0100MAT102062302

Draft Scheme of Valuation/Answer Key

(Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key)
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Second Semester B.Tech Degree (S, FE) Examination January 2024 (2019 Scheme)
Course Code: MAT 102
Course Name: VECTOR CALCULUS, DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND TRANSFORMS

(2019 SCHEME)
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer all Questions. Each question carries 3 Marks Marks
1 𝑟(𝑡) = cos 𝑡 𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑗 + 𝑡 𝑘----(1) (3)
𝑑𝑟̅
( 𝑑𝑡 ) = −𝑗 + 𝑘----(1)
𝑡=𝜋.

Parametric equation of tangent line 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = −𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝜋 + 𝑡 ------(1)

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
2 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑓 ̅ = ∇ ∙ 𝑓 ̅ = 𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 2 𝑦) + 𝜕𝑦 (2𝑦 3 𝑧) + 𝜕𝑧 (3𝑧 ) = 2𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 𝑧 + 3----(1+1+1) (3)

3 𝜕𝑔 𝜕𝑓 (3)
∫𝑓 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑑𝑦 = ∬𝑅[𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦] 𝑑𝐴----(1)
𝑐

∫𝑐(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∬𝑅[3 + 3]𝑑𝐴 = 24𝜋----(1+1)

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
4 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑓 ̅ = 𝜕𝑥 (𝑦 + 𝑧) + 𝜕𝑦 (−𝑥𝑧 3 ) + 𝜕𝑧 (𝑥 2 sin 𝑦) = 0---(1+1) (3)

𝑓 ̅ is free of source and sink----(1)

5 A.E is 𝑚3 + 9𝑚 = 0---(1) 𝑚 = 0, 𝑚 = ±3 𝑖----(1) (3)
𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 cos 3𝑥 + 𝑐3 sin 3𝑥----(1)
6 A. E is 𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 1 = 0----(1) 𝑦 = (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 ----(1) 𝑊 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (3)
7 1 (3)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 = 2 (1 − cos 4𝑡)----(1)
1 1 1 𝑠
𝐿(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡) = 2 [𝐿(1) − 𝐿(cos 4𝑡)] = 2 [𝑠 − 𝑠2 +16]----(1+1)

8 1 −1 1 1 (3)
(𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)
= (𝑠−1) + (𝑠−2)----(1) 𝐿−1 [(𝑠−1)(𝑠−2)] = −𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 ----(1+1)

9 ∞ (2 sin 𝑤) (3)
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫0 𝐴(𝑤) cos 𝑤𝑥 𝑑𝑤 … … .. (1) , 𝐴(𝑤) = (2)
𝜋𝑤

10 2 ∞ (3)
𝑓̂𝑐 (𝜔) = √𝜋 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) cos 𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥----(1)

2 ∞ 2 1
= √𝜋 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥----(1) = √𝜋 (1+𝜔2)----(1)

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PART B
Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks

Module I
11 a) Directional Derivative = 𝐷𝑢 𝑓(𝑥0 , 𝑦0 , 𝑧0 ) = ∇𝑓. 𝑢̅----(1) (7)
∇𝑓 = 2𝑥𝑦 𝑖̂ + (𝑥 2 − 𝑧 3 )𝑗̂ + (−3𝑦𝑧 2 + 1 ) 𝑘̂ ----(2)
𝑎̅ 2 1 2
(∇𝑓 )(1,−2,0) = −4 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ----(1) 𝑢̅ = |𝑎̅| = 3 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ − 3 𝑘̂ ----(1)
2 1 2
Directional Derivative =(−4 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ). (3 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ − 3 𝑘̂) = −3 ---(1+1)
𝜋
b) ∫ (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 2 (3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡)(− sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡) +
𝑐 0

(2 cos 𝑡 sin 𝑡)(cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡)----(3)

𝜋 𝜋
= ∫02 [−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫02 − sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡---(1+1)
𝜋
2
= (cos 𝑡)0 = −1----(1+1)
OR
12 a) 𝑊. 𝐷 = ∫𝑐 𝑓 ̅ . 𝑑𝑟̅ ----(1) 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3 ----(1) (7)

