carried out only by an experienced technician. If

you are familiar with FCD-1L, use this quick start guide to set it up for operation.
This guide describes the standalone version of the unit.

1. Installing FCD-1L

Setting the Internal Jumpers and Switches

Open the FCD-1L unit and set the internal jumpers and switches correctly for the
chosen interface and operating mode. Refer to the table below for the possible
settings.

Make sure that the power cord is disconnected before removing the unit’s
cover.
Warning

Jumper/Switch Possible Settings

DTE Interface, V.35 (J4, J5)
J2, J3, J4, J5 RS-422 (J2, J3)
GND Connection, JP23 YES - frame ground is connected to signal ground
NO - no connection between frame ground and signal ground
Phantom Power Feeding, Jumper connected - phantom power feeding is available
JP19
Loop Enable, LOOP - enables loop activation
JP16, JP17
TABS - factory use only
CSU POWER, S12 0 0 dBm
1 -7.5 dBm
2 -15 dBm
3 -22.5 dBm

Installing FCD-1L 1
Quick Start Guide FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Jumper/Switch Possible Settings

Mode Selection, S11 Section 1
ON – Nx56 mode
OFF – Nx64 mode
Section 2
ON – loopback timing mode
OFF – internal clock
Section 3
ON – the timeslots allocation is sequential starting from timeslot selected by the
means of S13, S14.
OFF – data is inserted in alternate timeslots starting from timeslot 1.
Section 4 - not used
Starting Timeslot S14;S13 Timeslot
S13, S14 00 Unframed
01 Timeslot 1
.
.
.
31 Timeslot 31
32-99 Not used
Line Code, S7 Sections 1, 2 – port timing
S1 S2
ON ON DTE1
ON OFF DCE
OFF ON Not used
OFF OFF Not used
Section 3 – CTS status
ON – CTS is always ON
OFF – CTS follows the remote RTS
Section 4 – synchronization timing:
ON – according to AT&T TR 62411 (after 10 sec)
OFF – according to ITU-T Rec. G.704
Section 5 – T1 framing mode:
ON – D4 (SF) multiframe
OFF – ESF multiframe
Sections 6, 7 – zero suppression mode:
S6 S7
ON ON Transparent (no zero suppression)
ON OFF B7ZS
OFF ON B8ZS
OFF OFF Not used
Section 8 – enables/disables receiving of remote inband loop
ON – receiving of remote inband loop is disabled
OFF – receiving of remote inband loop is enabled

2 Installing FCD-1L
FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Quick Start Guide

Jumper/Switch Possible Settings

DEBUG, JP7 YES – special self-test mode enabled
NO – normal operation
Baud Rate, S6, S9 S6 S9
00 unframed
01 1 x 64 or 1 x 56 kbps
02 2 x 64 or 2 x 56 kbps
.
.
.
24 24 x 64 or 24 x 56 kbps
25-99 not used
Watchdog, JP5 ON – watchdog enabled
OFF – watchdog disabled
Idle Code, S8 Sections 1–8
ON - "0"
OFF - "1"
Section 1 – MSB, Section 8 – LSB
Switch Enable, JP2 ENA - enable front panel switches
DIS - disable front panel switches
FGND, J26 YES - Pins 3, 6 connected to frame ground
NO - Pins 3, 6 not connected to frame ground

Connecting the Cables

Connecting the T1 Link

FCD-1L T1 link has a RJ-45 eight-pin connector. Appendix A, Interface
Specifications provides the pin allocation for this connector.
➤ To connect the T1 link:
• Connect the T1 link cable to the RJ-45 connector on the rear panel of FCD-T1.

Connecting the User Data Port

➤ To connect the data port:
1. Make sure the pinout configuration set by jumpers J2, J3, J4, J5 corresponds to
the interface in use.
2. Connect the appropriate DTE link cable to the RS-530/V.35 connector.

Installing FCD-1L 3
Quick Start Guide FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Connecting the Power

➤ To connect the AC power:
1. Check that the ON/OFF switch on the FCD-1L rear panel is set to OFF.
2. Connect the power cable to the connector on the FCD-1L rear panel.
3. Connect the power cable to the mains outlet.
➤ To connect the DC power:
1. Check that the ON/OFF switch on the FCD-1L rear panel is set to OFF.
2. Connect the power cable as described in the DC Power Supply Connection
Supplement.

2. Operating FCD-1L
1. Set the FCD-1L power switch to ON. Observe that during the self-test all the
front-panel indicators illuminate. Following the test, all the indicators except
PWR and RTS must turn off.
2. During normal operation, the PWR and RTS indicators must light, and the
TD and RD indicators light in accordance with transmit and receive data
traffic. All the other indicators must be off.
If the equipment connected to the FCD-1L data port is idle or turned off, the
RTS line is not active, and the RTS indicator may turn off.

4 Operating FCD-1L
 Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 1-1
Applications.............................................................................................................1-1
Versions...................................................................................................................1-1
Features...................................................................................................................1-2
1.2 Physical Description .......................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Functional Description ...................................................................................... 1-3
Data Interface Characteristics ...................................................................................1-3
T1 Interface Characteristics ......................................................................................1-4
Selection of System Timing Mode ............................................................................1-5
Control of FCD-1L Operation ..................................................................................1-6
1.4 Technical Specifications .................................................................................... 1-7

Chapter 2. Installation and Setup

2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Site Requirements & Prerequisites..................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Package Contents.............................................................................................. 2-2
2.4 Equipment Needed........................................................................................... 2-2
2.5 Installation and Setup........................................................................................ 2-3
Setting Internal Jumpers and Switches ......................................................................2-3
2.6 Interfaces and Connections ............................................................................... 2-9
Connecting the T1 Link............................................................................................2-9
Connecting the User Data Port.................................................................................2-9
Connecting the Power .............................................................................................2-9

Chapter 3. FCD-1L Standalone Operating Instructions

3.1 General............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Controls and Indicators ..................................................................................... 3-1
3.3 Operating Instructions....................................................................................... 3-3
Turn-on ...................................................................................................................3-3
Normal Indications ..................................................................................................3-3
Fault indications.......................................................................................................3-3
Turn-off ...................................................................................................................3-4

Chapter 4. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

4.1 General............................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 Alarm Indications .............................................................................................. 4-1
MAJ ALARM Indicator..............................................................................................4-1
MIN ALARM Indicator .............................................................................................4-2
4.3 User-Controlled Test Functions ......................................................................... 4-2

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual i

Table of Contents

Loopback Functions.................................................................................................4-2
BER Testing..............................................................................................................4-4
Network-Initiated Loopbacks ...................................................................................4-4
4.4 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................ 4-6
Preliminary Checks ..................................................................................................4-6
Troubleshooting Procedures.....................................................................................4-6

Chapter 5. Card Cage Version

5.1 ASM-MN-214 Card Cage .................................................................................. 1-1
5.2 FCD-1L/R Card Version..................................................................................... 1-3
5.3 Power Supply.................................................................................................... 1-4
AC Supply ...............................................................................................................1-4
DC Supply ...............................................................................................................1-4
Power Supply with Redundancy...............................................................................1-4
5.4 Installing the FCD-1L/R Card ............................................................................. 1-6

Appendix A. Interface Specifications

ii FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

 Table of Contents

List of Figures
1-1. Typical FCD-1L Application....................................................................................... 1-1
1-2. General View ............................................................................................................ 1-3
1-3. DCE Timing Mode..................................................................................................... 1-4
1-4. DTE1 Timing Mode ................................................................................................... 1-4
1-5. Typical Point-to-Point Application Using the Internal Timing Mode ........................... 1-5
1-6. Typical Network Application Using the Loopback Timing Mode ................................ 1-6

2-1. Reaching the Internal Settings of FCD-1L................................................................... 2-3

2-2. Location of FCD-1L User Jumpers and Switches ........................................................ 2-5
2-3. FCD-1L Rear Panel.................................................................................................... 2-9

3-1. FCD-1L Front Panel................................................................................................... 3-1

4-1. Local Analog Loopback ............................................................................................. 4-3

