IMRAD

RUFAIDA COLLEGE OF NURSING
JAMIA HAMDARD
ASSIGNMENT ON
RESEARCH ARTICLE IMRAD FORMAT
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MS. SABA HASHMI MS. UMME RUMAN
NURSING TUTOR M.SC NURSING 1ST YR
RCON RCON
Analysis of resilience to stress in adolescents students during the COVID-19 pandemic
INTRODUCTION
Stress is a condition of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation, often referred
to as pressure.1 According to Weinberg and Gould, stress is characterized by an imbalance
between physical and psychological demands.2 There are three types, namely neustress,
distress, and eustress. Neustress is a neutral type that does not cause any consequences for the
recipient. Meanwhile, distress and eustress have negative and positive effects on the recipient
respectively.3 Various factors contribute to resilience including individual skills such as
cognitive abilities, self-concept, self-confidence, and social skills. Family support comprising
parental treatment and time-sharing as well as participation in community activities also play
vital roles.4 Previous studies showed that resilience.
METHODS
This was an analytic study conducted with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted
of high school students in the Jabodetabek area (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi).
The samples, selected using random cluster sampling comprised adolescents from 22 MAN
(Madrasah Aliyah Nageri) who met exclusion and inclusion criteria, totally 238 based on the
Lemeshow formula.
RESULTS
Based on the results, the majority of the respondents were women (172 or 72.27%), and
residing in Tangerang, (74 or 31.09). Additionally most of the respondents had no family
infected with COVID-19, (209 or 87.82%), and 130 people (54.62%) engage in online
learning for 3-6 hours.
DISCUSSION
Based on the results, the majority of respondents were female, residing in Tangerang, had two
relatives, did not have medical personnel as family members, had no family members
infected with COVID-19, and engaged in online learning for 3-6 hours. The differences in the
characteristics compared to other studies may be attributed to the pattern of distributing
questionnaires. In this study, the questionnaires were distributed online through social media,
both randomly and systematically, thereby increasing the likelihood of respondents with the
above-mentioned characteristics.
The effect of exercise on anxiety in the elderly worldwide: a systematic review and
metaanalysis.
INTRODUCTION
Physical activity and exercise are among the most important, simplest, and cheapest
approaches to anxiety treatment, especially for the elderly. Their positive effects on
improvement of mental disorders in the elderly have attracted a considerable level of
attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of sport on
reducing anxiety in the elderly using meta‑analysis.
METHODS
n this study, national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc,
Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to
find studies published electronically from 1999 to 2019. Heterogeneity between the collected
studies was determined using the Cochran’s test (Q) and I2. Due to presence of
heterogeneity, the random effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean
difference of sport test scores obtained from the measurement of anxiety reduction among the
elderly, between the intervention group before and after the test.
RESULTS
In this metaanalysis and systematic review, 19 papers finally met the inclusion criteria. The
overall sample size of all collected studies for the meta‑analysis was 841 s. Mean anxiety
score before and after intervention were 38.7 ± 5.6 33.7 ± 3.4 respectively, denoting a
decrease in anxiety score after intervention
DISCUSSION
Results of this study indicates that sport significantly reduces anxiety in the elderly.
Therefore, a regular program can be considered as a part of elderly care program.
Evaluating the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour and motor perception training on
the symptoms of attention deficit, cognitive avoidance and working memory of female
students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
INTRODUCTION
Attention deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental
disorders that is observed in early childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the
effectiveness of dialectical behaviour and cognitive motor training on attention deficit,
cognitive avoidance and working memory in female students with attention deficit/
hyperactivity disorder.
METHODS
The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest design. The statistical
population consisted of 257 elementary school girls with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder and resident in district 2 of Tehran. Each meeting was given to participants. Data
were collected using Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, Attention Deficit Disorder Scale
and Wechsler Working Memory Test. Dialectical behavioral therapy sessions were held in 10
sessions and 12 sessions of cognitive and motor training were held in 12 one-hour sessions
each week. For dialectical behavior therapy sessions, protocol therapy (Linehan, 1993) and
McGinn Cognition and Motor Training (1970) were used. Data were analyzed using
multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS 27 software.