𝑑𝑟̅ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑖̂ + 𝑑𝑦 𝑗̂ + 𝑑𝑧 𝑘̂ = ( 𝑖̂ + 2𝑡 𝑗̂ + 3𝑡 2 𝑘̂)𝑑𝑡----(1+1)
1 27
𝑊. 𝐷 = ∫0 (𝑡 3 + 5𝑡 6 )𝑑𝑡 = 28----(2+1)
b)
𝜕𝑔 𝜕𝑓
𝑓 ̅ = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑖̂ + 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑗̂ is conservative if 𝜕𝑥 = 𝜕𝑦----(1) (7)
𝜕𝑔 𝜕𝑓
= 1, 𝜕𝑦 = 1----(1+1) 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑘----(2)
𝜕𝑥
(1,1)
∫(0,0) 𝑓 ̅ . 𝑑𝑟̅ = 𝜑(1,1) − 𝜑(0,0) = 1----(1+1)

Module II
13 a) 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 2 (7)
𝑑𝑠 = √(𝜕𝑥 ) + (𝜕𝑥 ) + 1 𝑑𝐴 = √3𝑑𝐴----(1+1)

∬𝑅 𝑥𝑧𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑧√3𝑑𝐴----(1)
1 1−𝑧
= √3 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥𝑧𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑧----(2)
√3 1
= ∫ (𝑧 − 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 3 )𝑑𝑧----(1)
2 0

√3
= ----(1) { Give marks for any alternative method. Example z is taken as
24

function of x and y , z=g(x,y)} (7)

b) Stokes theorem is ∫ 𝑓 .̅ 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∬ 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑓.̅ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠----(1)

𝑐 𝑆

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𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑓 ̅ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2 𝑘̂----(1) 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠 = 𝑘̂ 𝑑𝐴----(1)

𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑓 .̅ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠 = 2𝑑𝐴 = 2𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦----(2)
∫𝑐 𝑓.̅ 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∬𝑆 2𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 2 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 2𝜋𝑎2 ----(1+1)
OR
14 a) Flux 𝜑 = ∬ 𝑓 .̅ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠----(1) 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠 = (2𝑥𝑖̂ + 2𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)𝑑𝐴----(1) (7)
𝜎

𝑓 .̅ 𝑛̂𝑑𝑠 = (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝑧)𝑑𝐴 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦----(1+1)

2𝜋 1
𝜑 = ∬𝜎(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 ∫0 (𝑟 2 + 1)𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃----(1+1)
2𝜋 3 3𝜋
= ∫0 𝑑𝜃 = ----(1+1)
4 2

b) ∫𝑓 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ [𝜕𝑔 − 𝜕𝑓 ] 𝑑𝐴----(1) (7)

𝑅 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑐
−𝑦 2 𝑥 𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕𝑔 −𝑦 2
𝑓 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 , 𝑔 = ----(1) = 1+𝑦 2 , 𝜕𝑥 = 1+𝑦 2----(1+1)
1+𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦

𝑦2𝑥 −𝑦2 1
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 1+𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∬𝑅[1+𝑦 2 − 1+𝑦 2]𝑑𝐴 = ∬𝑅 −1𝑑𝐴----(1+1)
𝑐

= −1 X 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = −1 X 1 = −1 ----(1)
OR
1 1
= −1 ∫0 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = −1
Module III
15 a) A E is 𝑚2 + 9 = 0----(1) 𝑚 = ±3𝑖 ----(1) (7)
Solution 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 sin 3𝑥 ----(2)
𝑐1 = 0.2, 𝑐2 = −0.5 ----(1+1) 𝑦 = 0.2 cos 3𝑥 − 0.5 sin 3𝑥 ----(1)
b) A E is 𝑚2 + 4 = 0----(1) 𝑚 = ±2𝑖 ----(1) (7)
Homogeneous solution 𝑦ℎ (𝑥) = 𝑐1 cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 sin 2𝑥 ----(1)
𝑊 = 2----(1)
𝑦2 𝑋 𝑦1 𝑋
𝑃 𝐼 = − 𝑦1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ----(1)
𝑊 𝑊
𝑥
𝑃 𝐼 = − 2 cos 2𝑥 ----(1)
𝑥
Solution 𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 sin 2𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 ----(1)
2

OR
16 a) AE is 𝑚2 + 2𝑚 + 4 = 0----(1) 𝑚 = −1 ± √3 𝑖 ----(2) (7)

𝑦ℎ (𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑐1 cos √3𝑥 + 𝑐2 sin √3𝑥) ----(1)

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𝑦𝑝 (𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑒 −𝑥 ----(1), 𝑎 = 1----(1)

𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑐1 cos √3𝑥 + 𝑐2 sin √3𝑥) + 𝑒 −𝑥 ----(1)

b) (7)

A E is 𝑚2 + 9 = 0----(1) 𝑚 = ±3𝑖 ----(1+1)

