Diksha - 6 To 8
Diksha - 6 To 8
Diksha - 6 To 8
ikB~;iqLrdksa dk laiw.kZ gy
6-8
nh{kkµ6
1. vk jgh jfo dh lokjh
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) çLrqr dfork esa fdldh lokjh vk jgh gS\
(i) jfo dh 3 (ii) ckny dh
([k) iFk fdlls ltk gS\
(i) dfy&oqQlqe ls 3 (ii) vuqpjksa ls
(x) çLrqr dfork esa dfy dk D;k vFkZ gS\
(i) f[kyk gqvk iwQy (ii) fcuk f[kyk iwQy 3
(?k) jkr dk jktk lw;Z osQ vkus ij D;k cu x;k gS\
(i) nkuh (ii) fHk[kkjh 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) fogx dk dhfrZ&xk;u vkSj rkjdksa dh iQkSt dk Hkkxuk gesa D;k laosQr
ns jgk gS\
mRrj% fogx dk dhfrZ&xk;u ;kuh i{kh xk;u djosQ viuk ;'k iSQyk jgs gSA rkjdksa
dh iQkSt ;kfu jkr osQ lHkh rkjs Hkkx x, vkSj va/dkj ij mtkys dh fot;
gqbZ gSA
([k) dfork esa jFk] vuqpj vkSj fHk[kkjh dkSu gSa\
mRrj% dfork es uo fdj.kksa us jFk] cknyksa us vuqpj dh vkSj paæek us fHk[kkjh dh
Hkwfedk dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
(x) dfork dk Hkko tkfu, vkSj crkb, fd jkr dk jktk dkSu gS\
mRrj% dfork dk Hkko ;g gS fd jfo dh lokjh vFkkZr izkr% lw;Z osQ fudyus ls gS
vkSj jkr dk jktk paæek gSA
(?k) dfork dh og iafDr fyf[k,] ftlls Li"V gksrk gS fd paæek dk
lkSan;Z iQhdk iM+ x;k gSA
mRrj% ^jkr dk jktk [kM+k gS] jkg esa cudj fHk[kkjh* ls Li"V gksrk gS fd paæek dk
lkSan;Z iQhdk iM+ x;k gSA
gksjkbtu izsl 2 nh{kk&[6-8]
(Ä) çLrqr dfork osQ ys[kd dkSu gSa\
mRrj% çLrqr dfork osQ jpf;rk gfjoa'k jk; cPpu th gSaA
4. fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
fogx] canh vkSj pkj.k]
xk jgs gSa dhfrZ&xk;u]
NksM+dj eSnku Hkkxh]
rkjdksa dh iQkSt lkjhA
vk jgh jfo dh lokjhA
vk'k;µ bu iafDr;ksa esa dfo osQ dgus dk vk'k; ;g gS fd lw;Z dh lokjh vkrs gh
vFkkZr~ lw;Z dh igyh fdj.k osQ vkrs gh lHkh i{kh pgpgk mBrs gSa vkSj HkkV
jktk osQ ;'k dk xk;u djus yxrs gSaA lw;Z dh fdj.ksa vius rst dks bruk
iSQyk pqdh gS fd paæek vkSj vufxur rkjksa dk çdk'k iQhdk iM+ tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ ,slk çrhr gksrk gS] ekuksa va/dkj :ih 'k=kq dk uk'k djrs gq, lw;Z dk
jFk nkSM+k pyk vk jgk gksA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
dfork esa ;kstd fpg~u (µ) dk ç;ksx rhu LFkkuksa ij fd;k x;k gSµ
(d) cknyksa&ls cknyksa dh ^rqyuk* lsodksa ls djus osQ fy,
([k) dfy&oqQlqe dfy vkSj oqQlqe osQ chp ^vkSj* osQ fy,
(x) dhfrZ&xk;u dhfrZ vkSj xk;u osQ chp ^dk* 'kCn osQ fy,
vc fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ;kstd fpg~u dk ç;ksx fdlfy, fd;k x;k gS]
fyf[k,µ
(d) jkLrs osQ nksuksa vksj gjs&Hkjs isM+ yxs FksA
gjs vkSj Hkjs osQ chp ^vkSj* osQ fy,
([k) ;qn~/ {ks=k esa jkuh dh ryokj fctyh&lh ped jgh FkhA
ryokj dh ^rqyuk* fctyh ls djus osQ fy,
(x) oSQnh&thou cM+k va/dkje; gksrk gSA
oSQnh vkSj thou osQ chp ^dk* 'kCn osQ fy,
v Hkk"kk&Kku
i;kZ;okph 'kCn mu 'kCnksa dks dgrs gSa] tks lkekU;r% fdlh ,d gh oLrq ;k Hkko dk
cks/ djkrs gSaA i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dks lekukFkZd ;k lekukFkhZ 'kCn Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ
vkdk'k µ vkleku uHk xxu
vk¡[k µ p{kq u;u ykspu
gksjkbtu izsl 3 nh{kk&[6-8]
bZ'oj µ çHkq Hkxoku ijekRek
dey µ iadt uhjt tyt
x.ks'k µ ycksanj xtkuu nard
unh µ lfjrk rfVuh rjafx.kh
ckny µ es?k ?ku tyn
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. og phuh HkkbZ
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) isQjhokyk D;k csprk gS\
(i) diM+k 3 (ii) fctyh dk lkeku
([k) isQjhokyk nksckjk fdrus fnu ckn vk;k\
(i) chl fnu ckn (ii) iaæg fnu ckn 3
(x) çLrqr ikB esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu gS\
(i) cukjl (ii) bykgkckn 3
(?k) Mksjksa dk jax oSQlk Fkk\
(i) Hkwjk 3 (ii) dkyk
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) isQjhokyk dyk osQ laca/ esa oSQlk Kku j[krk Fkk\
mRrj% phuh isQjhokyk dyk osQ laca/ esa fo'ks"k Kku j[krk FkkA uhyh nhokj ij fdl
jax osQ fp=k lqanj yxrs gaS] gjs oqQ'ku ij fdl izdkj osQ i{kh vPNs yxsaxs
vkfn osQ fo"k; esa phuh mruh tkudkjh j[krk Fkk] ftruh tkudkjh fdlh
vPNs dykdkj dks gksrh gSA
([k) isQjhokys osQ cpiu osQ le; dk o.kZu dhft,A
mRrj% phuh osQ firk dh ekMys esa ,d pk; dh nqqdku FkhA phuh osQ iSnk gksrs gh
mldh ekrk ej xbZ vkSj firk us nwljh cehZ phuh L=kh dks iRuh cuk;kA tc
og ik¡p o"kZ dk gqvk Fkk] mlosQ firk us ,d nq?kZVuk esa vius izk.k [kks fn,A
mlls lkr o"kZ cM+h cgu us mls ikykA fiQj ,d fnu cgu ckgj xbZ vkSj
ykSVh gh ughaA ckyd phuh cgu dks [kkstus osQ fy, xyh&xyh esa ekjk&ekjk
gksjkbtu izsl 4 nh{kk&[6-8]
fiQjus yxkA bl izdkj HkVdrk gqvk og ,d fnu tscdrjksa osQ gkFk yx x;kA
ogk¡ mls twBk Hkkstu rkephuh osQ ,d Vs<+s crZu esa [kkus dks fn;k tkrk FkkA
