USN GBCS SCHENE 15EC61

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2018/Jan.2019

Time:3 hrs. Digital Communication Max. Marks: 80
treated
asmalpractice.
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing
ONE full uestion from each module.
qu
1 a
Define Hilbert transform. Module-l and its Hilbert
What are,its applications. Prove that asignal g(t) (05 Marks)
pages.
be
transtorm g(t) are orthogonal Overthe entire time interval( ,).
b. Determine the pre-envelopefand complex enve<ope of the RF pulse defined by
will
(06 Marks)
blank
x() =A
50,
=
remaining
42+8
rectJcos(2rfc),
Ompare the power spectrá of various line codesn terms of bandwidth, DCcomponent,
(05 Marks)
Noise immunity and synchronization capability,with neat sketen.
eg,
thewritten OR
2 s(t) in canonical form, Also explain the scheme for deriving the
on a.
EXpress bandpass signal (06 Marks)
lines
equations inphasé and quadrature components of the bandpass signal s(t),
procedure for computational analysis of a bandpass
cross b. Expain with relevant expressions, the (06 Marks)
system driven by abandpass signal. alternate mark inversion(AMI)
or What is the advantage of, HDB3 code over conventional
diagonal pattern010000011000011000000" using HDB3: encoding and AMI
C.
and code. Code the (04 Marks)
evaluator encoding.
draw
compulsorily Module-2
to
combination of N
appcal
geometric representation of set of M energy signals as linear
3 a. Explain the functions. lustrate for the caseN = 2 and M 3, with necessary
identification,
orthonormal basis (08 Marks)
answers, diagrams and expressions. proedure, find a set of orthonormal basic
orthogonalization
b. Using the Gram-Schmidt signals si(t)82(t) and ss(t) shown in Fig.Q3(b). also express
functions to represent the three functions. (08 Marks)
your the set ofbasis
of
each of these signals in terms of
completing
revcaling
Ss4)

3
On Any 2

1. 2.
: 3 t
Note 2 3

2
Important
-2

-3 -31

K
Fig.Q3(b)
of3
 the
and
detector
(08Marks)
explanation of
respons ofthe
OR diagramsand (08Marks)
ncat immpulse
receiver with expressionfor
the
coreationdecoderblocks.
maximum-linklihood
ylanthe Obtainthe
4 recciver.
filter
plain the matched
b atched tiler.
Module-3 detection.(06Marks)
coherent
binaryPSK using powl
probability of bits/sec and the
carrier
expressionforerror the rate of10°
the average
Derivethe microwave link at 10-l0 oHz. find followingcases.
overa
dataare
transmitted
the receiver input is Pe s10 forthe
)) at error
. density ofthe noise average probabilityof
Spectral nmaintain an (06Marks)
power required tocoherent detcction
Binary PSK using M-ary
efficiency of M
=10comment on the bandwidth
DPSK
take erte(2.63) =2 x 10%, Q(3.7)and (04 Marks)
Note : bandwidth efficiencv. Tabulate
Define
C.
different values ofM.
PSK signalsfor
and
non-coherent
OR generation
expressions, explain binary FSK (06 Marks)
6 With neat diagram and
a. detection phase shift keying with neat
scheme. differential (06 Marks)
generation and optimumdetection of
b. Explain the of
block diagram. PSK systém? Obtain the constellation
M-ary QAM over, M-ary
(04 Marks)
C What the advantage of space diagram.
QAM for M=4and drawsignal

Module-4

digitl PAM transmission through band limited

explain the (06 Marks)
7 a. With a neat block diagram, expression for inter symbol interference. encoding
baseband channels. Also obtainthesignaling scheme, with pre-coding. Illustrate the
duo-binary (07 Marks)
b. Explain the modified "011100101". Assume previous pre-coder outputs as 1.
for the binary sequéence the, timing features pertaining to eye diagram and it
With neat diagram, explain data transmission system. (03 Marks)
interpretation for baseband binary

OR
explain raised cosine spectrum solution to reduce ISI.
expressions, (06 Marks)
8 a Withneat sketches and block
response signaling scheme? With
of controlled ISI partial response,
b. What is the advantageduo-binary encoder with pre-coder. Mention the frequency (06 Marks)
diagram, explain the
features.
impulse response and its expressions, explain the concept of adaptive equalization.
With neat diagram and relevant
(04 Marks)
C.

2 of3
 4 a m

15EC61

Module-5
9 a. Explain the working of Direct Sequence Spread Spèctrum transmítter and receiver with nea.
(08 Marks)
diagram, waveform and expressions.
b. Aslow frequency Hopped/MFSK system has the following parameters,
i) The number of bits/MFSK symbol=4
ii) The number of MFSK symbols perhop
(03 Marks)
iii) Calculate the processing gain ofthe system in decibels. (05 Marks)
C. List and briefly explain any 3appliations of direct sequence spread spectrum.

