EXERCISES 4: INTEGRAL

1. Use the Midpoint Rule with the given value of to approximate the
integral. Round the answer to four decimal places

n = 4 and n = 6
 4−1
∆𝑥 = = 0,5
6
So the endpoints are 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2, 3, 7/2, and 4, and the midpoints are
5/4, 7/4, 9/4, 11/4, 13/4 and 15/4.

4 6

න 𝑥 3 + 1𝑑𝑥 ≈ ෍ 𝑓𝑥ҧ𝑖 ∆𝑥 =
1 𝑖=1

3 3 3 3 3 3
1 5 7 9 11 13 15
+1+ +1+ +1+ +1+ +1+ +1
2 4 4 4 4 4 4

≈ 12,8516
2. Find the indefinite integral 1
න 3
𝑑𝑡
5𝑡 + 4

1 −3
−1
= න 5𝑡 + 4 𝑑 5𝑡 + 4 = 2
+𝐶
5 10 5𝑡 + 4

cos x 1
 1 + sin x
dx = ? න 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −2
𝑑 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 2 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥
න4 𝑑𝑥 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 2 ⇒ du = dx
𝑥+2
𝑥 𝑢−2 3/4
1
−4
න4 𝑑𝑥 = න 1/4 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − 2 න 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑥+2 𝑢

7 3
4 𝑥+2 4 8 𝑥+2 4
= − +𝐶
7 3
  sin  t cos  tdt = ?
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜋𝑡
න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑡𝑑(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑡) = +𝐶
𝜋 2𝜋

𝑥2
න 𝑑𝑥 Let 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 ⇒ du = −dx
1−𝑥

𝑥2 1−𝑢 2
1 − 2𝑢 + 𝑢2
න 𝑑𝑥 = − න 𝑑𝑢 = − න 𝑑𝑢
1−𝑥 𝑢1/2 𝑢1/2

1 2𝑢 𝑢2
= − න 1/2 𝑑𝑢 + න 1/2 𝑑𝑢 − න 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 𝑢
𝑢2

3 5
4 1−𝑥 2 2 1−𝑥 2
= − −2 1−𝑥+𝐶
3 5
3. Evaluate the definite integral

2 2 2
7 7
1 8
න 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 − 1 𝑑 𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥−1 =0
0 0 8 0

7 7
1 1 2 3
න 4 + 3𝑥 2 𝑑(3𝑥 + 4) = 4 + 3𝑥 2 = 26
0 3 9 0

1 1
1 3 5 3
1 182
න 1 + 2𝑥 𝑑 1 + 2𝑥 = 1 + 2𝑥 3 6 =
0 6 36 0
9
 2 0 2
න 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−1 −1 0
0 2
−7
= න 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 − න 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
−1 0 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Because 𝑓 𝑥 = is an odd function. So, I = 0 when x = [−1; 1]
1+𝑥 2
 x 0 π
Let 𝑡 = 𝜋 − 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑑𝑥
t π 0

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = sin 𝜋 − 𝑥 = sin 𝑡 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = − cos 𝜋 − 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡

0 𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 − 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐼 = −න 2
𝑑𝑡 = න 2
𝑑𝑡 − න 2
𝑑𝑡
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡
𝜋 0 0

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 −𝜋 𝑑(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)
⇒ 2𝐼 = න 2 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝐼 = න 2 𝑑𝑡 = න
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
0 0 0

−𝜋 𝜋
𝜋2
𝐼= arctan(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) 0 =
2 4
4. Find the indefinite integral

= න 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 + න 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝐼1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑥 2 − 2 න 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶1

𝐼2 = 2 න 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶2

⇒ 𝐼 = ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶
 1
Let 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3θ ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃𝑑𝜃, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝜃
2

1 2𝜃 3
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3θ − න 𝑒 2𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃𝑑𝜃
2 2
1
Let k = cos3θ ⇒ 𝑑𝑘 = −3𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃𝑑𝜃, 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑒 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ⇒ 𝑙 = 𝑒 2𝜃
2

1 2𝜃 3 1 2𝜃 3
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3θ − 𝑒 cos3θ + න 𝑒 2𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃𝑑𝜃
2 2 2 2

13 1 2𝜃 3 2𝜃 2 2𝜃 3 2𝜃
⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3θ − 𝑒 cos3θ ⇒ I = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3θ − 𝑒 cos3θ + 𝐶
4 2 4 13 13
 4
Let 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑡 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑡
16𝑡 2 +1

