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    Biology CH 2 The Cell Goyal Brothers Prakashan

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    The document discusses cell organelles and their structure and function. It provides definitions of key cellular components and asks questions to test understanding. Examples are given of different cell types and their characteristic features. Diagrams illustrate plant and animal cell structure.

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    Biology CH 2 The Cell Goyal Brothers Prakashan

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    ruma.panja83
    141 views9 pages
    The document discusses cell organelles and their structure and function. It provides definitions of key cellular components and asks questions to test understanding. Examples are given of different cell types and their characteristic features. Diagrams illustrate plant and animal cell structure.

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    The document discusses cell organelles and their structure and function. It provides definitions of key cellular components and asks questions to test understanding. Examples are given of different cell types and their characteristic features. Diagrams illustrate plant and animal cell structure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    141 views9 pages

    Biology CH 2 The Cell Goyal Brothers Prakashan

    Uploaded by

    ruma.panja83
    The document discusses cell organelles and their structure and function. It provides definitions of key cellular components and asks questions to test understanding. Examples are given of different cell types and their characteristic features. Diagrams illustrate plant and animal cell structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Ch 2 THE CELL

    Questions 1. Name the following

    (i) Different cell organelles.—-

    • Nucleus.
    • Ribosomes.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Golgi apparatus.
    • Chloroplasts
    • Mitochondria
    (ii) Organelle associated with cellular digestion– lysosomes

    (iii) Plastid containing coloured pigments- chromoplasts.

    (iv) Infoldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria- cristae.

    (v) Powerhouse’ of the cell.–Mitochondria

    (vi) Kitchen’ of the cell. Chloroplast

    (vii) Organelle called digestive bag-Lysosomes

    (vii) Organelle with a double membrane found in plant cells only.–Chloroplasts

    (ix) Two types of nucleic acids present in a cell.–deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
    ribonucleic acid (RNA).

    (x) Three types of plastids.

    •Chloroplasts.
    • Chromoplasts.
    • Leucoplasts.
    Questions 2. Name the chemical substance(s) found in the following:

    (i) Cell wall—cellulose

    (ii) Chromosome—made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called
    histones
    (iii) Ribosome—proteins and RNA;

    (iv) Plasma membrane—lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and


    carbohydrate groups

    (v) Lysosome—hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases)

    Questions 3. Name the features possessed by :

    (i) plant cells only—

    Ans: The plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole—
    structures not found in animal cells.

    (ii) both plant and animal cells.

    Ans: cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

    Questions 4. Give one example for each of the following:

    (i) Smallest cell—Mycoplasma (PPLO-Pleuro pneumonia like organims)

    (ii) Longest cell–The longest cell of the body is the neuron

    (iii) Largest cell–The largest cells is an egg cell of ostrich

    (iv) Irregularly shaped cell–irregular shaped cell include Amoeba

    (v) Kidney-shaped cell–Guard cells

    (vi) Elongated contractile cell–smooth muscle fibre and Paramoecium

    Questions 5. Define the following:

    (i) Cell: the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms
    and the tissues of the body.

    (ii) Cell organelles: Organelles are special and organized structures seen in living cells.
    Some of the membrane-bound organelles are vacuoles, nucleus, chloroplasts,
    lysosomes etc
    (iii) Prokaryotic cell: Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without a nuclear
    membrane. Certain cell organelles like mictochondria, lysosomes are absent in
    prokaryotes

    (iv) Eukaryotic cell: The cells having a well-organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane
    are termed as eukaryotic cells. The organisms with these kinds of cells are called
    eukaryotes.

    Questions 6. Give the location and the main function of each of the
    following cell components :

    (i) Ribosome: Ribosomes can be found floating within the cytoplasm or attached
    to the endoplasmic reticulum. Their main function is to convert genetic code into an
    amino acid sequence and to build protein polymers from amino acid monomers.

    (ii) Mitochondria: Popularly known as the “Powerhouse of the cell,” mitochondria


    (singular: mitochondrion) are a double membrane-bound organelle found in most
    eukaryotic organisms.

    (iii) Golgi apparatus: as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further
    processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the
    plasma membrane, or secretion. In addition, as noted earlier, glycolipids and
    sphingomyelin are synthesized within the Golgi.