cgqr jkr gks tkus ij ml ujd osQ lkFkh ,d&,d djosQ vkrs jgrs vkSj BaM
esa floqQM+dj ysVs gq, bl phuh ckyd dks Bqdjkrs gq, vkxs fudy tkrsA
la;ksx us mlosQ thou dh fn'kk dks bl izdkj cny fn;k fd og ,d diM+sa
dh nqdku ij O;kikj dh fon~;k lh[kus yxkA
(x) phuh isQjhokys dh bPNk,¡ D;k Fkha\
mRrj% phuh isQjhokys dh nks bPNk,¡ Fkhµ ,d bZekunkj cuus dh vkSj nwljh viuh
cgu dks <¡w<+ ysus dhA
(?k) fdlh [kknh HkDr us ysf[kdk ij D;k vk{ksi fd;k Fkk\
mRrj% fdlh [kknh HkDr us ysf[kdk ij ;g vk{ksi fd;k fd tks yksx ckgj ls
fo'kqn~/ [kn~nj/kjh gksrs gSa] os Hkh fons'kh js'ke osQ Fkku [kjhndj j[krs gSaA
blfy, ns'k dh mUufr ugha gksrhA
(Ä) ysf[kdk osQ vuqlkj isQjhokys dk pfj=k&fp=k.k dhft,A
mRrj% phuh isQjhokys dk o.kZu ysf[kdk us fuEu izdkj fd;k gSµ /wy ls eVeSys
lisQn fdjfep osQ twrs esa NksVs iSj fNik,] irywu vkSj iktkes dk lfEefJr
ifj.kke tSlk iktkek vkSj oqQjrk rFkk dksV dh ,drk osQ vk/kj ij flyk
dksV igus] m/M+s gq, fdukjksa ls iqjkusiu dh ?kks"k.kk djrs gq,]
nqcyh&iryh&ukVh tks ewfrZ [kM+h Fkh] og rks 'kk'or phuh gSA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) esjs ikl #i;k jguk gh dfBu gS] vf/d #i, dh rks ppkZ gh D;k\
vk'k;µ çLrqr iafDr esa ysf[kdk dgrh gS fd tc phuh dks vius ns'k tkuk Fkk] rks
ysf[kdk osQ ikl mlosQ diM+ksa dk xV~Bj [kjhnus osQ iSls ugha FksA fiQj Hkh
ysf[kdk us oqQN iSls [kkstdj vkSj nwljksa ls m/kj ysdj phuh dk pkbuk tkus
dk çca/ dj fn;kA
([k) tks yksx ckgj ls fo'kqn~/ [kn~nj/kjh gksrs gSa] os Hkh fons'kh js'ke osQ
Fkku [kjhndj j[krs gSaA
vk'k;µ bu iafDr;ksa esa ysf[kdk dk dgus dk vk'k; ;g gS fd ysf[kdk osQ ikl
js'ke dk cgqr cM+k Fkku Fkk] ftldks [kknh iguus okys ,d O;fDr us ns[kk
vkSj ysf[kdk ij vkjksi yxk;k fd Hkkjrh; gksrs gq, Hkh vkSj [kn~nj iguus osQ
ckotwn Hkh mUgksaus js'ke dk Fkku [kjhndj j[kk gqvk gSA Hkkjr ns'k dh mUufr
bu dkj.kksa ls gh ugha gks ikbZ D;ksafd ge Lons'kh NksM+dj fons'kh oLrq,¡ viuk
jgs gSaA
gksjkbtu izsl 5 nh{kk&[6-8]
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. egknsoh oekZ th dh Hkk"kk cM+h ljl ,oa dgkorksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA bl ikB esa
ç;qDr gqbZ fuEufyf[kr dgkorksa dk vFkZ fyf[k,µ
(d) gkse djrs gkFk tyk µ ijksidkj djrs viuk uqdlku gksuk
([k) vk¡[k osQ va/s uke u;ulq[k µ xq.kksa osQ fo#n~/ uke gksukA
(x) pksjksa dh ckjkr esa viuh&viuh gksf'k;kjh
ew[kks± esa gj dksbZ Lo;a dks cqn~f/eku le>rk gSA
(?k) pksj osQ ?kj fNNksj µ nksf"k;ksa osQ chp esa funksZ"k
2. ^gkL;* 'kCn esa ^l* milxZ tksM+dj ^lgkL;* 'kCn cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS&
g¡lh osQ lkFkA blh çdkj uhps fy[ks 'kCnksa esa ^l* milxZ tksM+dj u, 'kCn
cukb, vkSj mudk vFkZ Hkh fyf[k,µ
(d) çse µ lçse vFkZ µ çse osQ lkFk
([k) Lusg µ lLusg vFkZ µ Lusg osQ lkFk
(x) g"kZ µ lg"kZ vFkZ µ g"kZ osQ lkFk
(?k) lEeku µ llEeku vFkZ µ lEeku osQ lkFk
(Ä) xoZ µ lxoZ vFkZ µ xoZ osQ lkFk
(p) Je µ lJe vFkZ µ Je osQ lkFk
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. fpg~u igpkfu,µ
;kstd fpg~u (&)
fooj.k fpg~u (%µ)
mn~/j.k fpg~u (^^**)
funsZ'k fpg~u (µ)
vc vko';drkuqlkj fpg~uksa dk ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) xk¡/h th dgrs Fks lR;eso t;rsA xk¡/h th dgrs Fks] ^^lR;eso t;rs**A
([k) jkelhrk vkSj jk/kÑ".k vkt Hkh tuekul osQ vkn'kZ gSaA
jke&lhrk vkSj jk/k&Ñ".k vkt Hkh tuekul osQ vkn'kZ gSaA
(x) lksgu D;k eSa vanj vkm¡Q\ lksguµ D;k eSa vanj vkm¡Q\
2. oqQN 'kCnksa ij è;ku nhft,µ ck¡xM+] mpDosQ] cs/M+d] gypyA ;s 'kCn vke
cksypky dh Hkk"kk ls fy, x, gSaA bUgsa ns'kt 'kCn dgrs gSaA blh çdkj osQ
oqQN vU; ns'kt 'kCn fyf[k,µ
dkoM+ Vksyk <k¡x FkwFku
4. viuk&viuk 'kkSd
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) irax mM+kus osQ lkFk fdl nwljs 'kkSd dh ckr tksM+h xbZ gS\
(i) 'krjat [ksyus dh 3 (ii) ckxokuh djus dh
([k) yksxksa osQ vf/dka'k 'kkSd oSQls gksrs gSa\
(i) lkekU; 3 (ii) ikjaifjd
(x) fdlosQ vk tkus ls fMtkbu cukuk ljy gks x;k gS\
(i) fp=kdkjksa osQ (ii) oaQI;wVj osQ 3
(?k) ikB osQ vuqlkj fdls [kkstus dk viuk viuk gh etk gksrk gS\
(i) tkuojksa dks (ii) vifjfpr jkgksa dks 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) vktdy yksx i=k fy[kuk D;ksa Hkwyrs tk jgs gSa\
mRrj% vktdy yksx i=k fy[kuk blfy, Hkwyrs tk jgs gSa D;ksafd eksckby iQksu dk
iz;ksx cgqr vf/d yksx djus yxs gSaA
([k) tc 'kkSd ls /u dek;k tkus yxs rks mls D;k dgrs gSa\
mRrj% tc 'kkSd ls /u dek;k tkus yxs] rc mls O;kikj dgrs gSaA
gksjkbtu izsl 9 nh{kk&[6-8]
(x) Mkd&fVdV laxzg dk 'kkSd D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS\