OR
technique. EXplan
10 a. With a neat block diagram, èxplain frequency Hopped spread spectrum (08 Marks)
the terms chip rate, Jamming Margin and processing gain.maximum-length sequences (ML
b. What is a PN sequence? Explain the generation of (04 Marks)
sequence). What are the properties of ML sequences?used to generate the PN sequence has
shiftregister
C. In a DS/BPSK system, the feedback average probability of symbol error due to
9.The system is required to hay an following
length m = exceed 10. Calculate the
generated interfering signals that does not
externaly
system paraméters in decibels : M- K
MK
i) Pròcessing gain
ii) Antijam margin (04 Marks)
(Assume Q(4.25) = 10-5
M)
or erfe(3) = 2 x 10).
s
 GBCS SGHEME 15EC61
USN

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Aug./Sept.2020

Digital Communiation
Time: 3 hrs. Max, Marks: 80
malpractice.
Note: AnsWer any FiVE full questions, choosing ONEfull question fiom each module.
Module-1 (05 Marks)
as a.
Define Hilbert transfom. State the properties ofit. Mention ita applications.
treated b. What is linecoding? For binary stream 101001 sketch thefollowing line codes: (05 Marks)
() Polar RZ (i) Polar NRZ (ii) Bipolar NRZ (iv) Manchester
be
will
C. Derive the expression for the complex low pass repfescHtation ofband pass systems.(06 Marks)
42+8=50, OR
and draw thne
2 a. Derive the cxpressíon for power spectradensity of Manchester format (06 Marks)
spectrum.
signal. Given a band pass Signal
eg, b. Detine pre-envélope and complex enyelope of areal values and complex envelope.
written S(), sktch the spectral representatión of signal S(t), pre-envelope (06 Marks)
111000010110100000000001ðusing HDB3, and bipolar NRZ
ulons C. Code the binary pattern (i) (04 Marks)
(i) 011000011 using B3ZS. Draw B3ZS waveform.
Module-2
orthoganalization procedure and find the set of orthonormal basis
3 a. Use Gram-Schmidt S;(t) andSt) shown in Fig.Q3(a). Also
functions to represent the four signals S(t), Sz(),
of basis functions.
express each of these signals in terms ofthe set

e M- K

(08 Marks)
Fig.Q3(a)
the relevant mathematical theory.
(08 Marks)
Explain the matched filter receiver with
b.
OR
and express energy of the signal in
terms of
geometric representation of signals
4 a. Explain the (08 Marks)
the signal vector. relevant diagrams. (04 Marks)
operation ofcorelation receiver with
b. Explain the continuous AWGN channel into a vector
channel. (04 Marks)
C. Explain how to convert
Module-3
signal with its signal space characterization. With a neat block diagram,
5 a. Explain the BPSK (10 Marks)
geneYation and detection of BPSK signal.
explain the
between BPSK and DPSK? Ilustrate the operation of DPSK for the
b. What is difference reference bit as '1'. (06 Marks)
bìnary scquence I1010101. Assume lof 2
 OR (06 Marks)
of error ofBFSK. system? Obtain the constellation of
6 a, Derive an expression for probability
OAM over M-ary PSK (04 Marks)
What is an advantage of M-ary
QAM for M = 4 and draw the signal space diagram. detection of QPSK signalS.
(06 Marks)
generation and
C. With a neat diagram, explain the

Module-4
PAM transmission through band limited
7 a.
With a neat block diagram, explain the digital (06 Marks)
bascband channels and obtain the expression for ISI.
V
(02 Marks)
b. State the Nyquist criterion for zero ISI.
c.
What are adaptive cqualizers? Explain linear adaptive equalizer based on MSE criterion.
(08 Marks)

OR
a.
For the binary data, sequence 11101001 given as' input to the pre-coder. The output of the
pre-coder is used to modulate a duo binary transmitting filter. Obtain the:
(i) Pre-coded sequence (ii) Transmitted amplitude levels
(iüi) The reeivèd signal levels (iv) Decoded sequence (04 Marks)
b. Explain the design of band limited signals with controlled ISI. Describe the time domain and
frequency domain characteristics ofa duo binary signal. y (07 Marks)
C. What is channel equalization? With a neat diagram, explain the concept of
using a linear transversal filter.
equalization
(05 Marks)