    (iv) Centrosome: The centrosome is the primary microtubule-organizing centre


    (MTOC) in animal cells, and so it regulates cell motility, adhesion and polarity in
    interphase, and facilitates the organization of the spindle poles during mitosis

    (v) Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic


    structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein
    synthesis and lipid metabolism. The diverse functions of the ER are performed by
    distinct domains; consisting of tubules, sheets and the nuclear envelope.

    Questions 7. Find the odd one out, giving reasons in support of your
    answer:

    (i) Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole, centrosome.

    (ii) Golgi bodies, centrosome, centriole, plastids

    Answer :
    (i) centrosome.–found in only animal cell

    (ii)plastids–found in only plant cell

    Questions 8. Distinguish between the following:

    (Ch-2 The Cell Goyal Brother Prakashan ICSE Class-9 Biology Solutions)

    (i) Cytoplasm and Protoplasm—Cytoplasm is all the contents inside the cell membrane
    excluding the nucleus. And protoplasm includes cytoplasm, plus, the nucleus of the
    cell.

    (ii) Nucleus and Nucleolus:–

    Nucleus Nucleolus

    Large in size Very small in size

    Bound by the nuclear envelope It has no limiting membrane

    It contains chromosomes. It does not hold any chromosomes

    It is rich in DNA, the genetic material It is rich in RNA

    (iii) Chloroplast and Leucoplast: Chloroplast is a green pigment which helps in


    photosynthesis whereas leucoplast is colourless which helps in storage of proteins and
    starch

    (iv) Centrosome and Centriole: Centrioles are two barrel-shaped organelles found near
    the nuclear envelope in the cytoplasm of animal cells. The centromere is a very
    restricted DNA region in the middle of the chromosome. The centrosome is an
    organelle in an animal cell that serves as the organising centre for all microtubules

    (v) Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell


    Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

    Nuclear region is poorly developed and nuclear Nucleus is well defined and
    membrane is absent. membrane is present.

    Nucleolus is absent. Nucleolus is present.

    Membrane-bound organelles are absent. Membrane-bound organelles are p

    Questions 9. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

    (i) The term ‘cell’ was given by an English scientist.

    (a) Leeuwenhoek

    (b) Robert Hooke

    (c) Rudolf Virchow

    Answer : (b) Robert Hooke

    (ii) Cytoplasm and nucleus together constitute

    (a) Protoplasm

    (b) Chromosomes

    (c) Cell organelles

    Answer : (a) Protoplasm

    (iii) Viruses are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic because these are

    (a) Microscopic

    (b) Non-living
    (c) Acellular

    Answer : (c) Acellular

    (iv) The outermost covering of animal cell is

    (a) Permeable

    (b) Semipermeable

    (c) Impermeable

    Answer : (b) Semipermeable

    Questions 10. What is cell theory? Name the scientists who formulated it.

    Answer : the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and
    that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum
    of those of its cells cell theory was proposed by Theodor Schwann in 1839

    Questions 11. The cell shape is often related to the function which the cell
    performs. Give two examples in support of your answer.

    Answer : Shape of cells play important role in determining their functions. Some
    examples are as follows: (i) Nerve cell is long and branched. The large length of nerve
    cell makes it carry messages over long distances in the body.

    Questions 12. Write about the structure and function of nucleus.

    Answer :The cell nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that contains a cell’s


    hereditary information and controls its growth and reproduction. It is the command
    center of a eukaryotic cell and is usually the most notable cell organelle in both size
    and function.

    Questions 13. Draw a labelled diagram to show cell structure in plants.


    Questions 14. Drawn labelled diagram to show cell structure in animals.

    Answer :

    Questions 15. The following diagrams represent cells from cheek lining and
    a plant:

    Label the parts against the indicated alphabets/numbers :


    Answer :

    Part A: 1.Cell wall, 2. Cell Membrane 3.Platid 4.Vacuole 5Nucleus

    Part B:- A. Cell Membrane, B. Nucleus, C. Cytoplasm

    Questions 16. Observe the figure shown below and answer the following :

    (i) What does this figure represent?

    (ii) Mention the role performed by this structure in the cell.


    (iii) Label the parts marked 1-4

    Answer :

    (i) mitochondrion

    (ii) Energy Production

    (iii) outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae and matrix.

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