4-2. Local Digital Loopback .............................................................................................. 4-3
4-3. Remote Digital Loopback .......................................................................................... 4-4
4-4. Network Line Loopback ............................................................................................ 4-5
4-5. Network Payload Loopback....................................................................................... 4-6

5-1. ASM-MN-214 Rear Panel .......................................................................................... 5-2

5-2. FCD-1L/R Front Panel ............................................................................................... 5-3
5-4. ASM-MN-214 Front Panel ......................................................................................... 5-5

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual iii

Table of Contents

List of Tables
2-1. Data Port Interface Cables ......................................................................................... 2-2
2-2. Internal Settings......................................................................................................... 2-6

3-1. Standalone FCD-1L Controls and Indicators .............................................................. 3-2

4-1. Troubleshooting Chart ............................................................................................... 4-6

iv FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

 Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1 Overview
FCD-1L is a cost-effective, single-port fractional T1 CSU/DSU for access to the
fractional T1 service offerings, including the AT&T ACCUNET Spectrum of Digital
Services (ASDS), which can also serve as a rate and interface converter. The
fractional T1 service makes unused timeslots on long-range T1 trunks available for
other users. This reduces the cost of high-speed data transmission, because each
user is charged only for the fraction of T1 bandwidth it actually uses on long
distance segments serving multiple users.
FCD-1L provides a synchronous data channel that supports user-selectable
transmission rates. The available data rates are integer multiples of a
user-selectable basic rate, 56 kbps or 64 kbps; the multiplier range is 1 through 24,
corresponding to a maximum of 1344 kbps for 56 kbps multiples, and a maximum
of 1536 kbps for 64 kbps multiples. The user's payload data is packed in the
corresponding number of timeslots of a T1 (1.544 Mbps) data stream, for
transmission over public or private T1 networks.
Applications
Figure 1-1 shows a typical FCD-1L application.

T1
Network
Nx64K or T1 or
Nx56K FCD - 1L Fractional T1 Link

User’s DTE

Figure 1-1. Typical FCD-1L Application

Versions
FCD-1L is available in two versions:
• FCD-1L – Standalone unit, that can be placed on desktops or shelves. An
optional rack-mount adapter kit enables the installation of one or two units in
a 19" rack. Unit height is only 1U (1.75"). The standalone FCD-1L is powered
by an internal power supply that can be ordered for operation on AC
(100, 115 or 230 VAC nominal supply voltage), or on DC (-48 VDC nominal
supply voltage).

Overview 1-1
Chapter 1 Introduction FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

• FCD-1L/R - Card version, intended for installation in the ASM-MN-214 19"

rack-mount enclosure offered by RAD. This version occupies one
ASM-MN-214 slot, and is powered from the ASM-MN-214 power supplies. An
ASM-MN-214 enclosure can house up to 14 FCD-1L cards, with each card
operating as an independent system.

Features
The FCD-1L T1 interface is compatible with carrier provided T1 services, including
ASDS from AT&T, meeting all requirements of TR-62421. It supports both D4 and
ESF framed formats. Zero suppression over the line is selectable for either
Transparent, B7ZS or B8ZS. The integral CSU ensures a range of up to 1 mile.
The digital data port interface is field selectable for V.35 or RS-530. The physical
connector is 25-pin D-type female. Adaptor cables for X.21 and RS-449/422 are
available.
FCD-1L setup and control is by internal jumpers. Front panel switches control all
diagnostics options.
Maintenance capabilities include user-activated local loopbacks at the main T1
link and DTE port.
FCD-1L responds to network activated loops (RLB, LLB). The DTE port can
respond to an inband ANSI FT1 loop code that can be generated from the remote
FCD-1L DTE port. A pseudo-random data pattern (BERT) can be transmitted for
diagnosing the T1 link.
When operating in the ESF format, T1 network statistics are stored in memory in
compliance with the ANSI version. This information may be retrieved by the
service supplier.
The standalone FCD-1L is powered by an internal power supply, that can be
ordered for operation on AC (100, 115 or 230 VAC nominal supply voltage), or on
DC (-48 VDC nominal supply voltage).

1.2 Physical Description

FCD-1L is available as a standalone unit or as a rack-mount card for installation in
an ASM-MN-214 card cage mounted in a 19-inch rack.
Figure 1-2 shows a general view of a standalone FCD-1L. This is a compact unit,
intended for installation on desktops or shelves. The unit height is 1U (1.75"). An
optional rack-mount adapter kit enables the installation of one or two FCD-1L
standalone units in a 19" rack (see the Rack Mounting Kit for 19-inch Racks guide
that comes with the RM kit).
For a description of the FCD-1L/R card version, see Chapter 5.

1-2 Physical Description

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Figure 1-2. General View

The front-panel LED indicators (see Figure 1-2) indicate the FCD-1L operating
status. Various indicators display the T1 link status and user's data port status, and
alert when an alarm condition (major or minor) or test loops are present in the
system. A description of the front panel can be found in Standalone FCD-1L Front
Panel on page 3-1.
The power and interface connectors are located on the rear panel of FCD-1L. A
description of the rear panel can be found in Interfaces and Connections on
page 2-7.
FCD-1L is designed for fully automatic, unattended operation. Its configuration is
determined by a set of internal switches and jumpers. A description of the jumpers
can be found in Setting Internal Jumpers and Switches on page 2-3.

1.3 Functional Description

Data Interface Characteristics

FCD-1L has a synchronous user's data port interface. The data port is terminated in
a 25-pin D-type female connector. The electrical interface is user-selectable via a
jumper: V.35 or RS-530. Two additional interfaces, RS-422/RS-449 and X.21, are
also supported by attaching corresponding adapter cables to the RS-530 interface.

Functional Description 1-3

Chapter 1 Introduction FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Data Port Timing

The user's data port has two timing modes:
• DCE - FCD-1L provides transmit and receive clocks for the user's equipment
connected to the data port. Figure 1-3 shows the flow of timing signals through
the user's data port in the DCE mode.

XMIT Clock

RCV Clock FCD - 1L

User’s DTE

Figure 1-3. DCE Timing Mode

• DTE1 - the FCD-1L data port sends the receive data accompanied by the
receive clock to the user's equipment connected to the data port, and accepts
data from the equipment according to the equipment transmit clock.
Figure 1-4 shows the flow of timing signals through the user's data port in the
DTE1 mode.

Modem XMIT Clock

Modem
RCV Clock
Loopback FCD - 1L
Timing
User’s DTE Tail-End Circuit

Figure 1-4. DTE1 Timing Mode

T1 Interface Characteristics
The FCD-1L T1 link interface is compatible with virtually all carrier-provided
services. The T1 link has a 100-Ω balanced line interface terminated in a RJ-48C
eight-pin connector. Line coding is AMI, with user-selectable zero suppression
(B7ZS, B8ZS, or transparent (AMI) coding). The nominal interface transmit level is
±3V; for FCD-1L, the line signal is adjustable for line lengths of 0 to 655 feet in
accordance with AT&T CB-119.
For FCD-1L, which has an integral CSU, the maximum allowed line attenuation is
up to 36 dB (equivalent to up to 1 mile of typical cable), which allows FCD-1L to
operate as a short-range modem.
For shorter lines, the CSU transmit level can be set to -7.5, -15, or -22.5 dB. Jitter
performance complies with the requirements of AT&T TR-62411.
The interface meets the requirements of AT&T TR-62411, AT&T TR-62421, and
ANSI T1.403. The T1 link interface supports D4 (SF) multiframes (12 frames per
multiframe), and ESF multiframes (24 frames per multiframe). When using ESF
framing, FCD-1L collects T1 line statistics in accordance with ANSI T1.403
requirements, and stores them in memory to enable the service provider to
retrieve these statistics. The multiframing mode is selectable by the user.

1-4 Functional Description

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

In addition, FCD-1L can also operate in the unframed mode. In this mode,
FCD-1L operates as an interface converter, which enables the transfer of
unstructured 1.544 Mbps data streams (or data streams with proprietary framing
generated by equipment with V.35, RS-530, RS-422/RS-449, and X.21 interfaces)
via the T1 network.
The user can select the number of main link timeslots used to carry the payload
data, and can specify the starting timeslot.