Module-5
9 a. Explain the model of a spread spectrum
b. With a neat block diagram, explain the digital-communication
system. (05 Marks)
CDMA system based onI IS-95. (08 Marks)
C. Write a short note on application of spread spectrumin wireless IAN.
(03 Marks)
OR
10 a. With a neat block diagram, explain frequency hopped spread
the terns chip rate, jamming margin and processing gain. Also spectrumitstechnique. Explain
mention applications.
b. Explain the effect of dispreading on a narrow band interference in DSSS (08 Marks)
systems. A
designed to have the power ratio Pr/PN at the intended receiver is 10 If the DSSS is
EN,= 10for acceptable performance, determine the minimum value of desired
processing
gain.
C. Mention the applications of DSSS and explain any one in detail. (04 Marks)
(04 Marks)
* *
 USN 10EC/TE61
sixth Semester B.E. Degree
Examination, Aug./Sept. 2020
Digital Communication
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks:100
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting at least
THVO questions from each part.
malpractice.
PART-A
With the block diagram, cxplain basic
1 a.
signal processing operations in digital communication
system and describe the functioning of cach block. (07 Marks)
as b. How practical sampling is different from ideal sampling? Obtain an
treated top sampled signal. expression the flat
for
(08 Marks)
C. Asignal g(t)=10cos(20t )cos(200rt) is sampled at the rate of 250 samples/sec. Sketch the
pagebe spectrum of the sampled signal and specify the cut-off for the ideal reconstruction filter so as
will
blank torecover the original signal. (05 Marks)
8=50,
wrnaining
2 With a neat block diagram, explain the working of TDM transmitter and receiver. (07 Marks)
b. APCM system uses auniform quantizer followed by an-bit encoder. Show that RMS signal
to quantization noise ratio is approximately given by(6n +1.8) db. (08 Marks)
a. C. A television signal having a B.W of 4.2 MHz is transrited using binary PCM system.
os
1ines
cquations Given that the number of quanti~ation levels are 512, determíne
(i) Code word length (i) Transmission B.W (üi) (Output signal to quantization noise ratio.
cross (05 Marks)
/or
diagonal
and 3 a. Explain the principle ofdelta modulator; with,relêvant figure and mathematical expressions,
(08 Marks)
a Valuator w
with neat block diagram of DM transmitter and-DMReceiver.
b. For abinary sequenee011011, draw the digital
i) Polar NRZi) Bipolar NRZ
format wavefoms corresponding to,
n) Manchester NRZ, (iv) Gray code NRZ.
d (05 Marks)
compulsorily
Derive an expression for power spectral density of polar.NRZ format and plot the same with
C
respect to frequency. (07 Marks)

identification less baseband

answers, 4 a. Derive yan expression for Nyquist pulse shaping criterion for distortion (06 Marks)
transmission.
Fig. Q4 (b).
your b. Abinarysequences 001101001is appliedto aduobinary system shown in
revealing
of
mpitug
Li,

ny

Fig. Q4 (b)
) Construct the duobínary coder output and corresponding receiver output, without a
precoder. receiver input produced
the
(ii) Suppose th¡t due to error during transmission, the level atreceiver output. (08 Marks)
by the second digit is reduced to zero. Construct the new
adaptive equalization?
C. What is the necessity of equalization in digital transmission? What is (06 Marks)
lof2
K
 a,
Derive an expression for the PART- B

the
signal.
b. With the
of a QPSK
constellation diagram.
average
block diagram of QPSK
demodulation wave. Also
probability of symbol eror for
transmitter and coherent
receiver, explain the binary
mention 'a relevant
10ECE6
FSK
(10 Marks
6 a.
Three signals Si(t), Sa(t) time domain generatandion drawand
to obtain an
terms of orthonormal
and S3(t) are
basis for shÍwn in Fig. Q6 expressions
(10 Marks)
orthonormal basis
thesignals. (a). Apply
functions. Älso give theExpress the Gram-Schmidt
signal signals Si(t), Sz(t) andprocedure
constel ation S3(t) in
diagram. (10 Marks)
b.
Explain the
representationimpoYtance of
of signals for geometric
the case of
Fig. Q6 (a)
iñterpretation
a of
signals.
a.
Explain
input.
in detail
with 2-imensional signal spaceIllustrate
with 3
the
signals. geometric
b.
Derive the impulse necessary block diagram, the response of bank of (10 Marks)
matched filter. respons½ of a matched filter correlators(10toMarks)
noisy
à.
With neat block
a
receiver and explain aDy two properties of a
phase
b. A3 stageshift keying. diagram, explain direct sequence (10 Marks)
shift register with a spread spectrum with
01011100101110.
(i)
(ii) Deternmine the
linear
the 3 period ofof
feedback generates the sequence:
se
coherent binary
(08 Marks)

Verify propertiesöfgiven infinite sequence.

