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UNIT 1: GATHERING
Discussion point:
2. Social media has significantly impacted shopping habits by providing a platform
for product discovery, reviews, and influencing purchasing decisions through
targeted advertising and user-generated content.

3.Targeted advertising on social media can be seen as useful for presenting

relevant products, but it can also be viewed as invasive due to potential privacy
concerns and the feeling of being constantly monitored for commercial purposesIt
ultimately depends on individual perspectives and experiences.

Before you watch:

1. Anchor(n) - b. a person who reads the news
2. Founder(n) - d. someone who starts an organization, business,etc
3. Transaction(n) - a. the process of buying and selling something
4. Viable(adj) - c. effective, able to succeed
While you watch:
1. F (… attracting shoppers in Lebanon who want to buy
goods from abroad)
2. T
3. F (On Your Way charges a
fixed amount of six dollars for every successful transaction, plus 7
percent of the order value.)
4. T
A Vocabulary preview:
1. entrepreneur
2. venture capital
3. start-up
4. equity
5. crowdfunding
6. backers
7. tangible
8. philanthropic
C. Global reading:
1.s c, Why is crowdfunding a more attractive way of getting investment
these days?
2. f, How sure can I be that I’ll get that large amount of funding I want?
3. b, What should users do to give their start-up the best chance of
achieving their targets?
4. a, What else, other than a lack of video and updates, can result in a
failed campaign?
5. e, What type of reward should entrepreneurs offer potential
investors?
6. d, The Keep-it-all model is clearly more beneficial, but does it work
for all campaign types?
D Close reading:
1
1. Crowdfunding is a more attractive way of getting investment these
days.
2. It’s possible to get a large amount of funding.
3. That users of crowdfunding are always start-ups.
4. There are causes of a failed campaign other than a lack of video and
updates.
5. Entrepreneurs should offer a reward to potential investors.
6. Keep-it-all campaigns are more beneficial to an entrepreneur.
Campaign type might impact the type of model
2
1. He corrects the journalist’s assumptions in 1, 2, 3 and 6.
2. In 1 he gives a statistic that shows far more money was raised by
venture capital companies than by crowdfunding last year. In 2, he gives
statistics to show the small percentage of projects which raised more
than $10,000. In 3, he gives examples of occasions where existing
businesses have looked for investment on crowdfunding sites, i.e.,
games designers and scientists.
In 6, he states that although keep-it-all campaigns may seem beneficial
to the entrepreneur, they are viewed as riskier by investors so may not
receive the investment required and therefore be less successful.
3
1. geography
2. smaller
3. early
4. network
5. tiers
6. riskier
STUDY SKILLS :Proof-reading
2
The rise of crowdfunding has positively contributed to the economy.
Mollick (2016) surveyed 61,654 Kickstarter projects that had acheived
achieved their target investment of over $1,000 between 2009 and 2015.
He found that, 5,135 full-time jobs had been created by these projects in
addition to the creator’s creators’ jobs. Furthermore, around 4,994 new
companies or partnerships has had been created with around 4,130 still
in operation in 2016. While no further revenue was generated by 30.8%
of projects once their campain campaign had finished, the other 59.2%
generated a total revenue of $3.4bn outside of Kickstarter. This means
that, for every dollar that was bid in Kickstarter, an average of $2.46
revenue were was raised outside of the site. As these statistics represent
just one of the many crowdfunding sights sites and only 30% of the
61,654 projects responded to Mollick’s survey, they demonstrate that
crowdfunding has had a significant impact since it’s its inception.
1. had (been created), was (raised)
2. He found that (no comma), creators’ (jobs), (also could
be it’s vs its)
3. achieved, campaign
4. sites, its
READING 2: Are online “friends” a threat to development?
A Vocabulary preview:
a, Ties(n): relationships or connections with a person or place
b, Nurture(v): to help someone or something to develop
c, Acquaintance(n): someone you know a little, who isn’t a close friend
d, Hyper-connected(adj): always linked to people via technology
e, Narcissists(n): people who admire themselves too much
f, Adolescents(n): children who are changing into young adults
g, Anti-social(adj): showing a lack of care for others or society in
general
h, Empathy(n): the ability to understand or imagine how someone feels
C. Global reading
2, There are advantages to having online friends. (Para 4: So, teenagers
do not appear to be losing their face-toface friends, and the additional
connections provided by social networking have proven to be
beneficial.)
4, Social networking is changing young people’s personalities. (Para 5:
Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not
our friendships, but our character.
D. Close reading
1 b, provide comments on their actions
2 d, learn from a wide range of the other
3 a, a negative impact on our offline behavior
4 c, interacting with friends in a less emotional manner
VOCABULARY
Vocabulary development
1
1. comprised 7. occurring
2. advancements 8. permit (us)
3. seek 9. determine
4. proven 10. eradicate
5. element 11. asserts
6. repercussion 12. disconcerting
2
1. repercussions, disconcerting
2. permits (us) to, distant
3. element, establish
4. are able to, seek, diverse
5. comprehend, gravity
VOCABULARY
Academic words
1
a, differentiate e, modify
b, perception f, aid
c, evolve g, pursue
d, resolve h, empirical
2
1, pursue 5, differentiate
2, aids 6, modify
3, resolve 7, perceptions
4, empirical 8, evolve
CRITICAL THINKING
1
1, Advancements in mobile technology and social networking websites
mean we spend more time online than ever before.
2, The biggest criticism leveled at social networking is that young
people are losing their offline friends to online friends … these
criticisms are generally unfounded.
3, … social networks allow people to have a much more diverse set of
friends.
4, A study conducted by Michigan State University (2010) concluded
that our virtual friendships provide social benefits and improve our
psychological well-being.
5, Professor Larry D. Rosen, in his book iDisorder, presents evidence
that social networking is turning us into narcissists.
6, She has noticed that these devices permit us to have complete control
over our friendships … young people determine who they communicate
with, when and
how … .
7, It appears that people are no longer comfortable being alone … .
8, The impact of being “alone together” is one that should concern
parents.
2
1 S 2 EO 3 R 4 R 5 EO 6 AE 7 EO 8 A
3
Data, statistics and research can provide quantitative or qualitative
evidence that is not biased. However, the strength of the credibility in
part depends on the size of the sample surveyed or researched as well as
when and by whom that data was collected. Data can be weak, for
example, when there are small sample sizes, the research has been paid
for by an organization which makes the research potentially biased, or
the research is dated. Expert opinion can draw on a lot of reading and
research and demonstrate a good, unbiased understanding of the topic at
hand. On the other hand, the expert may have a hidden agenda, for
example, by having financial links with a particular company.
Anecdotal evidence can provide a useful example or “hook” to support
an argument, in the style of a mini case study. However, it is not
provable. It is also easy to think of anecdotal evidence to support any
particular view, whilst avoiding mention of evidence that supports the
opposing view.
WRITING
Writing model
B. Analyze:
1. Often defined as platforms such as Facebook and YouTube, the term
social media most accurately describes the content which people share
via those platforms (Taylor et al., 2015).
2. Since the inception of social media in the mid-2000s, its popularity
has grown exponentially. Sharing content in this way has evolved to
become an integral part of our social fabric, determining the way we
communicate with each other, share and receive news, and work.
3. This essay will therefore examine both the potential positive and
negative impacts of social media use on our physical and mental well-
being and assess their significance on society.
4. Although some of these advancements will no doubt prove to be
positive, understanding any detrimental effects will allow us to pursue
solutions.
2
2, 1, 4, 3 but could also be 1, 2, 4, 3.
GRAMMAR
1
1. Even though mobile phones are necessary for the safety of children as
they allow parents to constantly check in,
too much screen time at an early age can be dangerous
for their health.
2. Although smartphones used in school can distract pupils, they can
very much enhance those pupils’ learning.
3. In spite of the fact that some apps can aid our sleep, smartphones and
other devices are more likely to disrupt our sleep, especially when we
forget to turn them off at night.
4. It is true that the use of social media by employees in the workplace
can reduce their productivity. Nevertheless, the ability to communicate
faster with others increases productivity.
5. Despite the privacy issues that social media raises, the benefits from
using it are far greater.
WRITING
Writing skill
Analyzing essay questions
1
1. evaluate / impact / social media / health / users / today
2. justify / future use / social networking / education
3. outline / social and economic impacts / social media / last decade
4. examine / impact of social media / society / or / business / examples
2
1 today
2 future use
3 in the last decade
4 or
3
1. describe 2. illustrate
3. discuss 4. examine
5. justify 6. evaluate
7. outline 8. analyze