T1 Link Timing
The timing of the receive path of the FCD-1L T1 link interface is always locked to
the clock signal recovered from the received line signal. The timing of the transmit
path can be locked to one of the following sources:
• Internal clock oscillator, having an accuracy of ±30 ppm
• The recovered receive clock signal (this mode is called loopback timing). The
maximum tracking range is ±130 ppm.

Selection of System Timing Mode

This section explains the interaction between the user's port timing mode, and the
T1 link transmit timing mode.
• Internal timing mode. The FCD-1L T1 link transmit signal is derived from the
internal clock oscillator. This timing mode is necessary in point-to-point
applications over leased lines, e.g., short-range modem applications, where
one FCD-1L must provide the timing reference for the link. In this case, one
FCD-1L must use the internal oscillator, and the other must operate on the
recovered clock signal. Note that when the internal oscillator is used, the DCE
or DTE1 timing mode should be selected for the user's data port, to
synchronize the user data rate to the T1 link timing.

Figure 1-5 shows a typical system application using the internal timing mode in
conjunction with DCE timing.

Functional Description 1-5

Chapter 1 Introduction FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

DCE Port Link Side

DCE Timing Internal Timing

XMIT Clock

RCV Clock
FCD - 1L

User’s DTE

Link Side DCE Port

Loopback Timing DCE Timing

XMIT Clock

RCV Clock
FCD - 1L

User’s DTE

Figure 1-5. Typical Point-to-Point Application Using the Internal Timing Mode

• Loopback timing. With loopback timing, the FCD-1L T1 link transmit signal is
locked to the recovered receive clock. This is usually the timing mode selected
for network operation, as shown in Figure 1-6. In the application illustrated in
Figure 1-6, the master clock of the network determines the timing of the two
FCD-1L units. In case the T1 receive signal is lost, FCD-1L automatically
switches to the internal oscillator.
DCE Port Link Side
DCE Timing Loopback Timing

XMIT Clock

RCV Clock
FCD - 1L

User’s DTE

Master T1
Clock Network

Link Side DCE Port

Loopback Timing DCE Timing

XMIT Clock

RCV Clock
FCD - 1L

User’s DTE

Figure 1-6. Typical Network Application Using the Loopback Timing Mode

Control of FCD-1L Operation

FCD-1L is designed for fully automatic, unattended operation. Its configuration is
determined by a set of internal switches and jumpers. Front-panel LED indicators
indicate the operating status of FCD-1L. Various indicators display the T1 link

1-6 Functional Description

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

status and user's data port status, and alert when an alarm condition (major or
minor) or test loops are present in the system.
FCD-1L has comprehensive diagnostics capabilities that include local and remote
loopbacks and BERT testing controlled by front-panel switches. Power-up self-test,
and the support of network-initiated line loopback (LLB) and payload loopback
(PLB) further enhance maintenance.

1.4 Technical Specifications

T1 Link Interface Framing options No framing (unframed mode)
24 frames per multiframe (ESF)
12 frames per multiframe (D4 (SF))
Nominal bit rate 1.544 Mbps
Line code AMI
Line zero suppression B8ZS
B7ZS
Transparent (AMI)
Line impedance 100Ω, balanced
Signal levels Transmit level:
FCD-1L - ±3V ±10%, can be attenuated by
7.5, 15, or 22.5 dB
Receive level:
FCD-1L - 0 to -36dB
Jitter performance As per AT&T TR-62411
Connector RJ-48C eight-pin connector
Transmit timing Internal ±30 ppm oscillator
(user-selectable)
Loopback timing Locked to the recovered receive clock,
tracking range ±130 ppm
User's Data Port Number of Ports 1
Interface V.35 or RS-530 interface, jumper-selectable,
with X.21 and RS-449/422 supported by
adapter cables

Technical Specifications 1-7

Chapter 1 Introduction FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Connectors RS-530 interface - 25-pin, D-type female

V.35 interface - 34-pin, V.35 connector
female (via adapter cable)
X.21 interface - 15-pin, D-type female
(via adapter cable)
RS-449/442 interface - 37-pin, D-type male
(via adapter cable)
Bit rates Framed modes - n×56 kbps or n×64 kbps,
where n equals 1 to 24
Unframed mode - 1544 kbps
Clock modes DCE - Receive and transmit clock are
transmitted to the DTE port
DTE1 - Receive clock is transmitted to the
DTE port, and transmit clock is received from
the DTE port
Control signals CTS follows RTS or constantly ON,
user-selectable
DSR constantly ON, unless in test mode
DCD constantly ON, except during loss of
synchronization to link signal
Timeslot Allocation Framed modes User data inserted in alternate or sequential
timeslots; starting timeslot selectable by user
User-selectable idle code in empty timeslots

Unframed mode Bit-by-bit transfer from data port to T1 link

Diagnostics User-initiated Local digital loopback (DIG), towards local

loopbacks DTE
Local T1 analog loopback (ANA), towards
local DTE
Remote digital loopback (REM), towards local
FCD-1L
BER testing QRSS pattern injection (PATT), towards
remote FCD-1L
Network-initiated Network-initiated line loopback (LLB)
loopbacks
Network-initiated payload loopback (PLB)

1-8 Technical Specifications

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Indicators PWR Power indicator

MAJ Major alarm indicator (can be reset by

front-panel switch)
MIN Minor alarm indicator (can be reset by
front-panel switch)
TEST Test-active indicator

ERR Error indicator - test pattern error

SES Severely-errored seconds indicator

RTS State of data port RTS line

(C line for X.21 interface)
RED Red alarm indicator

YEL Yellow alarm indicator

TD Transmit data indicator

RD Receive data indicator

Physical Standalone Unit Height: 44 mm /1.7 in (1U)

Width: 193 mm /8 in
Depth: 240 mm /9.5 in
Weight: 1.3 kg /2.9 lb
Card Version Dimensions: Fits a single slot of the
ASM-MN-214 card cage
Weight: 360 g /10 oz
Power Standalone Unit Supply voltage:
• 100–115 VAC±10%, 47 to 63 Hz
• 230 VAC±10%, 47 to 63 Hz
• -48 VDC (-36 VDC to -72 VDC)
Power consumption: 5W
Card Version 5W, provided by ASM-MN-214
Environment Temperature 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)
Humidity Up to 90%, non-condensing

Technical Specifications 1-9

Chapter 1 Introduction FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

1-10 Technical Specifications

 Chapter 2
Installation and Setup

2.1 Introduction
This chapter describes how to install the FCD-1L standalone model. If you need to
install the FCD-1L/R card version, see Chapter 5, Card Cage Version. After
installing FCD-1L, refer to the FCD-1L Standalone Operating Instructions chapter
for operating instructions. In case a problem is encountered, refer to the
Troubleshooting and Diagnostics chapter for test and diagnostics instructions.

Internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, and repairs may be performed

only by a skilled technician who is aware of the hazards involved.
Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and
Warning maintenance of this product.

2.2 Site Requirements & Prerequisites

The FCD-1L standalone unit is designed for desktop or bench installation and is
delivered as a fully assembled unit.
AC powered FCD-1L standalone units should be installed within 1.5m (5 feet) of
an easily accessible grounded AC outlet capable of furnishing the nominal supply
voltage (100, 115 or 230 VAC, in accordance with your order).
DC powered units require a -48 VDC power source.
Allow at least 90 cm (36 inches) of frontal clearance for operator access. Allow at
least 10 cm (4 inches) clearance at the rear for interface cable connections.
The ambient operating temperature of FCD-1L is 0° to 50°C (32° to 122°F), at a
relative humidity of up to 90%, non-condensing.

Site Requirements & Prerequisites 2-1

Chapter 2 Installation and Setup FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

2.3 Package Contents

A preliminary inspection of the equipment container should be made before
unpacking. Evidence of damage should be noted and reported immediately. The
FCD-1L package includes the following items:
• FCD-1L unit
• FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual
• Power cable for 110, 115 or 230 VAC as per your order
• DC power supply connector kit if the DC version is ordered.