C.
Discuss briefly the applications the PN
sequence for the given sequence. (07 Marks)
suppression. spread spectrum technique (i) CDMA (ii) Multipath
(05 Marks)
 USN SSGIEMNE
Sixth Semester B.E. 15EC61
Degrec Examination,
Time: 3hrs, Digital CommunicationJune/July 2019
malpracticC. Note: Answer any FIVE full Max. Marks: 80
questions,
ONE full question from choosing
each module.
a
as
treated
1
Determine the Hilbert transform of Module-1
b. Determine t the signal g(t) =sin c(t).
the
be
pre-envelope complexe envelope of the sigha) shown in Fig.Q1(6).(04(06Marks)
and
Marks)
pa will
blank
50,
remaining
=
42+8
eg,
thewritten C. Explain the time domain procedure FIgQi()
on systems, forthe omplex representation of band pass signals and
equations
lines (06 Marks)
cross 2 a. For a biñary sequence OR
diagonal
/or 0100000001P 11 construct i) RZBioo lar format in) Manchester format
iii) B3Zsformat iv) B6ZS
and Also mention the applicatiön format v) HDB3
ofB3ZS and B6ZSformát.
ovaluator b. Draw the power spectra of) formats. (07 Marks)
draw RZAMI signal
C. Consider a bandpass signal S(t) which is ii) NRZ polar signal. (03 Marks)
sorily tepresented
components, Suggesta suitable scheme for in terms ßf in-phase and quadrature
to i) extracting the in-phase and
ii) reconstructing the band passquadratufe
appea ure components fromhà band pass signal
signal fromin-phase and qùadrature components. (06 Marks)
identification,
anse 3 a.MK. Module-2
For the signals si(t), s(t), s(t) and s(t) shown.an Fig.3(a), find a set of
functjons orthonormal basis
your
using gram-Schmidt.orthogonalization pYocedure. (09 Marks)
of
completing S3t)
revealing |S.(t)

On Any t
1. 2. Fig.Q3(a)
:Note
b. Explain with neat diagram and'necessary equations the matched filter receiver. (07 MarkS)
Important
OR
4
Obtain the decision rüle for maximum likelihood decoding and explain the correlation
receiver. (08 Marks)
D. Show that for anoisy input, the mean value of the j" correlator output X;depends only on
S;i and all the çorrelators outputs X, j=1, 2, - -- -,N, have a variance equal to the PSD
No/2 of the ádditive noise process w(t). (08 Marks)
l of 2
 Modulc-3
b. Obtain the cxpression form
for for the
avcrage scqucncc 0I101000.
probability of symbó> error for BPSK
(06coherent
using
Mark
5 n. Sketch the QPSK wave
(06 Matks)
Mark
and drawthesignal space diagram. (04
detection.
Obtninthe constclention of OAM for M= 16
C,
OR
(06 Marks)
6 i. Explain the gencration and coherent detcctiontothe
ofBrSK system.
DPSK transmitter,
b. The binary scqucnce 1100100010 is applied
i) Sketch the result ing wave from at th¡ transmitter output. the absence of no ise, the
ii) Applying this waveform to the DPSK rccciver, show that in (06 Marks)
original binary scqucnce is rcconstructcd at the rcceiver outpút. During the source of
C.
An FSK system transmits binary data at the rate of 2 x10'bps.
transmission, AWGN ofzcro mcan and two sided PSD 102Watts/Hz is added to the signal.
The amplitudc of the rcceived'sinusoidal wave for digit Lor0 is luv. Determine the average
(04 Marks)
probability of symbol crror ¥ssuming non-coherent détection.
Module-4
7 a. Explain the following terms with related cquations and diagram with respect to base band
transmission.
i) ISI and Nyguist condition for zero IS
ii) Duobinary signal pulse
iii) Modiicd uobinary signal puls
iv) Partialresponse signals
v) Raised cosine spectrum. (10 Marks)
b. Explain the need for pregoder in a duobinary signaling. The binary sequence
111010010001 101 is the inpue to the precoder whòseoutput is used to nodulate a duobinary
transmiting filter. Obtaim the precoded sequence, transmitted amplitude levels, the received
signal levels and the decoded sequence. (06 Marks)
OR
8 a. With a ncat diagram, explain the concept, 8f lincar traversálilter. (06 Marks)
b. Consider.a ohaDnel distorted pülse x(t), at the input to the equalizer, given by
x(t) = where 1/T is hoysymbol rate. The pulse is sampled at the rate 2/T and

equalized by a zero-forcing cqualizer. Determife the coefficients of a five-tap zero-forcing

çquálizer. (06 Marks)
Write a note on eyediatrm. (04 Marks)

