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    Pokus NG Pandiwa

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    alvinatan5
    The document discusses different verbal affixes in Tagalog that indicate the focus of an action. It covers affixes that indicate the actor, object/goal, location, beneficiary, instrument used, causative focus using i- affixes, and directional focus using -an, -han, -in, -hin affixes. Examples are provided to illustrate how each affix is used to change the focus of the verb in the sentence.

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    Pokus NG Pandiwa

    Uploaded by

    alvinatan5
    185 views5 pages
    The document discusses different verbal affixes in Tagalog that indicate the focus of an action. It covers affixes that indicate the actor, object/goal, location, beneficiary, instrument used, causative focus using i- affixes, and directional focus using -an, -han, -in, -hin affixes. Examples are provided to illustrate how each affix is used to change the focus of the verb in the sentence.

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    pokus ng pandiwa

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    The document discusses different verbal affixes in Tagalog that indicate the focus of an action. It covers affixes that indicate the actor, object/goal, location, beneficiary, instrument used, causative focus using i- affixes, and directional focus using -an, -han, -in, -hin affixes. Examples are provided to illustrate how each affix is used to change the focus of the verb in the sentence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    185 views5 pages

    Pokus NG Pandiwa

    Uploaded by

    alvinatan5
    The document discusses different verbal affixes in Tagalog that indicate the focus of an action. It covers affixes that indicate the actor, object/goal, location, beneficiary, instrument used, causative focus using i- affixes, and directional focus using -an, -han, -in, -hin affixes. Examples are provided to illustrate how each affix is used to change the focus of the verb in the sentence.

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    Pokus ng Pandiwa

    A. Aktor

    The verbal affixes that indicate that the actor, doer, or the originator of the action is in focus are
    -um-, mag-, mang-, and ma-.

    [The baker made some bread.]

    Verb Affix Verb Subject Object


    -um- Gumawa ang panadero ng tinapay.
    [(You) sell some vegetables.]

    Verb Affix Verb Subject Object


    mag- Magbili ka ng gulay.
    [You catch some mice.]

    Verb Affix Verb Subject Object


    mang- Manghuli kayo ng daga.
    [You sleep.]

    Verb Affix Verb Subject Object


    ma- Matulog kayo.
    As observed earlier, each of these focus affixes follow unique ways of inflecting the aspect.

    B. Layon (Object or Goal )

    Verbal affixes that indicate that the subject of the sentence is the object or goal of the action
    include the suffixes -in and -an and the prefix i-.

    [(You) hammer the nail.]

    Verb Affix Verb Actor Object (subject)


    -in Pukpukin mo ang pako.
    [(You) wash the car.]

    Verb Affix Verb Actor Object (subject)


    -an Hugasan mo ang kotse.
    [(You) write the story.]

    Verb Affix Verb Actor Object (subject)


    -l Isulat mo ang kuwento.
    The -in Object-Focus Suffix
    The neutral form of the -in verb is formed by suffixing -in to the verb root.

    Neutral alis + in alisin


    basa + in basahin
    If the root ends in a vowel, -hin is suffixed to the root rather than -in. With the addition of the
    suffix -in there is also a shift in stress to the next syllable toward the end of the word.

    The completed aspect is formed by placing -in before the first vowel of the root.

    Completed in + alis inalis


    in + basa binasa
    In the incompleted aspect, the first syllable of the root is reduplicated and then the infix is
    inserted before the first vowel of the base.

    Incompleted in + alis in + basa


    aalis1 babasa1
    inaalis2 binabasa2
    1
    Reduplicate first consonant-vowel

    2
    Then insert -in- before first vowel

    The -I Object-Focus Prefix

    The neutral aspect of the i- verb is formed by prefixing i- to the verb root. To this neutral form,
    insert the infix -in- before the first vowel of the root and the completed aspect is formed. If
    instead the first (consonant)-vowel of the neutral form is reduplicated, the contemplated aspect
    is formed. If the first (consonant)-vowel of the neutral form is reduplicated and then the infix -in-
    is inserted before the first vowel of this reduplicated syllable, the incompleted aspect is formed.