2.4 Equipment Needed

The cables you need depend on the FCD-1L application. Cables terminated in
appropriate connectors provide support for the following data port interfaces:
• V.35 interface: the interface adapter cable ends in a 34-pin female connector
• X.21 interface: the interface adapter cable ends in a 15 pin D-type female
connector
• RS-449/422 interface: the interface adapter cable ends in a 37-pin D-type
male connector.

You can use standard cables or make the appropriate cables yourself in
accordance with the pinout given in Appendix A, Interface Specifications.
However, ready-made cables are also available from RAD. The available cables
and the use of each cable are listed in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1. Data Port Interface Cables

Cable Purpose Length

FCD-1L Setup User Equipment
CBL-HS2V1 V.35 DCE V.35 DTE 1.5m (5 ft)
CBL-HS2V2 V.35 DTE1 V.35 DCE 1.5m (5 ft)
CBL-HS2R1 RS-422 DCE V.36/RS-449 DTE 1.5m (5 ft)
CBL-HS2R2 RS-422 DTE1 V.36/RS-449 DCE 1.5m (5 ft)
CBL-HS2X1 RS-422 DCE, DTE1 X.21 DTE 0.36m (1 ft)

2-2 Equipment Needed

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Setup

2.5 Installation and Setup

The FCD-1L standalone units are delivered completely assembled. The standalone
units are designed for desktop installation, or mounted in a 19-inch rack.
Installation procedures for the FCD-1L standalone versions are provided in the
following paragraphs. For 19-inch rack installation instructions, refer to the Rack
Mounting Kit for 19-inch Racks guide that comes with the RM kit.
The installation instructions of the FCD-1L/R card are given in Chapter 5.

Setting Internal Jumpers and Switches

Prior to FCD-1L installation, you must set the internal jumpers and switches
settings as required.
This section provides information on the functions of the internal jumpers and
switches located on each board, and provides step-by-step instructions for making
the internal settings. Both the standalone and card FCD-1L versions use the same
printed circuit board, but for the standalone FCD-1L it is necessary first to open its
case before the internal settings can be reached. The board is attached to the rear
panel, as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1. Reaching the Internal Settings of FCD-1L

Installation and Setup 2-3

Chapter 2 Installation and Setup FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD: Access to the inside of the unit is permitted

only to qualified and authorized service personnel.
Before opening the FCD-1L case, disconnect the unit from all the cables and
from the power line before removing the power cord.
Warning Line voltages are present inside FCD-1L when it is connected to power. Under
certain conditions caused by external faults, dangerous voltages may also
appear on the T1 link cables. Observe all the applicable safety precautions,
and in particular always disconnect all the cables connected to FCD-1L before
disconnecting the FCD-1L power cord from the enclosure.
Any adjustment, maintenance, and repair of the opened instrument under
voltage should be avoided as much as possible and, when inevitable, should
be carried out only by a skilled technician who is aware of the hazard involved.
Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even after the
instrument has been disconnected from its source of supply.

Caution FCD-1L contains components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To prevent

ESD damage, avoid touching internal components and before moving jumpers,
touch the FCD-1L frame.

Table 2-2 specifies the internal settings. The jumper and switch identity numbers
correspond to the numbers in Figure 2-2.

2-4 Installation and Setup

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Setup

JP2 - Switch JP5 - W.D

Enabled Watchdog
ENA ON Enabled

Disabled Watchdog
DIS OFF Disabled

SWITCH

ENA
DIS
JP2

ON
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BAUD RATE N+ 56/64
2
3
+5V

4 5 6
10 9
F9

S6
MSB

S14 S13 Start TS

1 12 3 4 5 6 7 8

2
3

8
7
4 5 6
10 9
ON
S8 IDLE CODE

S14
-5V
F8

2
3
4 5 6
8
7

10 9

S7
S9
JP7 - Debug

2
3

8
7
4 5 6
10 9
S13

8
7
LSB
YES

JP5
NO

DEBUG
JP7
NO
YES
OFF
ON
W.D

2
3
4 5 6
1 2 3 4

10 9
S12
S11
JP23

8
7
ON
FGND=SGND

Tabs JP16, JP17

YES

NO YES
JP23
LOOP Enable
DTE Loop
Activation NO

JP16
ATE Connector, J1
TABS Factory (Maintenance Only)

PHANTOM
use only J1
JP17

TX OUT
RX IN
LOOP
TABS

PHANTOM- JP19
JP19

Connect to Close
Phantom Feed Circuit
RS422
48V

J2 J3
For Line Repeaters
F1

V.35

FGND
Yes No

J4 J5
JP26

User Port Jumper - FGND JP26

Interface Changer
YES Pins 3, 6 in the
V.35 J4, J5 T1 Link Connector
Connected to
NO Frame Ground
RS-422 J2, J3
Yes Pins 3, 6 in the
T1 Link Connector
Not Connected to
No Frame Ground

Figure 2-2. Location of FCD-1L User Jumpers and Switches

Installation and Setup 2-5

 Chapter 2 Installation and Setup FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Table 2-2. Internal Settings

Identification of Function Settings Factory Setting

Jumper/Switch
DTE Interface, Selection of the DTE V.35 (J4, J5) V35
J2, J3, J4, J5 interface RS-422 (J2, J3)
Note: When changing interface types V.35 and RS-499/422, take care to insert the connectors correctly, leaving no
pins showing outside the plug.
GND Connection, JP23 Enables connection YES - frame ground is connected to YES
between frame ground signal ground
and signal ground
NO - no connection between
frame ground and signal ground
Phantom Power Feeding, Enables phantom power Jumper connected - phantom Jumper is disconnected
JP19 feeding for repeaters power feeding is available
Loop Enable, Enables activation of LOOP - enables loop activation LOOP
JP16, JP17 diagnostic loops via the
TABS - factory use only
DTE port
CSU POWER, S12 CSU - specifies the CSU 0 0 dBm 0 (0 dBm)
output power 1 -7.5 dBm
2 -15 dBm
3 -22.5 dBm
Mode Selection, S11 Selects between N56 or Section 1 Section 1 - OFF
N64 mode (section 1), ON - N56 mode (N64)
loopback timing or OFF - N64 mode
internal clock (section 2)
Section 2 Section 2 - ON
and the main link
ON - loopback timing mode (Loopback)
timeslot allocation
OFF - internal clock
(section 3)
Section 3 Section 3 – ON
ON - the time slots allocation is (sequential)
sequential starting from time slot
selected by the means of S13, S14.
OFF - data is inserted in alternate
time slots starting from time slot 1.
Section 4 - not used
Starting Time Slot S13, Selects the starting time S14;S13 Time Slot 01
S14 slot 00 Unframed
01 Time slot 1
.
.
.
24 Time slot 24
25-99 Not used

2-6 Installation and Setup

 FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Setup

Table 2-2. Internal Settings (Cont.)

Identification of Function Settings Factory Setting

Jumper/Switch
Line Code, S7 Selects the line coding, Sections 1, 2 – port timing Section 1 – ON
frame structure and port S1 S2 Section 2 – OFF
timing ON ON DTE1 (DCE)
ON OFF DCE
OFF ON Not used
OFF OFF Not used
Section 3 – CTS status
ON – CTS is always ON Section 3 – ON
OFF – CTS follows the remote RTS (CTS-ON)
Section 4 – synchronization timing:
ON – according to AT&T
TR_62411 (after 10 sec) Section 4 – OFF
OFF – according to ITU-T Rec. (Fast)
G.704
Section 5 – T1 framing mode:
ON – D4 (SF) multiframe
OFF – ESF multiframe
Section 5 – OFF
Sections 6, 7 – zero suppression
(ESF)
mode:
S6 S7
ON ON Transparent (no
zero suppression) Sections 6, 7
ON OFF B7ZS OFF, ON
OFF ON B8ZS (B8ZS)
OFF OFF Not used
Section 8 – enables/disables
receiving of remote inband loop
ON – receiving of remote inband Section 8 – ON
loop is disabled (receiving of remote
OFF – receiving of remote inband inband loop disabled)
loop is enabled
DEBUG, JP7 Enables a special self-test YES – special self-test mode NO
option for factory enabled (normal operation)
maintenance
NO – normal operation
Baud Rate, S6, S9 Selects the operational S6, S9
baud rate 00 unframed
01 1 x 64 or 1 x 56 kbps 01
02 2 x 64 or 2 x 56 kbps (1 x 64 or 1 x 56 kbps)
.
.
.
24 24 x 64 or 24 x 56 kbps
25-99 not used

Installation and Setup 2-7

 Chapter 2 Installation and Setup FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Table 2-2. Internal Settings (Cont.)