(MÑdule-5
9 a. With aneat djagram explain the generation of PN sequences and state its properties.(06 Marks)
b.
ratio Pr/PN at the intended
A DS spreadspectrum signal ia designed so that the power performance,
receiver is 10. If the desijed E/No = 10 for acceptable determine the
(04 Marks)
minimum value of the processing gain. (06 Marks
C. Explain with ncat blockdiagram FH spread -spectrum system.
OR
spectrum signal. (06 Marks)
10 a. Explain the generation and demodulation of DSinspread
wireless LANS. (04 Marks)
b. Write a note on,application of spread spectrum
IS-95 reverse link. (06 Marks)
C. With ançat block diagram, explain the
* * *2 of2 ***
 GBCS SCHEME 18EC61

USN
Examination, Jan./Feb. 2023
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree
Digital Communication
Max. Marks: 100
malpractice.
Time: 3 hrs.
module.
FIVE full questions, choosing ONEfullquestion from each
Note: AnSwer any
as Module-1 (10 Marks)
treated its properties. representation of band pass system.
1 a. Explain Hilbert transform andcomplex low pass (10 Marks)
the
pages.
be b. Derive the expression for
will
blank OR (10 Marks)
50,
Band-pass signal.
=
remaining
42+8 2 Describe the canonicálrepresentation of
b. Find out the hibert transform of
eg, g(t) =cos2tFt + sin2tFt (04 Marks)
thewritten g)4ent ii) Unipolar RZ
ii)
line code for the binary sequence 10110011 i) Unipolar NRZ (06 Marks)
on C. Sketch the
lines
equations iii) Manchester coding.
cross Module-2 signal is
representation of signals. Also show that energy of the (10Marks)
/or
diagonal Describe the geometric
3 a
vector representing it. (10 Marks)
and
aI equal to squared length of the
mean, variance and
cÓvariance of correlator outputs.
evaluator expression of
draw b. Find out the
OR diagrams.
compulsorily
receiver and matched filter receiver with relevant (10 Marks)
to correlation
appeal 4 a. Explain the s1(t), sz(t) and
procedure to obtain an orthonormal basis for the signals function.
Apply Gram-Schmidt orthonormal basis
identification,b. Fig.Q.4(b). Write s1(t), S2(t) and s3(t) interms of
answers, Ss(t) as shown in
Sit)
your M 2
of
completing
revealing
4&ty 2

On
Any

:1.2.
Note
Important

2 3
Fig.Q.4(b) (10 Marks)

lof2
 a,
Describe wilh neat diagram the Module-3
generation and detcction of BPSK. Also
18eCo
b. probability of eror for coherent detection.
Using block diagram. explain the gencration and detcction of QPSK signal. derive the
(10 Marks)
(10 Marks)
6 OR
Derive the expression for average probability of error for FSK using coherent
Explain transmitter
C.
and coherent receiver of FSK.
Explain with block diagran1 the non-coherent
Encode the binary Sequence using DPSK 11011011.detection of FSK signals. (06
detection.
(10 Marks)
Marks)
Assume reference bit as 1
(04 Marks)
7 a.
Explain the digital PAM Module-4
Interference transmission system. Also derive the
Illustrate the(1SI).
expression for Inter
Symbol
domain. due-binary and modified duo-binary signals in time-domain and (10 Marks)
frequency
(10Marks)
a.
Describe the Nyquist criterion for OR
the ideal distortion less base band binary
I he inputsolution transmission and find out
b. for zero-ISI.
to the preorder is a
Sequence, binary sequence 100.1 0 1 10 0. (10 Marks)
transmitted
for due-binary system. amplitude levels, the received signal levels and theObtain the preceded
C.
Write short note on-eye decoded sequence
diagram. (06 Marks)
(04 Marks)
9 a.
lustrate the working of Module-5
b.
block diagram,
waveforms Direct-sequence spread spectrum transmitter
and and
expression.
Explain frequency hop spread spectrum receiver with
system with neat block diagram. (10Marks)
10
(10Marks)
à.
b. Illustrate the CDMAsystem forward linkOR
Write note on base on IS-95:
C.
Obtain the PN application of spread
sequence from the spectrum in wireless LAN's. (10 Marks)
given PN sequence (04 Marks)
generator, assume 100 is a initial state.
(06 Marks)

C3

Fig.Q.10(c)
 CBCS SGHEME 18EC61
USN
July/August 2022
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination,
Digital Communication
Max. Marks: 100
Time: 3 hrs.

