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    Ultrasonic Robot

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    empresssyy
    The document discusses ultrasonic sensors and how they work by emitting high frequency sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return. Ultrasonic sensors contain a transmitter that converts electrical signals to ultrasonic pulses above human hearing range and a receiver that listens for the echo. By timing the echo, the sensor can calculate distance to objects up to 4 meters away and is used for proximity detection.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ultrasonic Robot

    Uploaded by

    empresssyy
    4 views13 pages
    The document discusses ultrasonic sensors and how they work by emitting high frequency sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return. Ultrasonic sensors contain a transmitter that converts electrical signals to ultrasonic pulses above human hearing range and a receiver that listens for the echo. By timing the echo, the sensor can calculate distance to objects up to 4 meters away and is used for proximity detection.

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    Ultrasonic-Robot

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    The document discusses ultrasonic sensors and how they work by emitting high frequency sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return. Ultrasonic sensors contain a transmitter that converts electrical signals to ultrasonic pulses above human hearing range and a receiver that listens for the echo. By timing the echo, the sensor can calculate distance to objects up to 4 meters away and is used for proximity detection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views13 pages

    Ultrasonic Robot

    Uploaded by

    empresssyy
    The document discusses ultrasonic sensors and how they work by emitting high frequency sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return. Ultrasonic sensors contain a transmitter that converts electrical signals to ultrasonic pulses above human hearing range and a receiver that listens for the echo. By timing the echo, the sensor can calculate distance to objects up to 4 meters away and is used for proximity detection.

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    Ultrasonic Robot

    What is Ultrasound?
    Ultrasound is a high-pitched sound wave whose frequency
    exceeds the audible range of human hearing.

    Humans can hear sound waves that vibrate in the range of


    about 20 times a second (a deep rumbling noise) to 20,000
    times a second (a high-pitched whistle). However, ultrasound
    has a frequency of more than 20,000 Hz and is therefore
    inaudible to humans.
    What is an Ultrasonic Sensor?
    • As the name indicates, ultrasonic
    sensors measure distances by
    sending out sound waves and
    collecting the returning echoes.
    • It is an instrument that measures the
    distance to an object using
    ultrasonic sound waves.
    • It can measure items up to 4.5
    meters away.
    • They are used as proximity sensors.
    What is an Ultrasonic Sensor?
    Ultrasonic sensors emit a chirp
    usually between 23 kHz and 40
    kHz, much higher than the typical
    audible range of human hearing
    at 20 kHz, hence the term
    ultrasonic. Using this chirp, they
    measure the amount of time it
    takes for the sound to bounce off
    an object. (This is based on the same
    basic principles of echolocation used by
    bats to find their prey)
    Hardware Overview
    An ultrasonic distance sensor actually consists of two
    ultrasonic transducers.

    One acts as a transmitter that converts the electrical


    signal into 40 KHz ultrasonic sound pulses. The other acts
    as a receiver and listens for the transmitted pulses.

    This sensor provides excellent non-contact range detection


    between 2 cm to 400 cm (~13 feet) with an accuracy of 3
    mm.
    How Does an Ultrasonic Sensor
    Work?
    It all starts when the trigger pin is set HIGH for 10µs. In response, the
    sensor transmits an ultrasonic burst of eight pulses at 40 kHz. This 8-
    pulse pattern is specially designed so that the receiver can distinguish
    the transmitted pulses from ambient ultrasonic noise.

    These eight ultrasonic pulses travel through the air away from the
    transmitter. Meanwhile the echo pin goes HIGH to initiate the echo-
    back signal.
    How Does an Ultrasonic Sensor
    Work?
    If those pulses are not
    reflected back, the echo
    signal times out and goes
    low after 38ms (38
    milliseconds). Thus a pulse
    of 38ms indicates no
    obstruction within the range
    of the sensor.
    How Does an Ultrasonic Sensor
    Work?
    If those pulses are reflected
    back, the echo pin goes low
    as soon as the signal is
    received. This generates a
    pulse on the echo pin whose
    width varies from 150 µs to
    25 ms depending on the time
    taken to receive the signal.
    Distance calculation
    The width of the received pulse is used to calculate the distance
    from the reflected object.

    Formula: Distance = ½ T x C
    Where:
    T = Time and
    C = the speed of sound
    At 20°C (68°F), the speed of sound is 343 meters/second (1125
    feet/second), but this varies depending on temperature and
    humidity.
    Dashing Raptor avoids obstacles

    Filename: AvoidObstacles
    Activity:

    Program the RGB LEDs for different lighting and


    sound effects when Dashing Raider sees obstacles.

    Filename: AvoidObstaclesAct
    Dashing Raptor follows objects

    Filename: FollowObjects
    Activity:

    Make a program do something interesting with the


    ultrasonic sensor.

    Filename: FollowObjectsAct

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