RESULTS
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and
control groups of cognitive avoidance, attention deficit and working memory including
cognitive avoidance (P=0.672, F=0.40), attention deficit (F=0.04, P=0.442), working memory
(P=0.477, F=0.75).
DISCUSSION
It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between dialectical behavior
therapy and cognitive and motor training on cognitive avoidance, attention deficit
and working memory.
Characteristics of seekers of couple therapy for alcohol use or gambling disorder
INTRODUCTION
This study examined characteristics of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) or
gambling disorder (GD) who were seeking couple therapy based on screening data from a
randomized controlled trial on Congruence Couple Therapy at 2 out-patient addiction service
sites in Alberta.
METHODS
Screening data of couple therapy seekers (N=171) were analyzed.
RESULTS
Seekers cited various motivations for seeking couple therapy including addiction-related
relationship breaches and issues, the desire to recover from addiction together, concerns for
the well-being of their children, and the lack of available couple therapy in addiction services
until this trial. Significantly more females than males were first to indicate interest, and 77%
of the sample had attended other treatment and mutual help programs in the past 12 months.
The majority of the treatment seekers met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for AUD and/or GD
scoring in the moderate-severe range with nearly half of the seekers reporting a mental health
diagnosis at least once in their lifetime. In addition, 30% of treatment-seekers reported past-
year suicidal thoughts, citing their own addiction and their partners' addiction as reasons and
57% of those individuals reported having a method/plan to carry out their suicide. Suicidal
attempts in the past year was 8% based on the entire sample. Finally, 19% of treatment
seekers reported experiencing intimate partner violence within the past 12 months.
DISCUSSION
Addiction and couple relationship problems are closely connected. Despite the serious
multiple concurrent concerns of seekers identified in this study, there is a general lack of
couple therapy availability in addiction services. This study highlights the importance for
addiction and mental health professionals to note the complex interaction of couple distress
and addiction, understand couple therapy as a treatment modality, and make timely referrals
for this vulnerable group.
Stress and coping strategies among management and science university students
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to explore the associated factors related to causes of stress and coping
strategies among university students.
METHODS
As a focus group discussion, it was universal sampling, conducted among 39 of Medical
Science and Biomedicine students on their second semester from Management and Science
University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia. Three issues were discussed: firstly, how they
define the stress; secondly, what the most important causes of stress in their life are; and
thirdly, how they cope with stress. Verbal consent was obtained from all participants. Due to
the small sample size, the data was analyzed manually.
RESULTS
Total of participants were 39 students, their age ranged from 21 to 26 years. Seventeen
(43.6%) of the students were 21 years old and the majority were female 31 (79.5%). The
most important causes of stress reported by the students were financial, lack of sleep, and
family problems. In terms of coping with stress, the students were able to describe a variety
of strategies to cope with their stressful situations. These included counseling services, doing
meditation, sharing of problems, getting adequate sleep, and going out with friends.
Conclusion: Most of the students defined stress as "a mental condition". Lack of sleep,
financial, and family problems were the most causes of stress among students. The students
were able to identify some strategies to cope with stress.
DISCUSSION
Most of the students defined stress as "a mental condition". Lack of sleep, financial, and
family problems were the most causes of stress. Students were able to identify some
strategies to cope with stress such as meditation, enough sleeping, going out with the friends
and counseling. Students require attending sessions to assist in improving their life and
coping with stress such as time management and other stress related issues. Providing
students with meaningful programs that assist in recognizing stress and identifying effective
stress management strategies and also building programs about how to manage time will be
important. Providing students with a first year course that addresses some of the issues
pertaining to the experience of first year student will assist students to manage their stress.

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