Identification of Function Settings Factory Setting

Jumper/Switch
Watchdog, JP5 Enables watchdog ON – watchdog enabled ON – watchdog enabled
fuctionaling for factory
OFF – watchdog disabled
maintenance
Idle Code, S8 Selects the idle code Sections 1–8
transmission
ON - "0"
OFF - "1" OFF
Section 1 – MSB, Section 8 – LSB
Switch Enable, JP2 Enable the front panel ENA - enable front panel switches ENA
switches activation (Front panel switches
DIS - disable front panel switches
enabled)
FGND, J26 Controls the connection YES - Pins 3, 6 connected to frame YES
of pins 3, 6 (shields) in ground (shields connected to
the T1-LINK connector to frame ground)
NO - Pins 3, 6 not connected to
frame ground
frame ground

Fuses
Figure 2-2 also identifies the location of the fuses that protect the supply lines:
F1 -48V input supply line fuse (0.5A slow-blow) (used only for DC-powered
FCD-1L)
F8 -5V regulated voltage fuse (125 mA slow-blow)
F9 +5V regulated voltage fuse (1A slow-blow)
For the standalone FCD-1L, the fuses are installed on sockets.

Caution Replace fuses only with fuses having identical ratings.

2-8 Installation and Setup

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Setup

2.6 Interfaces and Connections

Figure 2-3 shows the rear panel of an AC-powered FCD-1L unit, and identifies
connector locations.
Fuse

0 1 Power
T1-Link
RS-530/v.35

~230V/ 0.1A T 250V

115VAC/ 0.125A T 250V

Power
Connector

Figure 2-3. FCD-1L Rear Panel

Connecting the T1 Link

The T1 link of FCD-1L has a RJ-45 eight-pin connector. Appendix A, Interface
Specifications provides the pin allocation for this connector. Connect the T1 link
cable to the RJ-45 connector.

Connecting the User Data Port

The user data port of FCD-1L has a 25-pin D-type female connector, designated
RS-530/V.35. The connector is wired in accordance with RS-530 specifications.
➤ To connect the data port:
1. Make sure the pinout configuration set by jumpers J2, J3, J4, J5 corresponds to
the interface in use.
2. Connect the appropriate DTE link cable to the RS-530/V.35 connector. T he T

required adaptor cables are listed in Table 2-1 and can be prepared in
accordance with the port connector wiring information given in Appendix A,
Interface Specifications. RS-530 interface does not require any adaptor cable.

Connecting the Power

For your protection, FCD-1L must always be grounded. Any interruption of the
protective (grounding) conductor (inside or outside the instrument) or
disconnecting the protective earth terminal can make this instrument dangerous.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Interfaces and Connections 2-9

Chapter 2 Installation and Setup FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

BEFORE POWERING UP AN AC POWERED FCD-1L, verify that the socket

outlet is provided with a protective earth contact. If you are using an extension
cord (power cable) make sure it is grounded as well.
Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified
Warning type, as marked on the FCD-1L rear panel, are used for replacement. Use of
repaired fuses and short-circuiting of fuse holders is forbidden.
Whenever it is likely that the protection offered by fuses has been impaired,
the instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any
unintended operation.

Caution FCD-1L is available in models that differ in the rated supply voltage: 115 VAC,
230 VAC, or -48 VDC.
Before first time installation, check that the FCD-1L nominal supply voltage,
marked on a label on its rear panel, matches the nominal voltage available at your
mains outlet.

AC Power Connection
AC power should be supplied to FCD-1L through the 5 feet (1.5m) standard power
cable terminated by a standard 3-prong plug.
➤ To connect the AC power:
3. Check that the ON/OFF switch on the FCD-1L rear panel is set to OFF.
4. Connect the power cable to the connector on the FCD-1L rear panel.
5. Connect the power cable to the mains outlet.

DC Power Connection
➤ To connect the DC power:
1. Check that the ON/OFF switch on the FCD-1L rear panel is set to OFF.
2. Connect the power cable as described in the DC Power Supply Connection
Supplement.

2-10 Interfaces and Connections

Chapter 3
Operation

3.1 General
In this chapter you will find detailed operating instructions for the standalone
FCD-1L.
The information presented in this chapter includes:
• Description of front panel
• FCD-1L operating procedures (turn-on, front-panel indications, and turn-off).

For diagnostic and troubleshooting instructions, see Chapter 4.

3.2 Controls and Indicators

8 9

FCD-1L TD RD

T1 ALARM ALARM LOOPBACK

PWR RTS RED YEL SES TEST ERR MIN MAJ CLR DIG ANA REM PATT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Figure 3-1. FCD-1L Front Panel

Figure 3-1 lists the functions of the controls and indicators located on the front
panel of the standalone FCD-1L. The index numbers in Table 3-1 correspond to
the item numbers in Figure 3-1.

Controls and Indicators 3-1

Chapter 3 Operation FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Table 3-1. FCD-1L Controls and Indicators

Nº Control or Indicator Function

1 PWR indicator Lights when FCD-1L is powered
2 RTS indicator Lights when the RTS input line in the user data
port connector is ON (for X.21 interface -
indicates the state of the C (control) line)
3 RED ALARM indicator Lights when a red alarm condition is detected by
the local FCD-1L
4 YEL ALARM indicator Lights when a yellow alarm report is received
from the remote FCD-1L
5 SES indicator Lights to indicate a severely errored second (a SES
is a second with 320 or more CRC error events,
or one or more out-of-frame alignment (OOF)
events)
6 TEST indicator Lights when a test or loopback is active
7 ERR indicator Lights when an error is detected in the test
pattern (during BERT test)
8 TD indicator Lights to indicate transmit data activity in the
user's data connector
9 RD indicator Lights to indicate receive data activity in the user's
data connector
10 MIN indicator Lights after a minor alarm condition is detected.
Remains lit until the fault condition disappears, or
the CLR push-button is pressed
11 MAJ indicator Lights after a major alarm condition is detected.
Remains lit until the fault condition disappears, or
the CLR push-button is pressed
12 CLR push-button Clears the major and minor alarm indications,
thereby enabling the user to detect the
occurrence of new alarm conditions
13 LOOPBACK DIG When depressed, activates the local digital
push-button loopback on the user's data port, provided the
front-panel push-buttons have not been disabled
14 LOOPBACK ANA When depressed, activates the local analog
push-button loopback on the T1 line, provided the front-panel
push-buttons have not been disabled
15 LOOPBACK REM When depressed, activates the digital loopback
push-button on the remote unit user's data channel toward the
local FCD-1L, provided the front-panel
push-buttons have not been disabled
16 LOOPBACK PATT When depressed, activates the test pattern
push-button generator and evaluator, provided the front-panel
push-buttons have not been disabled

3-2 Controls and Indicators

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Operation

3.3 Operating Instructions

FCD-1L is designed for unattended operation. Internal jumpers and switches, as
explained in the Installation and Setup chapter, control its configuration.
After the internal settings are completed, FCD-1L operates automatically.
Turn-on
Before turning FCD-1L on, release the four LOOPBACK push-buttons.
➤ To turn FCD-1L on:
• Set the FCD-1L power switch, located on its rear panel, to ON.

Upon turn-on, FCD-1L performs a self-test. Observe the following on the

front-panel indicators:
• During the self-test, all the FCD-1L indicators turn on: check that they are OK.
• After turn-on, all the indicators, except PWR and RTS, must turn off.

FCD-1L is now ready for operation.

Note If the internal switches have incorrect or incompatible settings (e.g., the selected
rate is not correct), all the FCD-1L alarm indicators (LOC, REM, SES, MIN, MAJ) will
flash together. Before continuing, it is necessary to correct the internal settings (see
Chapter2 for instructions).