mRrj% Mkd&fVdV laxzg djus dk 'kkSd cgqr fo'ks"k gksrk gSA vf/drj yksx iqjkus]
iz;ksx esa yk, x, Mkd&fVdVksa dk laxzg djrs gSaA u, vkSj fcuk eqgj yxs
Mkd&fVdVksa dk mruk egRo ugha gksrk] ftruk Mkd?kj dh eqgj yxs fVdVksa
dk gksrk gSA Mkd?kj dh eqgj ftruh vf/d Li"V gksxh] fVdV mruk gh
ewY;oku ekuk tk,xkA bl eqgj esa fn[kus okyh rkjh[k dk Hkh fo'ks"k egRo
gksrk gSA ;g rkjh[k ftruh iqjkuh gksrh tkrh gS] Mkd&fVdV mruk gh dherh
gksrk tkrk gSA laxzg djus okys yksx Mkd foHkkx n~okjk u;k fVdV tkjh gksus
ij] mls [kjhndj viuh ,yce esa yxk ysrs gSaA
(?k) frrfy;ksa osQ ia[kksa dk laxzg yksx D;ksa djrs Fks\
mRrj% oqQN yksx frrfy;ksa osQ ia[kksa dk laxzg blfy, djrs Fks D;ksafd frryh osQ
ia[kksa okyh ,yce dks diM+k cukus okyh feysa Å¡ph dher ij [kjhn ysrh
FkhaA frryh osQ ia[kksa osQ fMtkbu ls diM+ksa dk fMtkbu cukus esa mUgsa enn
feyrh FkhA
(Ä) vkiosQ vuqlkj fdl çdkj osQ 'kkSd mfpr ugha gksrs gSa\
mRrj% oqQN 'kkSd cM+s Mjkous gksrs gSaA oqQN cPps lM+d osQ oqQRrksa dks iRFkj ekjrs
pyrs gSaA oqQN rkykc osQ esa<dksa dks ekjdj lq[k izkIr djrs gSaA fpfM+;ksa o
fxygfj;ksa dks xqysy ls ;k NjsZ okyh canwd ls ekjuk Hkh f?kukSuk 'kkSd gSA blh
rjg dk ,d 'kkSd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij oqQN fy[kus dk gksrk gSA oqQN yksx
isM+ksa osQ rus ij pkowQ ls xksn&xksndj fy[krs gSaA oqQN yksx ,sfrgkfld bekjrksa
ij uke fy[k nsrs gSaA bl rjg osQ 'kkSd fdlh Hkh rjg mfpr ugha gksrs gSaA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) 'kkSd tc FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, gksrk gS] rc mls 'kkSd dgrs gSa fdarq ;fn
dksbZ 'kkSd fdlh osQ thou dk mn~ns'; cu tk, rks mls yr dgrs gSaA
vk'k;µ bl okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd tc dksbZ dk;Z oqQN le; osQ fy, fd;k
tkrk gS] rks og 'kkSd dgykrk gS] ysfdu ;fn dksbZ dk;Z yxkrkj fd;k tk,
vkSj mls fd, fcuk O;fDr jg u ik,] rks og vknr ;k yr dgykrh gSA
([k) 'kkSd ogh vPNk gksrk gS] ftlls nwljksa dks d"V u igq¡ps] i;kZoj.k
LoPN jgs vkSj gekjh lkaLÑfrd /jksgj ij dksbZ nkx u yxsA
vk'k;µ bl okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd oqQN O;fDr vius 'kkSd dks iwjk djus osQ
fy, nwljksa dks d"V igq¡pkrs gSa] i;kZoj.k vkSj lkaLÑfrd /jksgjksa dks uqdlku
igq¡pkrs gSa_ tSlsµ fpfM+;ksa vkfn dks ekjuk] isM+ksa ij uke [kksnuk] ,sfrgkfld
bekjrksa ij uke fy[kuk vkfnA ,sls 'kkSd vPNs ugha gksrsA vr% gesa ,sls 'kkSd
djus pkfg,] ftlls fdlh dks Hkh dksbZ uqdlku u gksA
gksjkbtu izsl 10 nh{kk&[6-8]
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnfy,µ
yykbu ykyk dof;=kh dfo
iafMr iafMrkbu f'k{kd f'kf{kdk
lezkV lezkKh o/q oj
2. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) vk'p;Z µ ccyw dh lqanj fp=kdkjh ns[kdj eq>s cgqr vk'p;Z gqvkA
([k) laxzg µ eSaus vius iqLrdky; esa vusd dfo;ksa osQ dfork&laxzg
,d=k fd, gSaA
(x) ewY;oku µ esjs nknkth dh nh gqbZ gj oLrq esjs fy, cgqr ewY;oku gSA
(?k) vifjfpr µ eqacbZ osQ lHkh jkLrksa ls eSa vifjfpr FkkA
(Ä) ekSfyd µ dfo lEesyu esa eSaus viuh ekSfyd jpuk lqukbZA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
foykse dk vFkZ gS& foijhrA tc nks 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ ,d&nwljs osQ foijhr gksa rks mUgsa
foykse 'kCn dgrs gSaA bUgsa foijhrkFkZd vkSj foi;kZ; 'kCn Hkh dgrs gSaA tSls ^dBksj*
dk foykse 'kCn gS ^dksey*A
uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
ve`r µ fo"k vkfLrd µ ukfLrd
t; µ ijkt; ohj µ dk;j
xq.k µ voxq.k ltho µ futhZo
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
6. var%iqj dk j{kd
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) Hkæfxfj jkT; esa dkSu&ls jktk jkT; djrs Fks\
(i) jktk foØe (ii) jktk ujsaæ 3
([k) rhFkZ;k=kk djrs gq, lk/q dgk¡ ls vk, Fks\
(i) cnfjdk 3 (ii) lqanj ou
(x) jkT; esa 'kL=k fon~;kvksa dk çn'kZu fdl ioZ ij gksrk Fkk\
(i) gksyh (ii) fot;n'keh 3
(?k) lsukè;{k cuus ls fdlus badkj dj fn;k\
(i) lqlsu us 3 (ii) csrky us
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) lq/eZ vkSj lqlsu osQ fo"k; esa crkrs gq, mudh ;ksX;rkvksa esa varj Li"V
dhft,A
mRrj% lq/eZ vkSj lqlsu Hkæfxfj jkT; osQ jktk ujsaæ osQ iq=k FksA nksuksa dh #fp;k¡ fHkUu
FkhaA lq/eZ tgk¡ jktuhfr o /eZ'kkL=kksa esa vf/d #fp fn[kkrk rks lqlsu
;qn~/dyk esaA bl izdkj nksuksa dh ;ksX;rk esa varj FkkA
([k) lq/eZ osQ LFkku ij jktk cuus osQ fy, dkSu] fdlls feyk\
mRrj% lq/eZ osQ LFkku ij lqlsu jktk cuuk pkgrk FkkA blosQ fy, og ,dkar esa
jktxq# ls tkdj feykA
(x) lqlsu dks jktxq# us D;k le>k;k\
mRrj% jktxq# us lqlsu dks le>k;kµ ¶vius LokFkZ osQ fy, ijaijkvksa dks rksM+uk
mfpr ugha gSA {k.kksa dh nsjh gh lgh] T;s"B rks T;s"B gh gksrk gSA vf/dkj