    Root abot tapon


    Neutral iabot itapon
    Completed iniabot5,* itinapon5
    Contemplated iaabot6 itatapon6
    Incompleted iniaabot7,* itinatapon7
    5
    To the neutral form, insert -in before the first vowel of root

    6
    Reduplicate first (C)V- of root in the neutral forms

    7
    Reduplicate first (C)V- of root, then insert -in before first vowel of reduplicated syllable

    Remember that the infix -in- becomes ni- before vowels and the consonants h, y, n, l.
    *
    C. Lokatibo (location)

    The verbal affixes that indicate that the subject is the location of the action or that the action is
    done toward that direction include -in, -an, and pag...an.

    Locative Affix Verb Actor Locative Subject


    -an Punasan mo ang mesa.
    -in Balibagin mo ang mangga.
    pag...an Pagsabihan mo si Belen.
    -An and -in follow a consonant sound, and -han and -hin a vowel sound. There is also an
    accompanying shift in stress to the next syllable with the addition of the suffix.

    punas + an balibag + in pag + sabi + an


    Neutral punasan balibagin pagsabihan
    Completed pinunasan binalibag pinagsabihan
    Contemplated pupunasan babalibagin pagsasabihan
    Incompleted pinupunasan binabalibag pinagsasabihan
    A couple of things to note: The locative suffix -in is dropped in the completed aspect, and the
    incompleted aspect infix -in- is inserted in the reduplicated CV in both the -an and -in verbs.

    If the verb has a directional meaning, for example, balibag (throw something at), the focus of
    the verb is sometimes referred to as "source" or "goal" depending on the direction of the
    action.

    D. Benepaktibo

    The verbal affixes that indicate that the beneficiary of the action is the subject are generally i-
    or ipag-.

    [You buy a pair of shoes for Mother.]

    Verb Actor Beneficiary-Subject Goal/Object


    i- Ibili mo ang Nanay ng sapatos.
    [You wash clothes for the sick one.]

    Verb Actor Beneficiary-Subject Goal/Object


    ipag- Ipaglaba mo ang maysakit ng damit.
    The ipag- verbs behave like the i- verbs except that the -in- or the indicator of the action
    started is infixed in the prefix rather than in the root.

    Neutral ipagluto ibili


    Completed ipinagluto ibinili
    Contemplated ipagluluto ibibili
    Incompleted ipinagluluto ibinibili

    E. Gamit (Instrument)

    The verbal affix that refers to anything used or acted upon to bring about the action as subject
    is ipang-, usually shortened to i-.

    [You use the knife to cut the mango.]

    Verb Actor Instrument-Subject Goal


    ipang- Ipanghiwa mo ang kutsilyo ng mangga.
    The ipang-verb is inflected in the same manner as the ipag- verb. In addition, its final nasal
    undergoes the same sound changes mang- undergoes.

    ipang + tahi
    Neutral ipangtahi, ipanahi
    Completed ipinangtahi, ipinanahi
    Contemplated ipangtatahi, ipananahi
    Incompleted ipinangtatahi, ipinananahi

    F. Kosatibong pokus (causative)

    Nagpapahayag ng sanhi ng kilos ng pandiwa. Bakit?

    [ i-, ika-, ikina- ]

    Ikinalungkot ng bata ang hindi nila pagkikitang mag-anak.

    G. Direksyunal (direction going to)

    Direksyon ng kilos ng pandiwa. “tungo saan/kanino”

    [-an, -han, -in, -hin]

    Actor
    Layon
    Lokatibo
    Benepaktibo
    Gamit
    Kosatibo i-, ika-, ikina-
    direksyunal -an, -han, -in, -hin

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