4𝑡 4 2
𝐼 = 𝑡. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑡 − න 2
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑡 − න 2
𝑑(16𝑡 + 1)
16𝑡 + 1 32(16𝑡 + 1)
1
𝐼 = 𝑡. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑡 − ln 16𝑡 2 + 1 + 𝐶
8

𝑑𝑥 −1
Substitute 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 1 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = ⇒𝑣=
1+2𝑥 2 2(1+2𝑥)

−𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 1 + 2𝑥 −𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 1 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
𝐼= +න 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑒 = +𝐶
2(1 + 2𝑥) 2(1 + 2𝑥) 2(1 + 2𝑥) 4 8𝑥 + 4
 2 2
Substitute 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑥
𝑥

= 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 2 − 2 න 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

1
Substitute 𝑘 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑘 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑤 = 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑤 = 𝑥
𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶

 𝜋
1 𝜋 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝜃2 ⇒ න 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − −
2 4 2
𝜋ൗ
2

5. Show that:

Let 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑛 − 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑣 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝜋Τ2 𝜋Τ2
Τ
න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥)𝜋0 2 + න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥. (𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
0 0
𝜋Τ2 𝜋/2 𝜋/2

න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑛 − 1) න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − (𝑛 − 1) න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

0 0 0
 2 2 2
𝐼 = න sin 𝜋𝑥 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋𝑥 𝑑(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)

1
= න(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜋𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜋𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝜋𝑥 ) 𝑑(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥)
𝜋

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜋𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝜋𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝜋𝑥

= − + +𝐶
𝜋 3 5 7

1 − cos(4𝑥) 1 1 1 1
𝐼=න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − න cos 4𝑥 𝑑 4𝑥 = 𝑥 − sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶
8 8 32 8 322
 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 2 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡
𝐼=න 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = න 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡
=න 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − න 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + න 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
5 9
4 2
= 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 +𝐶
5 9

4
3
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
I = න 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = +𝐶
4
 1 1 1 − cos(2𝑥 2)
𝐼 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥 2 )𝑑 𝑥 2 = න 𝑑 𝑥2
2 2 2

1 1 1 2 1
= න 𝑑 𝑥 − න cos 2𝑥 2 𝑑(2𝑥 2 )
2
⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶
4 2 4 8

2
𝐼 = න 2 sin 3𝜃 sin 3𝜃 cos 3𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝜃 𝑑(sin 3𝜃 )
3
2
𝐼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 3𝜃 + 𝐶
9
6. Show that:

𝜋
1
𝐼 = න (sin( 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑥) + sin( 𝑚 − 𝑛 𝑥))𝑑𝑥
2
−𝜋

𝜋 𝜋
1 1
𝐼 = න (sin( 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + න sin( 𝑚 − 𝑛 𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
−𝜋 −𝜋

−1 𝜋
1
𝐼= cos 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑥 |−𝜋 − cos 𝑚 − 𝑛 𝑥 |𝜋−𝜋 = 0
2(𝑚 + 𝑛) 2 𝑚−𝑛
 1
Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑚𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑣 = sin(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛
𝜋 𝜋
cos 𝑚𝑥 . sin(𝑛𝑥) 𝑚
𝐼= + න sin(𝑛𝑥) sin 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛 −𝜋
𝑛
−𝜋

If 𝑚 ≠ 𝑛 𝜋
𝑚
𝐼= න sin(𝑛𝑥) sin 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛
−𝜋
𝜋
𝑚
𝐼= න ( cos((𝑚 − 𝑛 𝑥) − cos( 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑥))𝑑𝑥
2𝑛
−𝜋

𝑚 𝜋
𝑚
𝐼= sin 𝑚 − 𝑛 𝑥 |−𝜋 − sin 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑥 |𝜋−𝜋 = 0
2𝑛(𝑚 − 𝑛) 2𝑛 𝑚 + 𝑛
If 𝑚 = 𝑛

𝜋 𝜋
𝑚
𝐼= න sin(𝑛𝑥) sin 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න sin(𝑚𝑥) sin 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛
−𝜋 −𝜋

𝜋
1
= න (cos 𝑚 − 𝑚 𝑥 − c𝑜𝑠( 𝑚 + 𝑚)𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
−𝜋

1 1
𝐼= 𝑥 |−𝜋 − sin 2𝑚 𝑥 |𝜋−𝜋 = 𝜋
𝜋
2 2
7. Evaluate the definite integral

Substitute 𝑥 = sec 𝑢 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑑𝑢

x 𝟐 2
𝜋/3
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 u 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼= න 𝑑𝑢 4 3
𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 −1
𝜋/4