malpractice. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONEfullquestion from each module.
Note :
Module-1 its Hilbert
applications of Hilbert transform? Prove that a signal g(t) and (08 Marks)
1 a What are the interval (-00, o).
transform g(t)are orthogonal over the entire time
as
treated
0100000001011construct :
b. For a binarysequence ii) Manchester format iii) B3ZS format iv) B6ZS format
be i) RZ Bipolar format (08 Marks)
will v) HDB3 format. sketch the
signal. Given a band pass signal S(t),
blank
50, Define Pre-envelope ofa real valued Marks)
and Comnplex envelope S (t). (04
C.
signal S(), Pre-envelope S.(t)
=
remaining
42+8 amplitude spectra of
OR deriving the in
eg,
Bandpass signal S(t) in canonical form. Also explain the scheme for (08 Marks)
thewriten 2 a. Express components of the band pass signal S(t).
phase and quadrature pass systems.
on complex low pass representation of band (08 Marks)
lincs
equations b. Derive the expression for the (04 Marks)
cross c. Write a note on HDBN signaling.
/or
diagonal Module-2 combination of N
and geometric representation of set of M energy signals as linear necessary diagrams
3 a. Explain the the case N =2 and M=3 with
evaluator
draw orthonormal basis functions. Illustrate for (10 Marks)
and expressions. (10 Marks)
compulsorily the Correlation receiver using product integrator and matched filter.
b. Explain
to
appeal OR
Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, find a set of orthonormal basis
the Gram Q4(a). Also
4
identification,
a. Using
represent the three signals S;(t) , S(t) and S3(t) shown in Fig. (12 Marks)
answers, functions to of basis functions.
of the set
express each of these signals in terms
your
of
conpleting Js,t) 2

revealing
2
2 3
On Any
1, 2.
:
Note
Fig. Q4(a) -3
Important

of the j correlator output X;depends only on Sii

b. Show that for a noisy input, the mean value variance equal to the PSD No of
and all the corelator outputs X;, j=1, 2, ......N have a
(08 Marks)
the additive noise process W(t).
l of 2
 binary P
probabilityof
expressionforerror -shift
5 a.
Derivethe detection offdifferential
phase keying, (08withMa
andoptinum
generation
Explain the link at a rate of10° bits/sec and the PSD
b. block diagram. microwave ma
transmitted over a carrier powerrequired to
Abinary data
is Find the average
C.
receiver is 10" watts/Hz.
coherent binary FSK Whatis the required chan1:
noiseatthe <10 for (06 Mar
probabilty of error P, S
average =0.9998).
bandwidth?(Givenerf(2.6)
OR
detection of binary frequency sh
diagram, explain the non - coherent
block (08 Mark
6 a. With a neat
keying technique.
are observed. Transmitted binary data rate = 2.5 x 1r
data
b. In aFSK system, following WGN= 10 Watts/Hz. Amplitude of received signal in th
bits/second PSD of zero mean A
symbol eTor assumine
absence of noise = IuV. Determine the average probabil1ty of
coherent detection. (Given erf(2.5)= 0.99959). (08 Marks)
- ary QAM over M- ary PSK system? Obtain the constellation
c. What is the advantage of M
of QAM for M=4 and draw signal space diagram. (04 Marks)
Module-4
7 a. With a neat block diagram, explain the digital PAM technique through band limited base
band channels. Also obtain the expression for inter symbol
b. State and prove Nyquist condition for zero interference. (08 Marks)
ISI.
c. With neat diagram and relevant (08 Marks)
expression, explain the concept of adaptive equalization.
(04 Marks)
a. For abinary data OR
sequence fdn given by 1 1101 001.
transmitted
b. Draw and sequence, received sequence and the decoded Deterimine the precoded sequence,
explain the
duo binary signal. time - domain and frequency domain sequence. (06 Marks)
of duo - binary
C
With neat diagram, and modified
explain the
interpretation for base band binary datatiming features pertaining to eye (08 Marks)
a.
transmission system. diagram and its
b Explain the model of a Spread Module-5 (06 Marks)
Explain effect of
the Spectrum digital
dispreadi
Spectrum System(DSSS). ADSSS ng on a narrow Communication
band system.
intended receiver is 10*,If the signal is interference in Direct (08 Marks)
designed to have the power Sequence Spread
minimisumaPNvalue of desired Ep =
10for ratio at the
What acceptable performance
C

are the processiExplngaigain.

sequence? n
properties ML sequences? generation of
of the determine the
10 a.
Withe th aneat block maximum length (ML- (08Marks)
b. Withtermsa neatChip ratedi,agram, explain
OR Sequence). What
Jamminexplg Margi
block diagram, frequency
ain the CDMAProHopped
n and
(04 Marks)
cessing gain.Spread Spectrum
System based on IS - 95. Technique.(10 Explain
Marks)
(10 Marks)
2 of 2
 5 a.
Module-3
Derive the expression for error probability of binary PSK using coherent detection. 18EC
b. (06 Marks)
Explan thegeneration and optimum detcction of different ial phase shift kcying, with
block diagram. neat
(08 Marks)
C.
A binary data is transmitted over amicrowave link at a rateof 10" bits/sec and the PSD of
noise at the rcceiver is 10:" watts/Hz. Find the average carrIer power required to maintain an
average probability oferror P, s 10 for coherent binary FSK. What is the required channel
bandwidth? (Given erf (2.6) = 0.9998). (06 Marks)

