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    PEU 3301 - Final Examination 2020 - Solution Q5

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    This document contains the solutions to exam questions. Question 5 contains parts (a) and (b). Part (a) involves finding a sum of a sequence using partial fractions. Part (b) finds the inverse image of an interval under a quadratic function.

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    PEU 3301 - Final Examination 2020 - Solution Q5

    Uploaded by

    mufihussain2000
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    This document contains the solutions to exam questions. Question 5 contains parts (a) and (b). Part (a) involves finding a sum of a sequence using partial fractions. Part (b) finds the inverse image of an interval under a quadratic function.

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    This document contains the solutions to exam questions. Question 5 contains parts (a) and (b). Part (a) involves finding a sum of a sequence using partial fractions. Part (b) finds the inverse image of an interval under a quadratic function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    PEU 3301 - Final Examination 2020 - Solution Q5

    Uploaded by

    mufihussain2000
    This document contains the solutions to exam questions. Question 5 contains parts (a) and (b). Part (a) involves finding a sum of a sequence using partial fractions. Part (b) finds the inverse image of an interval under a quadratic function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    PEU3301 – Foundations of Mathematics - Final Examination - 2019/ 2020

    Q5
    6
    (a) Let < 𝑥𝑛 > be the sequence of real numbers defined by 𝑥𝑛 = (2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1) for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.
    6 𝐴 𝐵
    (i) Find 𝐴 and 𝐵 such that (2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1) = (2𝑛−1) + (2𝑛+1)
    (ii) Using the above result, show that the nth partial sum
    6 3
    𝑠𝑛 = ∑𝑛𝑘=1 =3− , for each 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.
    (2𝑘−1)(2𝑘+1) 2𝑛+1
    (iii) Show that the series ∑∞
    𝑛=1 𝑥𝑛 converges. Find ∑𝑛=1 𝑥𝑛 .
    ∞

    (b) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and let 𝐴 = [11, 23). Find 𝑓 −1 (𝐴).


    Solution
    (a) (i) Let us use the method of partial fractions as follows:
    6 𝐴 𝐵 2𝑛𝐴 + 𝐴 + 2𝑛𝐵 − 𝐵
    = + =
    (2𝑛 − 1)(2𝑛 + 1) (2𝑛 − 1) (2𝑛 + 1) (2𝑛 − 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
    So, 2𝑛𝐴 + 𝐴 + 2𝑛𝐵 − 𝐵 = 6 ➔ 2𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 0 and 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 6. By solving the two
    simultaneous equations, we get 𝐴 = 3 and 𝐵 = −3.
    6 3 3
    (ii) Thus, (2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1) = (2𝑛−1) − (2𝑛+1) and
    𝑛
    6
    𝑠𝑛 = ∑
    (2𝑘 − 1)(2𝑘 + 1)
    𝑘=1
    𝑛
    3 3
    =∑ −
    (2𝑘 − 1) (2𝑘 + 1)
    𝑘=1
    𝑛
    1 1
    = 3∑( − )
    (2𝑘 − 1) (2𝑘 + 1)
    𝑘=1
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    = 3 [( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) + ⋯ + ( − )
    1 3 3 5 5 7 2𝑛 − 3 2𝑛 − 1
    1 1 1 3
    +( − )] = 3 (1 − )=3−
    2𝑛 − 1 2𝑛 + 1 2𝑛 + 1 2𝑛 + 1
    3 3
    (iii) ∑∞
    𝑛=1 𝑥𝑛 = lim 𝑠𝑛 = lim (3 − 2𝑛+1) = lim 3 − lim (2𝑛+1) = 3 − 0 = 3
    𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞
    Therefore, ∑∞
    𝑛=1 𝑥𝑛 converges and ∑𝑛=1 𝑥𝑛 = 3.
    ∞
    (b) Note that 𝑥 ∈ 𝑓 −1 (𝐴) ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ Domain of 𝑓 and 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ 𝐴
    ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and 𝑥 2 + 7 ∈ [11, 23) ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and 11 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 7 < 23
    ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and 4 ≤ 𝑥 2 < 16 ⇔ −4 < 𝑥 ≤ −2 or 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 4 ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ (−4, −2] or 𝑥 ∈ [2, 4).
    Therefore, 𝑓 −1 (𝐴) = (−4, −2] ∪ [2, 4).

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