𝜋/3 𝜋/3
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 1
𝐼= න 𝑑𝑢 = න 2 𝑑𝑢
3 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢
𝜋/4 𝜋/4

𝜋/3 𝜋/3 𝜋/3

2
1 1 1
න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = න 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
2 2 2 𝜋/4
𝜋/4 𝜋/4

1
= 𝜋+3 3−6
24
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢
Substitute 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
2 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 1 2
1 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
𝐼 =න 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = න 𝑑𝑢
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑢 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 + 𝐶 = arcsin 2𝑥 + (2𝑥 1 − 4𝑥 2 ) + 𝐷
4 8 4 4

Substitute 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑑𝑢

9𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 − 9 9𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 1 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢

𝐼=න 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑑𝑢 = න 𝑑𝑢 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛
27𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑢 27𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑢 3
 1 2
1 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 1 1
𝐼 = න 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = න 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 + 𝐶
3 3 2 6 12

1 1 1 𝑥 1 𝑥2 − 9 3
= 𝑢 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 + 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐(𝑠𝑒𝑐 − +𝐶
6 6 6 3 6 𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑥2 − 9
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐(𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 2
+𝐶
6 3 2𝑥
 3 2
1
𝐼 =න 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑥+1+ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1

𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
𝐼= + + + 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 1 + 𝐶
4 3 2

1 −𝑥 − 1 1 𝑥 1
𝐼=න + 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑑𝑥 − න 2 𝑑𝑥 − න 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1 𝑥 +9 𝑥−1 𝑥 +9 𝑥 +9

1 2
1 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 1 − ln 𝑥 + 9 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝐶
2 3 3
 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢𝑑𝑢 2 1
𝐼=න 2 =න − 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 2 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 1 + 𝐶
𝑢 + 3𝑢 + 2 𝑢+2 𝑢+1

𝐼 = 2 ln 𝑒 𝑥 + 2 − ln 𝑒 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 1
𝐼=න =න − 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 1 + 𝐶
𝑢+1 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢+1

𝐼 = ln 𝑒 𝑥 − ln 𝑒 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶 = 𝑥 − ln 𝑒 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶
 𝑡 𝑢2 +1
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑢 = tan ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡
2 2
2𝑢 1 − 𝑢2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =
1 + 𝑢2 1 + 𝑢2
1 2 1
⇒𝐼=න 𝑑𝑢 = න 2 𝑑𝑢
2𝑢 1 − 𝑢2 𝑢2 + 1 2𝑢 + 3𝑢 − 2
3 −4
1 + 𝑢2 1 + 𝑢2

1 1 1 2
=න 𝑑𝑢 = න − + 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢 + 2)(2𝑢 − 1) 5 𝑢 + 2 2𝑢 − 1

𝑡
−1 1 1 2 tan −1
= 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 2 + 𝑙𝑛 2𝑢 − 1 + C = 𝑙𝑛 2 +𝐶
5 5 5 𝑡
tan +2
2
 𝜋
2
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝐼=න 𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = cost⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = -s𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡
2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
0
t 0 𝝅/𝟐
u 1 0

0 1
−2𝑢 2
𝐼=න 𝑑𝑢 = 2 න 1 − 𝑑𝑢
2+𝑢 𝑢+2
1 0

1 1
=2 𝑢 0 − 4𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 2 0 = 2 − 𝑙𝑛81 + 𝑙𝑛16
 𝑏−𝑎
Midpoint Rule ∆𝑥 = = 0.2
2 10
𝑒𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 ≈ 0.2 𝑓 1.1 + 𝑓 1.3 + 𝑓 1.5 + 𝑓 1.7 + 𝑓 1.9 ≈
1 + 𝑥2
0
Trapezoidal Rule
2
𝑒𝑥 0.2
න 𝑑𝑥 ≈ 𝑓 1 + 2𝑓 1.2 + 2𝑓 1.4 + 2𝑓 1.6 + 2𝑓 1.8 + 𝑓(2) ≈
1 + 𝑥2 2
0
Simpson’s Rule
2
𝑒𝑥 0.2
න 2
𝑑𝑥 ≈ 𝑓 1 + 4𝑓 1.2 + 2𝑓 1.4 + 4𝑓 1.6 + 2𝑓 1.8 + 𝑓(2) ≈
1+𝑥 3
0
 2

= න 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 2 𝑑(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)

0
 1
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑒𝑥 =
𝑡

𝑥 −𝑥
−arcsin(𝑡)
න 𝑒 arcsin 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = න 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑡

1𝑑𝑡 −1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = arcsin 𝑡 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡, 𝑑𝑣 = 2 ⇒ 𝑣 =
1−𝑡 2 𝑡 𝑡

arcsin(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 arcsin 𝑡
⇒𝐼= −න = + 𝐼1 + 𝐶
𝑡 𝑡 1−𝑡 2 𝑡
 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑
𝑡
𝐼1 = − න =න
𝑡 1− 𝑡2 1
−1
𝑡2
1 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑘 ⇒ 𝑑 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑘. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘. 𝑑𝑘
𝑡 𝑡

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑘. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘. 𝑑k
⇒ 𝐼1 = න = න 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑑𝑘
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑘

1 1 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 +𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

1 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 k
⇒ 𝐼1 = 𝑙𝑛 +𝐷
2 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 k

arcsin 𝑡 1 1 + 1 − 𝑡2
⇒𝐼= + 𝑙𝑛 +𝐸
𝑡 2 1− 1−𝑡 2
 arcsin 𝑡 1 + 1 − 𝑡2
⇒𝐼= + 𝑙𝑛 +𝐸
𝑡 𝑡2

arcsin 𝑒 −𝑥 1 + 1 − 𝑒 −2𝑥
⇒𝐼= + 𝑙𝑛 +𝐸
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥

arcsin 𝑒 −1 1 + 1 − 𝑒 −2 𝜋
⇒𝐼= + 𝑙𝑛 −
𝑒 −1 𝑒 −2 2
𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑥
Hint divide the numerator and denominator by 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥
𝑢=

𝑣=
Find The Area Of A Plane Figure
If S limits by If S limits by

Arc Length

Find volumes
Let g(t) be the position of the first runner at time t, and let h(t) be
the position of the second runner at time t. Let T denote the time
that the two runners finish the race. Also, let f(t) = g(t) − h(t).
Since f(0) = 0 and f(T) = 0, by Rolle’s Theorem there exists some c
with 0 < c < T such that f’(c) = 0. But since f’(t) = g’(t) − h’(t), we
have that g’(c) = h’(c). Therefore, the runners have the same speed
at time c.
 3
The height h of the equilateral triangle with sides of length L is 𝐿
2

𝐿
=0⇒𝑥=
4
𝐿
The maximum occurs when 𝑥 =
4
A farmer wants to fence an area of 1.5 million square feet in a
rectangular field and then divide it in half with a fence parallel to one
of the sides of the rectangle. How can he do this so as to minimize the
cost of the fence?

The critical number is 𝑥 = 103 and

so the absolute minimum occurs when 𝑥 = 103 and y= 1,5.103

Since it’s easier to substitute for 𝑦 2

3 3 3
,𝑦 = The maximum area is:
2 4
Integration
Sketch the region enclosed by the given curves. Decide whether to
integrate with respect to x or y. Then find the area of the region?
 2
𝑥+3
𝑥+3= ⇒ 𝑥 = −3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1
4

1
𝑥+3
𝐴= න 𝑥+3− 𝑑𝑥
2
−3

4
𝐴=
3
The curves intersect when
Sketch the region enclosed by the given curves and find its area
Tìm độ dài đường cong
𝑦 = 1 + 6𝑥 3/2 , 0≤𝑥≤1

𝑦′ = 9 𝑥

1 1

⇒ 𝑆 = න 1 + 𝑦 ′ 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 1 + 81𝑥𝑑𝑥
0 0

1
2 3/2
= 1 + 81𝑥 ≈ 6,1032
243 0
 𝑦2 = 4 𝑥 + 4 3, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, 𝑦>0

𝑦′ = 3 𝑥 + 4

2 1

⇒ 𝑆 = න 1 + 𝑦 ′ 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 1 + 9(𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
0 0
2
2 3/2
= 37 + 9𝑥 ≈ 13,5429
27 0
Vẽ và tìm độ dài đường cong 𝑥 2/3 +𝑦 2/3 = 1

2/3 3/2
𝑦 = 1− 𝑥

⇒ 𝑦 ′ = −𝑥 −1/3 1 − 𝑥 2/3

⇒ 𝑦′ 2 = 𝑥 −2/3 − 1

1 1

⇒ 𝑆 = 4 න 1 + 𝑥 −2/3 − 1 𝑑𝑥 = 4 න 𝑥 −1/3 𝑑𝑥 = 6
0 0
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by
the given curves about the specified line. Sketch the region, the solid,
and a typical disk or washer.
A cross-section is a washer (annulus)
with inner radius 𝑥 3 and outer radius x
A cross-section is a washer with
inner radius 𝑦 2 and outer radius
2𝑦, so its area is