Normal Indications
During normal operation, the PWR and RTS indicators must light, and the TD and
RD indicators light in accordance with transmit and receive data traffic. All the
other indicators must be off.
If the equipment connected to the FCD-1L data port is idle or turned off, the RTS
line is not active, and the RTS indicator may turn off.
Fault indications
If a fault occurs, the MIN and/or MAJ alarm indicators light, and data transfer may
be interrupted. Section 4.2, Alarm Indications lists the conditions that cause major
and minor alarm indications.
To obtain additional information, observe the state of the other indicators, and
then refer to Section 4.4, Troubleshooting for troubleshooting information.
• If a test or loopback has been activated at the local and/or the remote FCD-1L,
the TEST indicator will light. Note that the TEST indicator will also light when a
network-initiated line or payload loopback is being performed.
• The RED ALARM indicator lights when the local FCD-1L detects a red alarm
condition. The MAJ ALARM indicator will also light.
• The YEL ALARM indicator lights when the remote FCD-1L reports a yellow
alarm. The MAJ ALARM indicator will also light.
• The SES indicator lights when a severely errored second occurs on the T1 link.

Operating Instructions 3-3

Chapter 3 Operation FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

If the MAJ and/or MIN ALARM indicator lights, you may cause them to turn off by
pressing the CLR push-button. When a new alarm condition is detected, the
corresponding indicator will turn on again.
Turn-off
Set the FCD-1L power switch to OFF.

3-4 Operating Instructions

 Chapter 4
Troubleshooting and
Diagnostics

4.1 General
This chapter presents information related to the FCD-1L diagnostic functions. The
following information is included:
• Status indications
• User-controlled test functions
• Troubleshooting.

4.2 Alarm Indications

The status indicators are described in the FCD-1L Standalone Operating
Instructions chapter. The following status indications are described below:
• MAJ ALARM indicators
• MIN ALARM indicators.

MAJ ALARM Indicator

The MAJ ALARM indicator lights after a condition specified as a major alarm has
been detected. If the major alarm has been caused by an event which no longer
exists, the MAJ ALARM indicator can be turned off by pressing the CLR
push-button. After being turned off, the detection of a new major alarm condition
will nevertheless cause the indicator to turn on again.
The conditions that cause the MAJ ALARM indicator to light are as follows:
• Detection of a hardware failure
• Loss of T1 input signal
• Excessive rate of bipolar violations (BPV’s) in the incoming signal
• Reception of alarm indication signal (AIS), with or without red alarm
• Red alarm
• Yellow alarm
• Local loss of multiframe alignment

Alarm Indications 4-1

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

• Remote loss of multiframe alignment

• Detection of a frame slip
• Excessive BER (higher than 10-3).

MIN ALARM Indicator

The MIN ALARM indicator lights after a condition specified as a minor alarm has
been detected. If the minor alarm has been caused by an event which no longer
exists, the MIN ALARM indicator can be turned off by pressing the CLR
push-button. After being turned off, the detection of a new minor alarm condition
will nevertheless cause the indicator to turn on again.
The conditions that cause the MIN ALARM indicator to light are as follows:
• Switching to the internal oscillator. This condition will always occur upon loss
of T1 input signal.
• T1 driver failure (loss of T1 output signal)
• Detection of a bipolar violation (BPV’s) in the incoming signal
• Detection of a CRC error
• A network-initiated loopback
• Slip in the buffer serving the user’s data port.

4.3 User-Controlled Test Functions

Loopback Functions
The user-controlled test functions are activated by means of the front-panel
push-buttons. To prevent unauthorized persons from activating loopbacks, the
push-buttons can be deactivated by means of an internal jumper, as explained in
the Installation and Setup chapter.

Analog Loopback
The local analog loopback is activated by pressing the ANA push-button. The local
analog loopback returns the data sent by the local user’s equipment (DTE) towards
the local user’s equipment. The loopback is performed by connecting the main
link transmit signal to the input of the receive path within the T1 link interface, as
shown in Figure 4-1. The test signal is provided by the local DTE, that must receive
its own transmission.
This test fully checks the operation of the local FCD-1L, and the connections to the
local user’s DTE.

4-2 User-Controlled Test Functions

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

Local FCD-1L

User Port Link

Interface Interface

User DTE

Figure 4-1. Local Analog Loopback

Digital Loopback
The local digital loopback is activated by pressing the DIG push-button. The local
digital loopback returns the data sent by the local user’s equipment towards the
local user’s equipment. The loopback is performed by connecting the data port
transmit signal to the input of the data port receive path, within the data port
interface of the local FCD-1L. The test signal is provided by the local DTE, that
must receive its own transmission. Signal paths are shown in Figure 4-2.
This test checks the connections between the local FCD-1L and the local user’s
equipment, and the local data port interface.

Note Local digital loopback cannot be run when working in unframed mode.

Local FCD-1L

User Port Link

Interface Interface

User DTE

Figure 4-2. Local Digital Loopback

Remote Digital Loopback

The remote digital loopback is activated by pressing the REM push-button. This
causes a loopback activation command to be sent in-band to the remote FCD-1L,
thus user’s data transmission is interrupted immediately. Since the code is sent via
the T1 link, the loopback will be connected only if the remote FCD-1L can receive
the activation code. If loopback connection is confirmed, the TEST indicator will
turn on.
The remote digital loopback returns the data sent by the local user’s equipment
towards the local user’s equipment. The loopback is performed by connecting the
remote data port receive signal to the input of the data port transmit path, within
the data port interface of the remote FCD-1L. The test signal is provided by the
local DTE, that must receive its own transmission. Signal paths are shown in
Figure 4-3.

User-Controlled Test Functions 4-3

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

This test fully checks the data link, including the cables connecting the local DTE to
FCD-1L, the remote FCD-1L, the transmission plant connecting the two FCD-1L,
and the local FCD-1L.

Note To check the remote loopback between two point-to-point FCD-1Ls, when the end
equipment is not connected to the channel n x 64, configure switch S3 to set CTS
equal to RTS.

Local FCD-1L Remote FCD-1L

Transmission
User Port Link Plant Link User Port
Interface Interface Interface Interface

User DTE

Figure 4-3. Remote Digital Loopback

BER Testing
BER testing is activated by pressing the PATT push-button. During the test, the
transmit signal from the local DTE is disconnected, and an internal pattern
generator connects a digital test signal to the transmit input of the local data
channel interface. The test signal is a QRSS sequence.
The transmitted data can either be returned to the receive path by means of a loop
somewhere along the data path (e.g., by connecting the local analog loopback or
the remote digital loopback, or by a physical loopback connection), or a similar
sequence can be transmitted from the other end of the data channel (by
simultaneously pressing the PATT push-button at the remote FCD-1L, or by
connecting a test pattern generator). The receive path output signal is connected to
a pattern evaluator. The evaluator compares the received and transmitted patterns
and detects errors. The result is presented by means of the ERR indicator: the
indicator lights when at least one error has been detected during the testing.
This test is used to obtain a rapid qualitative evaluation of data transmission
without using external test equipment.

Network-Initiated Loopbacks

Network Line Loopback (LLB)

The network-initiated line loopback is connected upon the reception of the
appropriate code from the network, and its purpose is to return the received line
signal, after regeneration, toward the network, for evaluation by the service
provider. Loopback connections are shown in Figure 4-4.

4-4 User-Controlled Test Functions

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

Local FCD-1L

User Port Link

Interface Interface

User DTE

Figure 4-4. Network Line Loopback

The activation/deactivation code depends on the port framing mode:

SF (D4) The network line loopback is activated when FCD-1L detects the
continuous transmission of the repeating sequence 10000….. for at least
5 seconds, and is deactivated by the transmission of the sequence
100…... for at least 5 seconds.
ESF The network line loopback is activated when FCD-1L detects the pattern
0000111011111111 on the FDL, and is disconnected by the reception of
the pattern 0011100011111111 (rightmost bit transmitted first).
Alternately, the network line loopback is also activated by the pattern
listed above for SF (D4) framing.
The network line loopback has priority over all the user-controlled loopbacks and
tests, therefore, when a network loopback command is received, the
user-controlled loops and tests are disconnected; they are automatically
reconnected upon the reception of the network loopback disconnection
command.
While the network loopback is connected, the TEST indicator of FCD-1L lights.