çkIr djus osQ fy, mls vLohdkj djuk vuFkZnk;d fln~/ gks ldrk gSA
vius jktk cuus dh vkdka{kk NksM+ nks] ;gh Js;Ldj gksxkA egkjkt dh
bPNkuqlkj rqe lsukè;{k cuks vkSj vxzt dk lkFk nsrs gq, jkT; dh j{kk dh
ftEesnkfj;ksa dks laHkkyksA blh ls rqEgkjh vkSj rqEgkjs oa'k dh izfr"Bk c<+ sxhA¸
gksjkbtu izsl 14 nh{kk&[6-8]
(?k) oYyHk dkSu Fkk\ mlus ijkØe dk dkSu&lk dke fd;k\
mRrj% oYyHk egy dk ç/ku jlksb;k FkkA oYyHk us lSfud u gksrs gq, Hkh ryokj
gkFk esa ysdj 'k=kq lSfudksa osQ fljksa dks /M+ ls vyx djosQ cM+k ijkØe dk
dke fd;kA
(Ä) jktk lq/eZ us lsukifr osQ ctk, jlksb, dh ç'kalk D;ksa dh\
mRrj% jktk lq/eZ us lsukifr dh ctk; jlksb, dh ça'klk blfy, dh D;ksafd og
lSfud u gksrs gq, Hkh ,d oqQ'ky ;ksn~/k dh rjg 'k=kqvksa ls yM+ kA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) jktu! esjh le> esa ugha vkrk fd fdlls ç'kalk çkIr djus osQ fy,
bl Hka;dj okrkoj.k esa d"V >sy jgs gks\
vk'k;µ mDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd csrky foØe ls ç'u djrs gq, iwNrk gS
fd og fdlls ça'klk çkIr djuk pkgrk gS] tks bl Hk;kud taxy osQ
okrkoj.k esa d"V mBk jgk gSA mls rks fdlh dh ç'kalk dh vko';drk gh
ugha gSA bl çdkj csrky foØe ls ç'u djrs gq, mudks ,d dgkuh lqukdj
vius ç'u dk gy iwNrk gSA
([k) foaQrq lqlsu ;qn~/ esa vlk/kj.k çfrHkk fn[kkrs gq, ;g fn[kkus dh
dksf'k'k djrk fd og cM+s HkkbZ ls dgha vf/d vkxs gSA blosQ fy, og
gnksa dks ikj Hkh dj tkrk vkSj oqQfVy ekxks± dks Hkh viukus ls ihNs ugha
gVrkA
vk'k;µ mDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd lqlsu vkSj lq/eZ nksuksa HkkbZ ;qn~/
fon~;kvksa es fuiq.k Fks foaQrq O;ogkj esa nksuksa gh vyx FksA tc nksuksa osQ chp
non~ao ;qn~/ gksrk rks lq/eZ tku&cw>dj gkj tkrk vkSj bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku
j[krk dgha lqlsu ?kk;y u gksA exj lqlsu vius vkidks cM+s HkkbZ ls vf/d
çfrHkkoku fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k djrk vkSj blosQ fy, og lHkh gnksa dks ikj
djrs gq, oqQfVy jkLrksa dks viukus ls Hkh ihNs ugha gVrk FkkA
5. fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\
(d) ^^jktflagklu ij cSBus dk vf/dkj eq>s gh gSA** lqlsu us] jktxq# lsA
([k) ^^vius LokFkZ osQ fy, ijaijkvksa dks rksM+uk mfpr ugha gSA**
jktxq# us] lqlsu lsA
(x) ^^eq>s ftldk Hk; Fkk] ogh gksus tk jgk gSA** egkjkt us] jktxq# lsA
(?k) ^^Hkfo"; esa rqEgsa Hkæfxfj dk jktk Hkh cukm¡QxkA**
'olqj nqtZ; us] nkekn lqlsu lsA
gksjkbtu izsl 15 nh{kk&[6-8]
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. ikB esa vk, fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ mPpkj.k dk vH;kl dhft,µ
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vuqdj.k dj okD; cukb,µ
(d) vkf[kj ,d ;qod gh rks gSA vkf[kj cPpk gh rks gSA
([k) T;s"B rks T;s"B gh gksrk gSA HkkbZ rks HkkbZ gh gksrk gSA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. ^fuj~* milxZ dk vFkZ gSµ ^jfgr*] ^fcuk*] ^ckgj* vkfnA fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa
esa fuj~ milxZ tksM+dj u, 'kCn cukb,µ
xq.k µ fuxqZ.k ty µ futZy
cy µ fucZy fodkj µ fufoZdkj
vijk/ µ fujijk/
2. fuEufyf[kr leLr inksa dk foxzg dhft,µ
xtxkfeuh µ xt (gkFkh) osQ leku pky okyh
xxuHksn µ xxu (vkdk'k) dks Hksnus okyk
v'okjksgh µ v'o (?kksM+s) ij lokjh djus okyk
'kf'keq[k µ 'kf'k (paæek) osQ leku eq[k okyh
deyu;u µ dey osQ leku u;u (vk¡[k) okyh
3. la;qDr O;atuksa osQ :i le>dj oqQN vU; 'kCn cukb,µ
n~ $ j ¾ æ] æfor æO;
r~ $ ; ¾ R;] R;kx R;ksgkj
o~Q $ r ¾ Dr] foHkDr vklDr
o~ $ ; ¾ O;] O;olk; O;kikj
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
7. LokfHkeku
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) fdysafFkl fdl ns'k esa vè;;u djrk Fkk\
(i) ;wuku esa 3 (ii) :l esa
gksjkbtu izsl 16 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) fdysafFkl i<+kbZ esa fdl LFkku ij vkrk Fkk\
(i) lcls uhps (ii) vOoy 3
(x) fdysafFkl ij fdl ckr dk vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k\
(i) ekjihV dk (ii) pksjh dk 3
(?k) ckyd dh okLrfod fLFkfr tkudj tt vkSj lHkh ns[kus&lquus okys D;k gks
x,\
(i) Øksf/r (ii) æfor 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) fdysafFkl osQ lgikfB;ksa us mlosQ fo#n~/ D;k "kM~;a=k fd;k\
mRrj% fdysafFkl osQ lgikfB;ksa us mlosQ fo#n~/ ,d "kM~;a=k dj mls pksjh osQ >wBs
vkjksi esa idM+ ok fn;kA
([k) U;k;k/h'k us fdysafFkl ls D;k Li"Vhdj.k ek¡xk\
mRrj% fdysafFkl ij pksjh djus dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k FkkA pksjh osQ vkjksi osQ fo"k;
esa gh U;k;k/h'k us fdysafFkl ls Li"Vhdj.k ek¡xkA
(x) fdysafFkl viuk 'kqYd fdl çdkj ls tek djrk Fkk\
