Module 6

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

Module 6: Fundamental Identities

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students will be able to


 Learn the fundamental identities,
 Use the fundamental identities to solve trigonometric functions.

Enabling Activity:

1. In a long bond paper, make a list of all the formulas discussed in this lesson. It should be

handwritten.

Discussion:

Reciprocal Identities

sin 𝜃 = 1/(csc 𝜃) csc 𝜃 = 1/(sin 𝜃)

cos 𝜃 = 1/(sec 𝜃) sec 𝜃 = 1/(cos 𝜃)

tan 𝜃 = 1/(cot 𝜃) cot 𝜃 = 1/(tan 𝜃)

Quotient Identities

tan 𝜃 = (sin 𝜃)/(cos 𝜃) cot 𝜃 = (cos 𝜃)/(sin 𝜃)

Pythagorean Identities

sin²𝜃 + cos²𝜃 = 1

1+ tan²𝜃 = sec²𝜃

1+ cot²𝜃 = csc²𝜃

Negative Angle Identities


sin(−𝜃) = −sin 𝜃 cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃 tan(−𝜃) = −tan 𝜃

csc(−𝜃) = −csc 𝜃 sec(−𝜃) = sec 𝜃 cot(−𝜃) = −cot 𝜃

Complementary Angle Theorem

If two acute angles add up to be 90°, they are considered complimentary.

The following are considered cofunctions:

1. sine and cosine


2. tangent and cotangent
3. secant and cosecant

The complementary angle theorem says that cofunctions of complimentary angles are equal.

Example: sin 54° = cos 36°

How can we use these identities to find exact values of trigonometric functions?

Example 1

Find the exact value of the expression

sin² 30° + cos² 30°

Solution:

Since sin² 𝜃 + cos² 𝜃 = 1, therefore, sin² 30° + cos² 30° = 1.

Example 2

Find the exact value of the expression

𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°
𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° −
𝑐𝑜𝑠 45°
Solution:

𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°
Since 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 45°, therefore, tan 45° − tan 45° = 0.

Example 3

tan 35° ⋅ cos 35° ⋅ csc 35°

Solution:

𝑠𝑖𝑛 35° 𝑐𝑜𝑠 35° 1


∙ ∙ =1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 35° 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 35°

Example 4

tan 22° − cot 68°

Solution:

tan 22° = cot 68°, therefore cot 68° − cot 68° = 0

Example 5

cot 𝜃 = −2/3, find csc 𝜃, where 𝜃 is in quadrant II

Solution:

Pick an identity that relates cotangent to cosecant, like the Pythagorean identity

1 + cot²  = csc²  .

−2 2
1+( ) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
3

4
1+ = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
9
13
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
9

13
√ = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃
9

√13
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃
3

The positive square root is chosen because csc is positive in quadrant II

Example 6

Prove the following identity is true

cot  ⋅ sin  ∙ cos  = cos² 

Solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ sin θ cos θ


∙ ∙ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2θ
sin θ 1 1

Main Task:

Direction: Find the exact value of the following.

1. cos²30 + cos²60
2. cot 45 – tan 45
3. sin² 53 + cos² 53
4. cot 20 ∙ tan 20

Direction: Use the given information to find the exact value of the following.
1 √3
1. sin 𝜃 = 2, cos 𝜃 = , where 𝜃 is in quadrant 1. Find tan 𝜃.
2
4
2. tan 𝜃 = − 5 , where 𝜃 is in quadrant 4. Find sec 𝜃.

Reinforcement:

Direction: Verify the following identities.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

You might also like