Network PLB
The network payload loopback is connected upon the reception of the
appropriate code from the network, and its purpose is to return the payload data
extracted from the frame of the received line signal, toward the network, for
evaluation by the service provider. Loopback connections are shown in Figure 4-5.
The loopback can only be connected when ESF framing is used. The connection is
performed by means of commands transmitted through the FDL port:
• The network payload loopback is activated when FCD-1L detects the pattern
0001010011111111 on the FDL.
• The network payload loopback is disconnected by the reception of the pattern
0011001011111111 (rightmost bit transmitted first).

While the network loopback is connected, the TEST indicator of FCD-1L lights.

User-Controlled Test Functions 4-5

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Local FCD-1L

User Port Link

Interface Interface

User DTE

Figure 4-5. Network Payload Loopback

4.4 Troubleshooting

Preliminary Checks
In case a problem occurs, perform the following preliminary checks:
• Check the configuration of the local and remote FCD-1L units against the
prescribed configuration.
• Check cable connections, and the equipment used on the T1 link connecting
the local FCD-1L to the remote equipment.
• Observe the front-panel indicators and analyze the indications. For description
of indicator functions, see Table 3-1 and Alarm Indications on page 4-1.

Troubleshooting Procedures
If the trouble cannot be corrected by performing the preliminary checks listed
above, refer to Table 4-1. In the order given in Table 4-1, identify the trouble
symptoms and perform the actions listed under “Corrective Measures”, until the
problem is corrected.
If a problem cannot be corrected by carrying out the listed actions, have FCD-1L
checked by the technical support personnel.

Table 4-1. Troubleshooting Chart

Nº Trouble Symptoms Probable Cause Corrective Measures

1 Standalone FCD-1L is 1. No power Check that both ends of the
“dead” (all the indicators, FCD-1L power cable are
including PWR, are off) properly connected, and that
power is available at the outlet.
2. Blown fuse Disconnect both ends of the
AC cable, and replace with
fuse of proper rating.
3. Defective FCD-1L Replace the FCD-1L.

4-6 Troubleshooting
FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

Table 4-1. Troubleshooting Chart (Cont.)

Nº Trouble Symptoms Probable Cause Corrective Measures

2 FCD-1L card is “dead” (all 1. No power to Check that the ASM-MN-214
the indicators, including ASM-MN-214 card cage provides power to
PWR, are off) the cards installed in it.
2. The FCD-1L/R card is Pull the FCD-1L/R card out,
not properly inserted and then reinsert carefully.
The PWR indicator of the card
should turn on.
3. Defective FCD-1L/R Replace the FCD-1L/R card.
card
3 The RED, YEL, SES, MIN, Incorrect hardware Correct the internal settings
and MAJ indicators settings according to Setting the
flash together Internal Jumpers and Switches
in Chapter 2.
4 Red alarm on the local 1. External problem Activate the local analog
FCD-1L loopback. Check that the local
FCD-1L RED ALARM indicator
is OFF. If the indicator is OFF,
the problem is external.
2. Defective FCD-1L With the local analog
loopback activated, turn
FCD-1L on. Check that the
MAJ ALARM indicator turns
off after the self-test. If not,
replace FCD-1L.
5 SES indicator on the local 1. Defective FCD-1L Activate the local analog
FCD-1L lights loopback. Check that the local
FCD-1L RED ALARM and
SES indicators are OFF.
If either indicator lights, turn
the local FCD-1L on with the
local analog loopback
activated. Check that the MAJ
ALARM indicator turns off
after the self-test. If not,
replace FCD-1L.
2. Problems on the T1 Troubleshoot the T1 link
link between the local and the
remote FCD-1L.

Troubleshooting 4-7
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Table 4-1. Troubleshooting Chart (Cont.)

Nº Trouble Symptoms Probable Cause Corrective Measures

6 RTS indicator is off 1. Local user's Check that the user's
equipment is off, or is equipment is powered, and
idle that its RTS line is asserted.
Perform self-test on the
equipment.
2. Defective cable Activate the local digital
loopback, and check that the
local user's equipment
receives its own transmission.
If not, replace the cable
connecting it to FCD-1L.
3. Defective FCD-1L With the local analog
loopback activated, turn
FCD-1L on. Check that the
MAJ and MIN ALARM
indicators turn off after the
self-test. If not, replace
FCD-1L.

7 Local equipment does not 1. External problem Activate the remote digital
receive the data sent by loopback and the BER test,
the remote equipment and check that the ERR
indicator remains off.
If the ERR indicator lights,
troubleshoot the remote
FCD-1L and the T1 link.
2. Problem at local end Perform the activities listed in
No. 6 above.
3. Problem at remote Perform the activities listed in
end No. 6 above on the remote
FCD-1L.
8 No data transmission Data port interface not Re-insert the data port
inserted correctly interface.

4-8 Troubleshooting
 Chapter 5
Card Cage Version
This chapter describes the FCD-1L/R card version, designed for installation in the
ASM-MN-214 card cage. The chapter contains the following sections:
• The ASM-MN-214 card cage
• The FCD-1L/R card version
• Power supply to FCD-1L/R card
• Installing the FCD-1L/R card.

5.1 ASM-MN-214 Card Cage

The FCD-1L/R cards are installed in an ASM-MN-214 enclosure, and use the
enclosure power supplies and connectors.
• Data port connections are made to the 25-pin connector of the enclosure that
serves the slot used by the FCD-1L/R card
• T1 link connections are made to the terminal block serving the FCD-1L/R card
slot.

The ASM-MN-214 card cage contains one or two power supplies and up to
14 plug-in cards. The card types can be FCD-1L/R or other RAD rack version
modems/converters – any combination of up to 14 plug-in cards.
For each of the 14 cards, the rear panel (see Figure 5-1) contains a male connector
for the terminal block and a DB-25 connector. A protection cover protects the
terminal block connectors.
The terminal block (see Figure 5-1) is to be attached to the rear panel terminal
block connectors. It contains screws for connecting the transmit and receive pairs
and ground, if present.
The 25-pin D-type female interface connector provides all interface signals for the
digital interfaces. Modems with X.21 or V.35 interface require an external
mechanical adapter.
Two optional interface attachments, CIA/V.35/1 and CIA/X.21, can be ordered
separately from RAD. CIA/X.21 converts between two adjacent DB-25 connectors
and two X.21 15-pin connectors. CIA/V.35/1 converts between one DB-25
connector and a V.35 34-pin connector.
V.36 modem cards are supplied with a RAD adapter cable CBL 530/449F, which
converts between the DB-25 connector and a V.36 37-pin connector. The adapter
cable and two interface attachments are also shown in Figure 5-1.

12/10/00 4:25 PM ASM-MN-214 Card Cage 5-1

Chapter 5 Card Cage Version FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Terminal
Block

Terminal
Block

CIA/V.35/1

Protection
Cover
CIA/X.21

CBL-530/449

Figure 5-1. ASM-MN-214 Rear Panel

5-2 ASM-MN-214 Card Cage

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 5 Card Cage Version

5.2 FCD-1L/R Card Version

Figure 5-2 shows the FCD-1L/R card front panel. The LEDs and push-buttons of
the card version are identical in their functionality to those of the standalone
device. For this information, refer to Front Panel Controls and Indicators in
Chapter 3.

PWR

RTS

RED

YES T1
Alarm
SES

TEST TD

ERR RD

MIN

MAJ Alarm

CLR

DIG

ANA

REM Loop
Test

PATT

FCD-1L

Figure 5-2. FCD-1L/R Front Panel

12/10/00 4:25 PM FCD-1L/R Card Version 5-3

Chapter 5 Card Cage Version FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

5.3 Power Supply

Power is supplied to the FCD-1L/R card from the ASM-MN-214 power supply via
the chassis. Each FCD-1L/R card has two fuses, which protect the entire system
against power failure resulting from a short circuit in one card.
The ASM-MN-214 card cage can accept both AC or DC power supplies. LED
indicators located on the ASM-MN-214 front panel (see Figure 5-3) show activity
when the power supply is connected to the mains plug. The power supply
supports the full card cage with any combination of cards.