mRrj% fdysafFkl jkst lqcg oqQ,¡ ls ikuh [khapdj ekyh dks nsrkA ekyh mlosQ cnys
mls oqQN flDosQ nsrkA fiQj fdysafFkl ,d o`n~/k osQ ;gk¡ tkdj ?kaVs&nks&?kaVs
vukt dh filkbZ djrkA o`n~/k Hkh mlosQ cnys mls oqQN flDosQ nsrhA bl
çdkj fdysafFkl dfBu ifjJe djosQ viuk 'kqYd tek djrkA
(?k) ckyd dks funksZ"k tkudj U;k;k/h'k us mldh D;k lgk;rk djuh
pkgh\
mRrj% ckyd dh funksZ"krk dks tkudj U;k;k/h'k us ckyd osQ ikyu&iks"k.k vkSj
f'k{kk&nh{kk gsrq mlosQ ifjokj dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsdj mldh lgk;rk
djuh pkghA
(Ä) fdysafFkl us D;k roZQ nsdj ljdkjh lgk;rk ysus ls euk dj fn;k\
mRrj% fdysafFkl osQ ekrk&firk us mls lh[k nh Fkh fd gesa ,slk ,d Hkh iSlk
Lohdkj ugha djuk pkfg,] ftlosQ fy, geus ifjJe u fd;k gks vFkkZr~
esgur djosQ gh vius [kpZ iwjs djus pkfg,A blfy, fdysafFkl us ljdkjh
lgk;rk dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA
4. fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\
(d) ^^rqe ij vkjksi gS fd pksjh djosQ rqe fon~;ky; dk 'kqYd nsrs gksA**
U;k;k/h'k us] ckyd fdysafFkl ls
gksjkbtu izsl 17 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) ^^;g ckyd jkst lqcg vkdj oqQ,¡ ls ikuh [khaprk gSA**
ekyh us] tt ls
(x) ^^Jheku] eSa fdjk, ij vukt ihlus dk dke djrh gw¡A**
o`n~/k us] tt ls
(?k) ^^vkils ;gh vis{kk djrk gw¡ fd eq>s viuh esgur ls viuk [kpZ pykus
nsaA** ckyd us] tt ls
5. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) eSa ljdkj dks vkns'k nsrk gw¡ fd rqEgkjs ifjokj dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk
rqjar nh tk, vkSj rc rd nh tk,] tc rd rqe viuh f'k{kk iwjh dj
fdlh dke /a/s esa ugha yx tkrsA
vk'k;µ mDr okD; esa crk;k x;k gS fd tc U;k;k/h'k dks ckyd dh funksZ"krk osQ
ckjs esa irk pyk rks mlus ckyd osQ ifjokj dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus vkSj
mldh f'k{kk&nh{kk] ikyu&iks"k.k dh lHkh t#jrsa rc rd iwjh djus osQ fy,
ljdkj dks vkns'k fn,µ tc rd fd og ckyd dke&/a/s ij u yx tk,A
([k) vr% vkidh n;k Hkkouk osQ fy, eSa vkidk vkHkkjh gw¡ vkSj vkils
;gh vis{kk djrk gw¡ fd eq>s viuh esgur ls viuk [kpZ pykus nsaA
vk'k;µ mDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd tc U;k;k/h'k us fdysafFkl osQ ifjokj
dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus osQ fy, dgk rks fdysafFkl us mudh Hkkoukvksa dk
lEeku djrs gq, fouezrkiwoZd lgk;rk ysus ls euk dj fn;kA fdysafFkl us
dgk fd og ifjJe djosQ gh iSlk dekuk pgkrk gS fdlh dh n;k ls ughaA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. if<+, vkSj lef>,µ
nfjæ µ fu/Zu xjhc
"kM~;a=k µ pky lkft'k
;s lHkh 'kCn lekukFkhZ gSaA blh çdkj bu 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks lekukFkhZ 'kCn
fyf[k,µ
(d) /uh µ vehj nkSyrean ([k) oaQtwl µ Ñi.k lwe
(x) fo'kky µ cM+k foLrkj (?k) [kq'kgky µ laiUu lq[kh
2. thou dk vafre iM+ko gS& e`R;qA
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
gksjkbtu izsl 18 nh{kk&[6-8]
8. udyph ukbZ
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) çLrqr dgkuh fdl xk¡o dh gS\
(i) fd'kuiqj 3 (ii) fd'kux<+
([k) ukbZ dk D;k uke Fkk\
(i) ohuw (ii) nhuw 3
(x) 'kkL=kh th fo'ks"k iwtk fdl volj ij djrs Fks\
(i) nhokyh ij 3 (ii) gksyh ij
(?k) nhuw us viuh ukd fdlls dkVh\
(i) pkowQ ls (ii) mLrjs ls 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) 'kkL=kh th viuk lEeku gksus ij D;k dgrs Fks\
mRrj% 'kkL=kh th viuk lEeku gksus ij ;g dgrs Fks fd eSaus fiNys tUe esa t:j
vPNs dk;Z fd, gksaxs] ftl dkj.k bl tUe esa eq>s yksxksa n~okjk bruk lEeku
feyrk gSA
([k) 'kkL=kh th dh udy dkSu vkSj D;ksa djrk Fkk\
mRrj% 'kkL=kh th dh udy nhuw djrk Fkk D;ksafd og lksprk Fkk fd bl tUe esa
vPNs deZ djosQ mls Hkh viuk vkus okyk tUe lq/kj ysuk pkfg,A
(x) 'kkL=kh th us viuh iRuh dks D;k vkSj D;ksa le>k;k\
mRrj% 'kkL=kh th us viuh iRuh dks le>krs gq, dgk] ¶;g nhuw jkst&jkst esjh
udy djosQ eq>s fp<+krk jgrk gSA eSaus bldh vDy fBdkus yxkus dh ,d
rjdhc lksph gSA vkt 'kke dks eSa rqels dgw¡xk fd jkr osQ ckjg cts esjh
ukd dkV nksA dy nhokyh ij ,d ubZ vkSj lqanj ukd vk tk,xhA rqe
dguk&okg! vki rks gj lky viuh ukd dVokrs gh gSa vkSj ubZ lqanj ukd
vk tkrh gSA bl ckj Hkh ,slk gh d:¡xhA¸ bl çdkj 'kkL=kh th us nhuw dks
lcd fl[kkus osQ fy, ;g dk;Z fd;kA
(?k) nhuw us nhokyh dh jkr D;k fd;k\
mRrj% nhuw us nhokyh dh jkr viuh isVh ls rst /kj okyk mLrjk fudkykA nks&rhu
ckj gkFk ij mls rst fd;k vkSj cM+h liQkbZ ls viuh ukd dkV MkyhA
gksjkbtu izsl 19 nh{kk&[6-8]
(Ä) bl dgkuh ls vkidks D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
mRrj% bl dgkuh ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd udy djuk dHkh&dHkh cgqr