𝑦 = 𝑐1 cos(3 log 𝑥) + 𝑐2 sin(3 log 𝑥) ----(2)
5
𝑐1 = 0, 𝑐2 = 6 ----(1+1)

Module IV
17 a) (i) 𝐿{sin 2𝑡} = 2 ----(1) 𝐿{t sin 2𝑡} = −1
𝑑
[
2 4𝑠
] = (𝑠2 +4)2 ----(1+1) (7)
𝑠2 +4 𝑑𝑠 𝑠2 +4
1
(ii) sin 3𝑡 cos 2𝑡 = (sin 5𝑡 + sin 𝑡)----(1)
2
1 5 1
𝐿{sin 3𝑡 cos 2𝑡 } = 2 (𝑠2 +25 + 𝑠2 +1)----(1+1)
1 5 1
𝐿{𝑒 −𝑡 sin 3𝑡 cos 2𝑡 } = 2 ((𝑠+1)2+25 + (𝑠+1)2+1)----(1)
b)
Convolution theorem is
𝑡
𝐿−1 {𝐹(𝑠)𝐺(𝑠)} = 𝑓(𝑡) ∗ 𝑔(𝑡) = ∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑔(𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢----(2)
(7)
1 1
𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑠2 +4 , 𝐺(𝑠) = 𝑠 ----(1)
1
𝑓(𝑡) = 2 sin 2𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 1----(1)
1 𝑡1
𝐿−1 { } = ∫0 sin 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢----(2)
𝑠(𝑠2 +4) 2
1
= 4 (1 − cos 2𝑡) ----(1)

OR
18 a) 𝐿{𝑦 ′′ } + 2𝐿{𝑦 ′ } + 2𝐿{𝑦} = 0 ----(1) (7)
𝑠+3
𝑌(𝑠) = 𝑠2 +2𝑠+2 ----(3)
𝑠+3 (𝑠+1)+2
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {𝑌(𝑠)} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +2𝑠+2 } = 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2+1 }----(1)
𝑠+2
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1} = 𝑒 −𝑡 (cos 𝑡 + 2 sin 𝑡)----(1+1)
b) 4𝑠+5 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= (𝑠+2) + (𝑠−1) + (𝑠−1)2----(1)
(𝑠+2)(𝑠−1)2
(7)
1 1
𝐴 = − 3 , 𝐵 = 3 , 𝐶 = 3 ----(1+1+1)
4𝑠+5 1 1 1 1 1
𝐿−1 {(𝑠+2)(𝑠−1)2 } = − 3 𝐿−1 {𝑠+2} + 3 𝐿−1 {𝑠−1} + 3𝐿−1 {(𝑠−1)2 }----(1)
1 1
= − 3 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 3 𝑒 𝑡 + 3𝑡𝑒 𝑡 ----(2)

Module V

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19 a) 𝑓̂(𝜔) = 1 ∞ 1 1 (7)
√2𝜋
∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥)e−𝑖𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥----(2) =
√2𝜋
∫−1 e−𝑖𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥----(2)
1 e𝑖𝜔 −e−𝑖𝜔 1 2 sin 𝜔
= ( ) ----(2) = ( ) ----(1)
√2𝜋 𝑖𝜔 √2𝜋 𝜔
∞ 2 ∞
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫0 B(𝜔)sin 𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝜔, where B(𝜔) = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑓(𝑡) sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡----(1+1)
b) 2 𝜋 (7)
B(𝜔) = 𝜋 ∫0 sin 𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡----(2)
1 𝜋 2 sin 𝜋𝜔
= 𝜋 ∫0 [cos (1 − 𝜔𝑡) − cos (1 + 𝜔𝑡)] 𝑑𝑡 ----(2) = 𝜋 ----(1)
1−𝜔2

OR
20 a) Take 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜋 𝑒 −𝑥 ----(1) (7)
2
∞
Fourier cosine integral is 𝑓(𝑥) = ∫0 𝐴(𝜔) cos 𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝜔 ----(1)
2 ∞ ∞
where A(𝜔) = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑓(𝑡) cos 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡----(1) = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡----(2)
1 ∞ cos 𝜔𝑥 𝜋
= 1+𝜔2----(1) ∴ ∫0 𝑑𝜔 = 2 𝑒 −𝑥 ----(1)
1+𝜔 2
b) 2 ∞ (7)
𝑓̂𝑠 (𝜔) = √𝜋 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) sin 𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥----(2)

2 𝑎
= √𝜋 ∫0 𝑘 sin 𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ----(3)

2 𝑘(1−cos 𝜔𝑎)
= √𝜋 ----(2)
𝜔

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