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    Multi Phase System - Part 1

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    MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIMI MOHD ZAMRI

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    Multi Phase System - Part 1

    Uploaded by

    MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIMI MOHD ZAMRI
    17 views12 pages

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    17 views12 pages

    Multi Phase System - Part 1

    Uploaded by

    MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIMI MOHD ZAMRI

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS

    Prepared by:
    AP Dr Junaidah Jai
    Motivation on Multiphase systems

    Multiphase:
    2 phases (gas and liq)
    at (a point) the same condition

    Single phase system :


    Only 1 phase at a point
    (a condition)

    Example: Phase diagram of single component, water


    Multi-phase
    systems

    Single component Multi component

    PART 1 PART 2
    CONTENT
    q SINGLE-COMPONENT PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
    q THE GIBBS PHASE RULE
    q GAS-LIQUID: ONE CONDENSABLE COMPONENT
    q MULTICOMPONENT GAS-LIQUID SYSTEMS
    Multi-Phase Systems

    ii. Calculation using


    mathematical expression

    Single component
    i. Phase D
    PART 1 iagram

    •Clapeyron equation
    •Clausius- Clapeyron equation
    •Antoine equation

    Objective is to determine vapor pressure, P*


    Boiling point temperature, Tb: along the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve
    Freezing/melting point temperature, Tm: along the solid-liquid equilibrium
    curve
    Sublimation point temperature, Ts: along the solid-vapor equilibrium curve

    Vapor pressure, p*: along with Tb and Ts

    Solid-liquid curve
    Tm is the Melting/freezing pt
    temperature
    above the critical point (Tc & Pc)
    component exist as single phased

    Solid-vapor curve
    P is the vapor pressure of solid (p*)
    Ts is sublimation point

    Vapor-liquid curve
    P is the vapor pressure (p*)
    T is the boiling temperature (Tb)
    Vapor-liquid-solid coexist

    Note: Please refer page 241-242 for detail illustration


    Phase diagram : H2O

    Note: Highlight is on vapor pressure (p*)


    when compound is at T & P of the vapour-liquid equilibrium curve , the P is call vapor pressure P*.

    Note: Please refer page 241-242 for detail illustration


    ii. Mathematical expression method
    •

     Hˆ v
    dp   Hˆ v ln p    B
     RT
    dT T (Vˆg  Vˆl )
    d (ln p )  Hˆ v
     y = mx + c (linear equation)
    d (1 / T ) R

    p* ~ vapor pressure

    T ~ absolute temperature,

    ΔHv ~ latent heat of vaporization (appendix B.1)

    Vg , Vl ~ specific molar volumes of the gas and liquid phases. For low pressure (Vg - Vl = Vg)

    For ideal gases, the equation can be simplified using Vg = RT/p*

    Try example 6.1-1


    Refer Table B.4

    for A, B, C, T (oC) and p*(mm Hg).

    B
    log 10 p*  A 
    T  C
    GIBBS PHASE RULE (DOF) – MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS

    The relationship among DOF, π, c and r is given


    by Gibbs phase rule:

    DOF  2  c    r
    π  number of phase in the system
    c  number of independent chemical species
    r  number of independent chemicalreactions
    DOF  degree of freedom

    Try example 6.2-1

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