uqdlkunk;d gksrk gSA blfy, dHkh Hkh nwljksa dh udy ugha djuk pkfg,A
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) vc nhuw çfrfnu 'kkL=kh th dks ns[krk vkSj tks Hkh os djrs] ogh og
Hkh djus yxkA
vk'k;µ mijksDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fdlh dh Hkh udy djuk xyr ckr gSA
D;ksafd nwljksa dh udy djus ls O;fDr Lo;a dk gh uqdlku dj cSBrk gSA
nhuw ,d ,slk gh O;fDr gS] tks vius iM+ksl esa jgus okys 'kkL=kh th dks ns[krk
gS vkSj tks Hkh dk;Z 'kkL=kh th djrs gSa] nhuw mudh udy mrkjrk vkSj ogh
dk;Z djrk FkkA
([k) dkSu tkus nhuw dHkh okil vk,xk Hkh ;k ughaA
vk'k;µ mijksDr okD; esa vk'kadk O;Dr dh xbZ gS fd nhuw us 'kkL=kh th dh udy
mrkjus osQ dkj.k viuh ukd Lo;a gh dkV nhA ml fnu osQ ckn og dgha
pyk x;kA viuh bl ew[kZrk osQ dkj.k D;k irk vc og xk¡o okyksa osQ lkeus
dHkh vk,xk Hkh ;k ughaA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa og 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft,] ftlosQ dkj.k okD; xyr
gks jgk gSµ
(d) 'kkL=kh th iwtk djosQ vkjrh djrs vkSj 'ka[k ctkrkA
([k) os nhuw dks lcd yxkus dh lkspus yxsA
(x) nhokyh dk R;ksgkj nwj vk jgk FkkA
(?k) ;g ubZ ckrksa lqudj og pkSad x;kA
2. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) lEeku µ vieku ([k) vPNk µ cqjk
(x) fudV µ nwj (?k) jkr µ fnu
3. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) xk¡o µ xzke] nsgkr ([k) iqjksfgr µ iafMr] iqtkjh
(x) fudV µ ikl] lehi (?k) ubZ µ uohu] uwru
4. okD; osQ nks Hkkx gksrs gSaµ (d) mn~ns'; ([k) fo/s;
(d) mn~ns';µ og O;fDr ;k oLrq] ftlosQ fo"k; esa oqQN dgk tkrk gS] mls
mn~ns'; dgrs gSaA
([k) fo/s;µ okD; esa mn~ns'; ;k drkZ osQ fo"k; esa tks oqQN dgk tkrk gS] mls
fo/s; dgrs gSaA
gksjkbtu izsl 20 nh{kk&[6-8]
tSlsµ 'kkL=kh th us dgk] ^^;g nhuw jkst esjh udy djrk gSA**
mn~ns'; fo/s;
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mn~ns'; o fo/s; Nk¡Vdj vyx&vyx fyf[k,µ
1- nhuw 'kkL=kh th dk iM+kslh Fkk] tks mudh udy djrk FkkA
mn~ns';µ nhuw 'kkL=kh th dk iM+kslh Fkk]
fo/s;µ tks mudh udy djrk FkkA
2- iRuh us dgkµ gk¡] gk¡! eq>s irk gS fd D;k djuk gSA
mn~ns';µ iRuh us dgk]
fo/s;µ gk¡ gk¡! eq>s irk gS fd D;k djuk gSA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. ^lq* milxZ dk vFkZ gS ^vPNk*A fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ igys ^lq* milxZ
yxkdj muosQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ
O;oLFkk µ lqO;oLFkk vFkZ µ vPNh O;oLFkk
'khy µ lq'khy vFkZ µ vPNs LoHkko okyk
Lokn µ lqLokn vFkZ µ vPNk Lokn
volj µ lqvolj vFkZ µ vPNk volj
oqQekj µ lqoqQekj vFkZ µ dksey (vPNs) vaxksa okyk
o.kZ µ lqo.kZ vFkZ µ lqanj (vPNs) o.kZ dk
2. laf/ foPNsn dhft,µ
Lok/hu µ Lo $ v/hu bPNkuqlkj µ bPNk $ vuqlkj
ijksidkjh µ ij $ midkjh xzh"ekodk'k µ xzh"e $ vodk'k
ioZrkjksgh µ ioZr $ vkjksgh fon~;ky; µ fon~;k $ vky;
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
10. bZnxkg
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) jetku osQ fdrus jkstksa osQ ckn bZn vkrh gS\
(i) rhl 3 (ii) chl
([k) yM+dksa dh tscksa esa D;k Hkjk Fkk\
(i) oaQps (ii) iSls 3
(x) gkfen dh Vksih oSQlh Fkh\
(i) iqjkuh 3 (ii) ubZ
(?k) eksgflu us D;k [kjhnk Fkk\
(i) fHk'rh 3 (ii) odhy
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) vehuk bZn osQ fnu Hkh D;ksa jks jgh Fkh\
mRrj% vehuk bZn osQ fnu blfy, jks jgh Fkh] D;ksafd bZn osQ fnu Hkh mlosQ ?kj esa
vukt dk ,d Hkh nkuk ugha FkkA xk¡o osQ lHkh cPps vius&vius firk osQ
lkFk bZnxkg tk jgs Fks] ysfdu mlosQ iksrs gkfen osQ firk dh e`R;q gks pqdh
FkhA vehuk lksp jgh Fkh fd NksVk&lk cPpk bruh nwj bZnxkg esa vosQyk oSQls
tk,xkA
gksjkbtu izsl 24 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) gkfen dks bZnxkg Hkstus esa vehuk D;ksa Mj jgh Fkh\
mRrj% gkfen dks bZnxkg Hkstus esa vehuk blfy, Mj jgh Fkh D;ksafd xk¡o osQ lHkh
cPps vius&vius cki osQ lkFk tk jgs Fks vkSj vehuk osQ flok gkfen dk
dksbZ ugha FkkA vehuk dks Mj Fkk fd esys dh HkhM+&HkkM+ es dgha gkfen
vosQyk [kks uk tk, pyrs&pyrs mlosQ iSjkas esa Nkys u iM+ tk,¡] D;ksafd
mlosQ ikl twrs Hkh ugha FksA
(x) bZnxkg esa uekt oSQls vnk dh tkrh gS\
mRrj% bZnxkg es uekt i<+us osQ fy, iQ'kZ ij tkfte fcNk gqvk gS vkSj uekt i<+us
okyksa dh iafDr;k¡ ,d osQ ihNs ,d cgqr nwj rd gksrh gSaA u, vkus okys
vkdj ihNs dh drkj es [kM+s gks tkrs gSa vkSj lHkh yksx ,d lkFk feydj
uekt i<+rs gSaA
(?k) gkfen o gkfen osQ lkfFk;ksa us esys esa D;k&D;k [kjhnk\
mRrj% gkfen osQ nksLr egewn us flikgh [kjhnk] eksgflu us fHk'rh ilan fd;k] uwjs us
odhy [kjhnk] lEeh us /ksfcu vkSj gkfen us viuh nknh osQ fy, fpeVk
[kjhnkA
