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Adrian Cleine DC.
Cipriano
HUMSS 11 – Odin
DISS - The Development of a Filipino Indigenous Psychology
1. What are the three stages in Philippine psychology?

- Pre-Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- The Early days of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- Sikolohiyang Pilipino after Dr. Virgilio Enriquez
2. Who is Virgilio Enriquez?

- Father of Filipino Psychology
- Enriquez (1994) “Filipinos began not only learning new psychology but also a new
culture, education became miseducation because it began to de-Filipinize the Filipino
psychology”
- He spread the gospel of behaviorist bilingualism
- He advocate for Sikolohiyang Filipino that would be based on the experience, ideas
and orientation of the Filipino
- He himself identified the "neo-colonial status of Philippine psychology, the Great
Cultural Divide which separates the Anglicized elite from the Filipino masses, and
the meeting of the East and the West" as the backdrop to this new indigenous
psychology (Enriquez, 1997)
- Enriquez (1994) identified the major characteristics' of Sikolohiyang Pilipino in terms
of its philosophical antecedents, principal emphasis in psychology, principal methods
of investigation, primary areas of protest,position on psychological practice, position
on science-humanism issue, position on the mentalism-behaviorism issue,and position
on the analysis- wholeness issue.
3. How did education become an engine of colonization from the West?

- Given the economic-political-academic dominance of the West, the psychologists
from Asia and other Third World countries went to study modern psychology in the
West and transplanted that body of knowledge and also their languag to their home
countries. Thus spread the gospel of "universal" psychology and the dominance of
western psychology
4. Explain universal psychology

- Universal psychology, also known as cross-cultural or cultural psychology, is a
branch of psychology that focuses on understanding human behavior and mental
processes across different cultures and societies. It seeks to identify universal patterns
of human cognition, emotion, and behavior that transcend cultural boundaries and to
explore how cultural factors shape psychological phenomena.
5. Who is Zeus Salazar?
- Pantayong Pananaw
- He traced the history of Philippine psychological thought and identified four separate
historical threads or "filiations" across Philippine historical time.
- Salazar challenged the monopolistic dominance of the western tradition of academic-
scientific psychology while hailing the rich potentials of ethnic psychology rooted in
our own cultural traditions.
- Salazar differentiated three levels of ethnic psychology:
Katutubong sikolohiya (the truly indigenous knowledge base)
The psychology of Filipinos (a more sophisticated psycho-social approach to
understanding the traits of the Filipino)
The practice of psychology of Filipinos from ancient to modern times (including
the "normal techniques of enculturation or socialization and the proto-clinical
approaches
to problems, tensions and conflicts").
6. What was the role of Dr. Agustin Alonzo in the history of psychological
science in the Philippines?
- Alonzo brought back American-oriented educational psychology and was mentor to a
number of known Filipino psychologists, including Alfredo Lagmay, Estafania
Aldaba and Sinforoso Padilla
7. Compare and contrast the content of first, second and third filiation of
Philippines psychology
- The first filiation identified by Salazar is Academic-Scientific Psychology, in this
context, may then be viewed as a tool of colonization. Psychological knowledge in
education was particularly of great utility to the colonizers who were using education
as the main means to subjugate the natives. The second filiation is Academic-
Philosophical Psychology, which he identified as starting with the establishment of a
system of higher education in the University of Santo Tomas during the Spanish
times. In the institutions of higher learning run by the Spanish clerics, psychological
material was introduced via courses in philosophy and medicine. The third filiation,
Ethnic Psychology, goes beyond the second filiation – taking into consideration the
inhabitants of the archipelago prior to Spanish contact. The point of contact and
influence the Spanish had over the colonized inhabitants was the start of confusion
over the Filipinos’ split identity and consciousness.
8. What is the role of Dr, Alfredo Lagmay in the establishment of

Sikolohiyang Filipino?
- He commented about this history of psychological science in the Philippines as a
"case of cultural diffusion which started about the turn of the century, when the
United States, as colonizer, came to this country and established an educational
system based on the English language as the primary medium of instruction. And
Enriquez (1994) had this to say about the impact of the use of the English language
on psychology in the Philippines.
- He was the first to teach Philippine Psychology as a ''special topics'' course at the
graduate level before it was formally instituted as a separate graduate course in 1978.

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Adrian Cleine DC.

DISS - The Development of a Filipino Indigenous Psychology

1. What are the three stages in Philippine psychology?

2. Who is Virgilio Enriquez?

3. How did education become an engine of colonization from the West?

4. Explain universal psychology

5. Who is Zeus Salazar?

8. What is the role of Dr, Alfredo Lagmay in the establishment of

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