OR
6 a. With a ncat block diagram, cxplain the non - coherent detection of binary frequency shift
(08 Marks)
keying technique.
b. In a FSK system, following data are observed. Transmitted binary data rate = 2.5 x 10°
bits/second PSD ofzero mean AWGN = 10 Watts/Hz. Amplitude ofreceived signal in the
absence of noise = lV. Determine the average probability of symbol error assuming
coherent detection. (Given erf (2.5) =0.99959). (08 Marks)
C. What is the advantage of M ary QAM over M- ary PSK system? Obtain the constellation
(04 Marks)
of QAM for M = 4and draw signal space diagram.
Module-4
7 a. \With a neat block diagram, explain the digital PAM technique through band limited base
band channels. Also obtain the expression for inter symbol interference. (08 Marks)
(08 Marks)
b. State and prove Nyquist condition for zero ISI.
C. With neat diagram and relevant exxpression, explain the concept of adaptive equalization. (04 Marks)

OR
8 a. For a binary data sequence fdn} given by 1 1 10 1001. Determine the precoded sequence,
(06 Marks)
transmitted sequence, received sequence and the decoded sequence.
binary and modified
b. Dravw and explain the time domain and frequency domain of duo -
(08 Marks)
duo binary signal.
C. With neat diagram, explain the timing features pertaining to eye diagram and its
interpretation for base band binary data transmissiOn system. (06 Marks)

Module-5
Explain the model of aSpread Spectrum digital Communication system. (08Marks)
9 a.
Spread
b. Explain the effect of dispreading on a narrow band interference in Direct Sequence
at the
Spectrum System (DSSS). A DSSS signal is designed to have the power ratio 'R /PN
intended receiver is 10*. If the desired E = 10 for acceptable performance determine the
(08 Marks)
minimum value of processing gain.
Sequence). What
C. What is a PN sequence? Explain the generation of maximum length (ML - (04 Marks)
are the properties of ML sequences?
OR
Technique. Explain
10 a With a neat block diagram, explain frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (10 Marks)
the terms Chip rate, Jamming Margin and Processing gain.
on IS - 95. (10 Marks)
b With aneat block diagram, explain the CDMA System based
 USN
CBGS Seheme
15EC61

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree

Examination, June/July 2018
Digital Communication
Time: 3 hrs.
malpractice. Max. Marks: 80
Note: AnSwer any FIVE full qùestions, choosing one full quesion from each
module.
as Module-1
trcated a. Define Hilbert transfor, List the properties of the Hilbert transform. (04 Marks)
b. Obtain the
be C.
canonicalrepresentation of band pass signals.
What is line coding? For the binary stream 011010 sketch the following line codes:
(06 Marks)
will i) Unipo l¡r NRZ
50. ii) Polar NRZ
1 =
renmaining
42+8
ii) Unpolar RZ
iv) Bipo lar RZ
eg, V) Manchester (06 Marks)
thewrittcn
on OR
linescquátions Define pre-envelope of a real valued signal. Given a band pass signal s(t)%sketch the
cross amplitude spectra of signal s(), pre-envelope s{(t) and complex envelope a(1)04 Marks)
D. Derive the expression for the complex low pass representation of band pass systems.
diagonal
/or (08 Marks)
and C Write a note on HDBN signaling. (04 Marks)
evaluator
dravw Module-2
3
compulsorily
a
Explain the geometric representation of signals. Show that énergy of the signal is equal to
to the squared length of the vector representing it. (08 Marks)
appeal b. Derive the expressions for mean and variance of the correlátor outputs. Also show that the
correlator outputs are statistically independent. (08 Marks)
identification,
answers,
OR
a. Explain the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization pròcedure. (06 Marks)
your b. Obtain the maximum likelihood decision rule.for the signal detection problem. (10 Marks)
of
completing
revealing Module-3
a. Explain the signal space representation for binary phase shift keying modulation. Also
derive the expression for the<probability of error for the binary phase shift keying. (10 Marks)
On Any b. With a neat block diagram, èxplain the generation and coherent detection of QPSK signals.
1. (06 Marks)
:
Note
OR
0mportant 6 a With aneat block diagram, explain the non-coherent detection of binary frequency shift
keying technique. (04 Marks)
b. Derive ai expression for probability of error of binary frequency shift keying technique.
Also draw the block diagrams of BFSK transmitter and coherent receiver. (10 Marks)
C. Forthe binarysequence given by 10010011, illustrate the operation of DPSK. (02 Marks)

lof 2
 15EC6I
Module-4
diagram of digital PAM system obtain the expression for inter symbol
7 a With aneat block (06 Marks)
interference (IS). (06 Marks)
b. State and prove Nyquistcondition for zero (S1. the precoded sequence,
For the binary data sequence {dn} given by 11101001. Determine
C. transmitted (04 Marks)
sequence, received sequence and the decoded sequence.