AC Supply
The AC power supply of the ASM-MN-214 is 100, 115, or 230 VAC, ±10%,
47 to 63 Hz.

DC Supply
The DC power supply is -48 VDC (-36 VDC to -72 VDC). It uses a DC/DC
converter module to provide the power required for the cards.
Power Supply with Redundancy
This special ordering option is equipped with two separate power supplies,
operating together and sharing the load of the whole card cage. If either of the
power supplies fails, the other one will continue to supply power to the full card
cage.
Two LED indicators show activity of each power supply. They should both light
when mains power is provided.

Note It is possible to combine AC and DC power supplies in the same cage.

5-4 Power Supply

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 5 Card Cage Version

Figure 5-3. ASM-MN-214 Front Panel

12/10/00 4:25 PM Power Supply 5-5

Chapter 5 Card Cage Version FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

5.4 Installing the FCD-1L/R Card

➤ To install the FCD-1L/R card in the ASM-MN-214 card cage:
1. Install the ASM-MN-214 card cage in the 19" rack.
2. Adjust the jumpers and switches on the card as required (see Figure 2-2 and
Table 2-2 in Chapter 2).
3. Insert the FCD-1L/R card into one of the ASM-MN-214 slots. Push the bottom
of the card into the cage until it is fully inserted into the edge connector inside
the rack. Tighten the screws on the top and on the bottom of each card.
4. Remove the protection cover from the terminal block connectors.
5. Connect the terminal block to the ASM-MN-214 terminal block connector.
6. Connect the line to the terminal block as follows: connect transmit pair to the
terminals marked XMT, the receive pair to the terminals marked RCV, and the
fifth screw to ground (optional).
7. If required, attach the appropriate CIA (CIA/X.21 or CIA/V.35/1) or V.36
adapter cable to the DB-25 connector on the card cage rear panel.
8. Connect the DTE cable to the DB-25 connector, other side of CIA or adapter
cable (depending on your version of the card interface).
9. Connect power to the ASM-MN-214 card cage:
ƒ To connect AC power, connect the power cable to the mains supply.
ƒ To connect DC power, refer to DC Power Supply Connection Supplement
of the ASM-MN-214 Installation and Operation Manual.

The ASM-MN-214 card cage has no power switch. Operation starts when the
power is applied to the rear panel POWER connector. When applying power,
first connect the plug of the power cord to the ASM-MN-214 POWER
Warning connector and then to the mains power source (outlet).

5-6 Installing the FCD-1L/R Card

Appendix A
Interface Specifications

A.1 T1 Port Connectors

The FCD-1L port balanced interface is terminated in an eight-pin RJ-45 connector,
designated T1 LINK, and wired in accordance with Table A-1.

Table A-1. T1 LINK Connector, Pin Allocation

Pin Function
1 Receive Data In (tip)
2 Receive Data In (ring)
3 Shield (frame ground)
4 Transmit Data Out (tip)
5 Transmit Data Out (ring)
6 Shield (frame ground)
7, 8 Not Connected

A.2 Data Port Connector

The data port interface is terminated in a 25-pin D-type female connector, wired
in accordance with Table A-2.

Table A-2. Data Port Connector Wiring

Pin Designation Direction Function

1 FGND – Frame ground
2 TD(A) IN TX data - A wire
3 RD(A) OUT RX data - A wire
4 RTS(A) IN Request to send - A wire
5 CTS(A) OUT Clear to send - A wire
6 DSR(A) OUT Data set ready - A wire
7 SGND – Signal ground
8 DCD(A) OUT Carrier detect - A wire

Data Port Connector A-1

Appendix A Interface Specifications FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Table A-2. Data Port Connector Wiring (Cont.)

Pin Designation Direction Function

9 RC(B) OUT RX CLK - B wire
10 DCD(B) OUT Carrier detect - B wire
11 ETC(B) IN External TX CLK - B wire
12 TC(B) OUT TX CLK - B wire
13 CTS(B) OUT Clear to send - B wire
14 TD(B) IN TX data - B wire
15 TC(A) OUT TX CLK - A wire
16 RD(B) OUT RX data - B wire
17 RC(A) OUT RX CLK - A wire
18 LLB IN Local loop
19 RTS(B) IN Request to send - B wire
20 ERC(A) IN External RX CLK - A wire
21 RLB IN Remote loop
22 DSR(B) OUT Data set ready - B wire
23 ERC(B) IN External RX CLK - B wire
24 ETC(A) IN External TX CLK - A wire
25 TM OUT Test mode

Note 1. When using the V.35 interface, the control signals use only the A wire.
2. In the direction field:
IN – input to FCD-1L
OUT – output from FCD-1L

A-2 Data Port Connector

FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual Appendix A Interface Specifications

Adapter Cables for FCD-1L Data Port

RAD offers adapter cables data equipment to the 25-pin D-type connector of
FCD-1L. Cable wiring and the pin allocations in the user side connectors are given
in Table A-3 and Table A-4.

Table A-3. FCD-1L Channel Interface Adapter Cable – DCE Clock Mode

Pin Direction Designation Function RS-449 V.35

1 ↔ FG Frame Ground 1 A
2 To FCD-1L SDA Send Data A 4 P
3 From FCD-1L RDA Receive Data A 6 R
4 To FCD-1L RTSA RTS A 7 C
5 From FCD-1L CTSA CTS A 9 D
6 From FCD-1L DSRA DSR A 11 E
7 ↔ SG Signal Ground 19 B
8 From FCD-1L DCDA DCD A 13 F
9 From FCD-1L RCB Receive Clock B 26 X
10 From FCD-1L DCDB DCD B 31 -
11 To FCD-1L SCEB Send External Clock B 35 W
12 From FCD-1L SCB Send Clock B 23 AA
13 From FCD-1L CTSB CTS B 27 -
14 To FCD-1L SDB Send Data B 22 S
15 From FCD-1L SCA Send Clock A 5 Y
16 From FCD-1L RDB Receive Data B 24 T
17 From FCD-1L RCA Receive Clock A 8 V
18 N/A - Not Connected - -
19 To FCD-1L RTSB RTS B 25 -
20 To FCD-1L RCEA Receive External Clock A - -
21 N/A - Not Connected - -
22 From FCD-1L DSRB DSR B 29 -
23 To FCD-1L RCEB Receive External Clock B - -
24 To FCD-1L SCEA Send External Clock A 17 U
25 N/A - Not Connected - -

Data Port Connector A-3

Appendix A Interface Specifications FCD-1L Installation and Operation Manual

Table A-4. FCD-1L Channel Interface Adapter Cable – External DCE Clock Mode (DTE1)

Pin Direction Designation Function RS-530 RS-422 V.35

1 ↔ FG Frame Ground 1 1 A
2 To FCD-1L SDA Send Data A 3 6 R
3 From FCD-1L RDA Receive Data A 2 4 P
4 To FCD-1L RTSA RTS A 8 13 F
5 From FCD-1L CTSA CTS A - - -
6 From FCD-1L DSRA DSR A 20 12 H
7 ↔ SG Signal Ground 7 19 B
8 From FCD-1L DCDA DCD A 4 7 C
9 From FCD-1L RCB Receive Clock B 11 35 W
10 From FCD-1L DCDB DCD B 19 25 -
11 To FCD-1L SCEB Send External Clock B 9 26 X
12 From FCD-1L SCB Send Clock B - - -
13 From FCD-1L CTSB CTS B - - -
14 To FCD-1L SDB Send Data B 16 24 T
15 From FCD-1L SCA Send Clock A - - -
16 From FCD-1L RDB Receive Data B 14 22 S
17 From FCD-1L RCA Receive Clock A 24 17 U
18 N/A - Not Connected - - -
19 To FCD-1L RTSB RTS B 10 31 -
20 To FCD-1L RCEA Receive External Clock A - - -
21 N/A - Not Connected - - -
22 From FCD-1L DSRB DSR B 23 30 -
23 To FCD-1L RCEB Receive External Clock B - - -
24 To FCD-1L SCEA Send External Clock A 17 8 V
25 N/A - Not Connected - - -

A-4 Data Port Connector