(Ä) vehuk dks igys xqLlk D;ksa vk;k\ fiQj mldk xqLlk I;kj esa oSQls
cny x;k\
mRrj% vehuk dks igys xqLlk blfy, vk;k D;ksafd gkfen us nksigj rd oqQN Hkh
ugha [kk;k FkkA ysfdu vehuk us tSls gh gkfen osQ eq¡g ls ;s 'kCn lqus fd
jksfV;k¡ cukrs le; mldh nknh dh maxfy;k¡ ty tkrh Fkh] blfy, og
fpeVk ysdj vk;k] rks vehuk dk xqLlk rqjar I;kj esa cny x;kA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) vkt bZn dk fnu vkSj mlosQ ?kj esa ,d Hkh nkuk ughaA
vk'k;µ bl okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd bZn dk R;ksgkj vkilh I;kj vkSj [kqf'k;ksa
dk çrhd gksrk gSA exj xjhc vehuk viuh dksBjh esa cSBh blfy, jks jgh gS]
D;ksafd R;ksgkj osQ fnu mlosQ ?kj esa vUu dk ,d Hkh nkuk ugha gS] ftlls og
bZn dk R;ksgkj euk losQA
([k) gkfen us vijk/h Hkko ls dgk] ^^rqEgkjh m¡xfy;k¡ ros ls ty tkrh
Fkh_ blfy, eSaus bls ys fy;kA**
vk'k;µ bl okD; esa ys[kd ,d NksVs cPps osQ viuh nknh osQ çfr I;kj dh Hkkouk
osQ ckjs esa crkrs gq, dgrk gS fd cPpk esys ls vius fy, [ksy&f[kykSus dk
lkeku u ysdj] viuh nknh osQ fy, fpeVk [kjhnrk gS] D;ksafd mlosQ fy,
jksVh cukrs le;] mldh cw<+h nknh osQ gkFk ty tkrs FksA
gksjkbtu izsl 25 nh{kk&[6-8]
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. ^vehuk dk Øks/ rqjar Lusg esa cny x;k*A bl okD; esa nksuksa 'kCn ,d nwljs ls
foijhr vFkZ j[krs gSaA
blh okD; osQ vuqlkj uhps osQ okD;ksa esa Hkh foijhr (foykse) 'kCn
fyf[k,µ
(d) vke ehBk Fkk tcfd uhe dM+okA
([k) gal dk jax lisQn tcfd dkS, dk jax dkyk gSA
(x) jksgu d{kk esa lcls cqn~f/eku vkSj 'kksfHkr lcls ew[kZ gSA
2. fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dks vius cuk, okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ
(d) ij yx tkuk µ lksgu dks esys esa tkus dh bruh [kq'kh Fkh fd og lcls
vkxs Hkkxk tk jgk Fkk] tSls mlosQ rks ij yx x, FksA
([k) f[kfl;k tkuk µ pksjh djrs gq, idM+s tkus ij jfo f[kfl;k x;kA
(x) ijyksd fl/kjuk µ jkgqy dh nknh dh chekjh Bhd u gksus osQ dkj.k os
ijyksd fl/kj xb±A
(?k) eu xn~xn gksuk µ lksgu dks d{kk esa izFke vkus ij iqjLdkj feyrs
ns[kdj [kq'kh ls mldh ek¡ dk eu xn~xn gks mBkA
3. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls milxZ vyx djosQ fyf[k,_ tSlsµcsle> ¾ cs $ le>
(d) csijokg µ cs $ ijokg ([k) csdlwj µ cs $ dlwj
(x) csbZeku µ cs $ bZeku (?k) cspSu µ cs $ pSu
4. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh orZuh 'kqn~/ djosQ fyf[k,µ
(d) vkoZQ"k.k µ vkd"kZ.k ([k) 'kapkyu µ lapkyu
(x) jg'; µ jgL; (?k) izyksd µ ijyksd
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk varj Li"V dhft,µ
(d) dksl µ nwjh dh eki ([k) dks"k µ [ktkuk
(x) mis{kk µ frjLdkj (?k) vis{kk µ rqyuk esa] bPNk
v O;kdj.k&Kku
eqgkojsµ ,sls okD;ka'k] tks vius 'kkfCnd vFkZ ls vyx dksbZ nwljk gh vFkZ O;Dr
djrs gSa] eqgkojs dgykrs gSaA buosQ dkj.k Hkk"kk vf/d çHkko'kkyh cu tkrh gSA
,d mnkgj.k nsf[k,µ ^vk¡[k dk rkjk* bldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS ^vk¡[k dh iqryh*
exj bldk nwljk vFkZ ^vf/d I;kjk gksuk* gSA
okD; lef>,µ ^jke dkS'kY;k dh vk¡[k osQ rkjs Fks] vr% ;gk¡ bl okD; dk vFkZ
gSµ jke dkS'kY;k dks vf/d I;kjs FksA
gksjkbtu izsl 26 nh{kk&[6-8]
fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, budk okD;ksa esa ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) dkyk v{kj HkSal cjkcj µ ,dne vui<+A
okD; ç;ksx µ dksey osQ fy, rks dkyk v{kj HkSal cjkcj
gS] rqe mlls i=k i<+us dks dg jgs gksA
([k) vDy cM+h ;k HkSal µ cqn~f/ rkdr ls cM+h gksrh gSA
okD; ç;ksx µ rqels iQy ykus dks dgk Fkk] rqe ys vk,
lhrkiQyA ;g rks vDy cM+h ;k HkSal okyh
ckr gks xbZA
(x) vius eq¡g fe;k feV~Bw cuuk µ viuh ç'kalk Lo;a djukA
okD; ç;ksx µ dksbZ vkSj mldh rkjhiQ ugha djrk] og rks [kqn
gh vius eq¡g fe;k¡ feV~Bw curk jgrk gSA
(?k) viuk mYyw lh/k djuk µ viuk dke fudkyukA
okD; ç;ksx µ jfo dk fo'okl er djksA og osQoy viuk
mYyw lh/k djus osQ fy, rqEgkjs lkFk
fpidk gqvk gSA
(Ä) fry dk rkM+ cukuk µ NksVh&lh ckr dks c<+kdj dgukA
okD; ç;ksx µ vjs! rqeus rks ml NksVh&lh ?kVuk dks fry
dk rkM+ cukdj lcdks lquk;kA
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
11. Lons'k
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ikB esa ys[kd fdlls ckrsa dj jgk gS\
(i) fons'k ls (ii) Lons'k ls 3
([k) Lons'k us fdlosQ vR;kpkj lgs\
(i) vkØe.kdkfj;ksa osQ 3 (ii) ns'kokfl;ksa osQ
(x) ys[kd Lons'k osQ fdl le; dks ;kn djosQ ijs'kku gS\
(i) orZeku dks (ii) vrhr dks 3
gksjkbtu izsl 27 nh{kk&[6-8]
(?k) fdl dkj.k ls Lons'k dks vth.kZ gks x;k gS\
(i) laink ls 3 (ii) lq[k ls
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) ikB osQ vuqlkj Lons'k us fdu&fdu vkØe.kdkfj;ksa osQ vR;kpkj