OR
a. Explain the design of band limited signals with controlled ISI. (10Marks)
b. What is a zero forcing equalizer? With a neat block diagram, explain the operation of linear
transversal filter. (06 Marks)

Module-5
9 a. Explain the modelofa spread spectrum digital communication system. (06 Marks)
b. Explain the generation and demodulation of direct sequence spread spectrum
signals with
necessary equation and block diagram. (07 Marks)
C Write a note
on low detectability signal transmission as an
spread spectrum. application of direct sequence
(03 Marks)

10 a.
OR
With a neat block
b. Explain the effect diagram, explain the
of despreading on afrequency hopped spread spectrum. (07 Marks)
Narrow band
spectrum systems. Adirect sequence spread spectrum interference in direct sequence, spread
signal is designed to have the power
ratio Pa/PN at the intended receiver is
10. If the desired EN = 0. for
C
performance,determine the minimum value of
Write a note on code division processing gain. acceptable
spectrum. multiple access asan (06 Marks)
application of direct sequence spread
(03 Marks)
 8
USN
10EC/TE61
Sixth Sem ester B.E.
Degree ion, June/July 2018
DigitalCounication
20%

Time: 3 hrs.
malpractice. Max. Marks: 100
Note: Answeran FIVE full questions,
selecting
as
treated
1 a. Discuss in br PART-A
sUIaIIR
pages.
be and disadvantages of digital communication over analog
will communicatin,
b. Specify thé ypes of digital communication channels. Compare coaxial (08 Marks)
50, fiber cab cable and optical
= (06 Marks)
42+8
C
A signa g(t) =10cos(20xt) cos(200t) is sampled at a rate of 250
A Sketch spectrum of the sampled signal. samples/sec.
eg, AM cut-off frequency of reconstruction filter.
written Specify the Nyquist rate.
ator's
Explain the three basic functions of a Regenerative Repeater in a PCM a neat
block diagram. (06 Marks)
b. 24 Analog signals, each having a bandwidth of 10 kHz are to be time divion multiplexed
and transmitted via PAM/AM. Aguard band of 5 kHz is required O 6 / 2 0
transmission
from the PAM samples of each signal:
i) Determine the sampling rate for each signal.
ii) Transmission Band width. (04 Marks)
C. What is meant by Robust quantization? Derive the equaion fÑr Variance of quantization
Error (o ) from the basic principle of Non-uniformquáizet. (10 Marks)

3 a. A 1O kHz sinusoid with arc amplitude is to be sampled and quantized by

rounding off. How many numbers of bits are yrequired to ensure a quantization SNR of
45 dB? What is the Bit rate of the digiafsigpal? If the sampling Rate is twice the Nyquist
Rate.
(04 Marks)
b. With a neat diagram, explain the conceptbf digital hierarchy in a Multiplexer. (08 Marks)
C. Consider a binary sequence with thevalues ta for symbol 1 and -a for symbol 0, with ta
and -a are equiprobable. the power spectral density for NRZ polar format and
plot the spectra. (08 Marks)

4
a. Explain in brief witnat diagram the concept of baseband data transmission. (10 Marks)
b. For the input bina data 1011101, obtain the output pre-coder and output duobinary coder.
Explain how,data can be detected at the Receiver. (06 Marks)
c. Explain inbrietWith aneat diagram adaptive equalization. (04 Marks)

PART -B
5 a. a neat diagram working of () coherent BPSK (i) QPSK transmitter.
(10 Marks)
lof2
 s8:34t.

10EC/TES)
b. A binary data is transmitted using ASK over AWAYhannal at a rate of 2.4 Mbps. The

carrier amplitude at the Receiver is 1mv. NoisePS.D =10-5 Watts/Hz. Find the
Average Probability of Error if the detecto Sbherent, Erfc(5) =3 x 10°. (06 Marks)
C. A binary data stream is encoded usingVbPK. Determine the encoded and
for the sequence 101101100. decoded output
(04 Marks)
6
a. Define
b. Prove theconceptual model gfaigital communication system.
Gram-Schmidt orthogonalizationprocedure. (08 Marks)
(12 Marks)
7 a,
State and prove prorerties of the
b. matched filter.
Explain witkSnat diagram, Correlation (10 Marks)
Receiver. (10 Marks)
8
Writé hort notes on any
a.
Genefion FOUR:
of PN sequence 00

b.sS
Pàst andtransmitter and receiverwith example
slow frequency
hopping
Applications ofandspread spectrum
PN sequences their properties.
(

2 0 / 0 6 2 0 1 8

J U N E - J U L Y - 1 8

E X A M S

V T U

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