pqipki lgs\
mRrj% ikB osQ vuqlkj Lons'k us eqgEen xkSjh] egewn xtuoh] ukfnj'kkg vkSj rSewj
yax tSls vkØe.kdkfj;ksa osQ vR;kpkj pqipki lg fy,A
([k) Lons'k us vR;kpkfj;ksa dks {kek djosQ fdl Hkkouk dk ifjp; fn;k
gS\ vius mRrj osQ i{k esa roZQ Hkh nhft,A
mRrj% Lons'k us vR;kpkfj;ksa dks {kek djosQ viuh mnkjrk dk ifjp; fn;kA tc
Lons'k osQ iq=kkas us viuh {kerk ls vR;kpkfj;kas dks idM+k] canh cuk;k ij
{kek djosQ NksM+ fn;k A mUgha iq=kksa dks vR;kpkfj;ksa us Ny ls ekjk ij tc os
Lons'k dh xksn esa vk iM+]s rks Lons'k osQ ykM+ ys mlosQ ikl vk,] mUgksus jks"k
Hkjs us=kksa ls dgk] ¶firk! ;g D;k\ rqEgkjh f'k{kk osQ dkj.k geus bUgsa {kek
fd;kA ij bUgksaus Ny ls gekjk loZuk'k fd;kA¸ rc Lons'k us mUgsa Nkrh esa
fNikdj dgkµ¶tkus nks ;s fcuk ek&¡ cki osQ] rqEgkjs cki dks viuk cki cukus
vk, gaSA ;s rqEgkjs HkkbZ gSaA yk!s budk gkFk yks!¸ bruk dgdj mudk gkFk
vius iq=kksa osQ gkFk esa feyk fn;kA
(x) ys[kd Lons'k dh fdu&fdu NVkvksa ij eqX/ gksrk gS\
mRrj% xzh"e dh laè;k dks uSuhrky esa] 'kjn dh iwf.kZek dks gfjn~okj dh xaxk esa]
olar osQ izHkko dks o`Q".k dh fogkjHkwfe eFkqjk esa] o"kkZ dh nksigjh dks vtesj
esa] ys[kd Lons'k dh NVk dks ns[kdj eqX/ gks x;k gSA og euksgjrk ys[kd
dh vk¡[kksa esa cl xbZ gS vkSj tUe Hkj clh jgsxhA
(?k) Lons'k dh dkSu&dkSu lh foHkwfr;k¡ ,slh gSa] tks vkSj dgha ugha fey
ldrh\
mRrj% ;s lqgkous lqugjs [ksr] ;g LoPN uhyk vkdk'k] ;s cM+ s&cM+ s gkfFk;ksa dh
iafDr] ;s e/qj&jlhys vke osQ fuoqaQt ou] ;g xkSjh&xaxk] ';kek&tequk tSlh
foHkwfr;k¡ Lons'k osQ vykok vkSj dgha ugha fey ldrhA
(Ä) bl ikB ls vkidks D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
mRrj% bl ikB ls gesa vius vanj {kek dk xq.k fodflr djus o vius ns'k ls I;kj
djus dh f'k{kk feyrh gSA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) vk¡[kksa esa ekSt Fkh] gksBksa ij eqLdku] eu esa liQkbZ Fkh] ân; esa meax] u
15. eafty ij
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) O;fDr osQ diM+s oSQls Fks\
(i) u, (ii) dhpM+ ls yFkiFk 3
([k) yksx oSQlh cgl esa yxs gq, Fks\
(i) ckSn~f/d 3 (ii) vfodflr
(x) ?kVuk LFky ij fdrus vf/dkjh vk, Fks\
(i) nks&rhu (ii) ik¡p&N% 3
(?k) oSQejkeSu dk D;k uke Fkk\
(i) ckypan 3 (ii) ekepan
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) csgks'k vkneh dks ns[kdj vk/qfud nqfu;k osQ yksxksa us D;k fVIi.kh
dh\
mRrj% ykxs cgsk'sk vkneh dks ?kjss g,q FkAs ^vthc vkneh fn[krk g!S ,dne nl w jh
nfqu;k dk]* ,d cky s k fiQj lc cky s us yx_s ^lpep q Hk[wk I;kl yxrh g]S
FkdkoV gkrsh gS vkjS pkVs Hkh yxrh g-S--rkTtcq g!S* gk¡ luqk gS igys ,l s s bl
a ku
gkrss Fk-s-- fy[kus okys budh gl ¡ h] eLqdjkgV] n%q[k vkjS ihM+ k dks n[skdj
cM+ h&cM+ h fdrkcas fy[kk djrs FkAs e> q s rks rkTtcq gks jgk gS fd ,l
s s ykxskas dks
n[skus oQs ckn os fy[k oQSls yrss FkAs*
^t:j oks Hkh blh oQs tl S s gkxasAs* os bl rjg ls fVIi.kh dj jgs FkAs
gksjkbtu izsl 38 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) vk/qfud nqfu;k dk euq"; liuk D;ksa ugha ns[k ldrk Fkk\
mRrj% vk/fqud nfqu;k dk eu"q; cjsxa vkdk'k vkjS fcuk ekl S e dk dkypØ n[sk jgk
gAS e'khuh irqykas tl S s bl
a kukas oQs liaoQZ eas jg jgk gAS blfy, vk/fqud nfqu;k dk
eu"q; liuk ugha n[sk ldrkA
(x) oaQVªksy :e ls D;k lwpuk çlkfjr gqbZ\
mRrj% oQaVªky
s :e ls ;g lp w uk il z kfjr gbqZ fd lc ykxs vius Åij fu;=ak.k j[kas ugha
rks lHkh dks lØ a e.k 'knq~f/ dh HkV~Bh eas ls xt q juk gkxsk vkjS dkbsZ Hkh dhVuk'kh
Lisz oQs fNM+ dko oQs fcuk ?kj ugha tk,] ojuk 'kgj eas egkekjh iQSy tk,xhA
(?k) o`n~/ us iqjkuh nqfu;k dks ;kn djosQ mldh D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,¡
crkbZ\
mRrj% o`n~/ us ijqkuh nfqu;k dks ;kn djoQs mldh fo'k"skrk,¡ crkrs g,q dgk fdµogk¡
clra dk ekl S e FkkA ogk¡ unh cgrh Fkh] >jus Fk]s oQq,¡ Fks vkjS vkleku ls ikuh
Hkh cjlrk FkkA ogk¡ oQs dbZ Lokn Fk]s dbZ :i Fk]s >xM+ k] iesz] oQwzjrk] n;k] Lugs
vkjS LokFkAZ ykxs fdruh vkjS dbZ rjg dh ckras dgrs vkjS luqrs FkAs v[kckj]
vkjSras vkjS iM+ kl s h lc bu ckrkas ls Hkjs gkrss FkAs
(Ä) yksx dhVuk'kd Lçs vkSj 'kqn~f/ HkV~Bh dh ckr lqudj D;ksa lge x,\
mRrj% ykxs dhVuk'kd Lisz dh ckr luqdj blfy, lge x, D;kfasd bl vR;f/d
ihM+ knkbZ Lisz oQs ckjs eas os tkurs FkAs mUgas igys Hkh db&ZdbZ ckj bl VLsV ls xt q kjk
x;k FkkA 'knq~f/ HkV~Bh rks vfare Hk;kog nMa FkkA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ^ukxiQuh osQ fgyrs&Mqyrs lk,] mldh ihyh vkSj iryh Ropk ij
ckj&ckj fcNs tk jgs FksA*
vk'k;µ çLrqr okD; esa ysf[kdk crkrh gS fd ,d vtuch O;fDr lw[kh jsr ij cM+ s
vLr&O;Lr <ax ls iljk gqvk FkkA og csgks'kh dh gkyr esa Fkk vkSj mldh
lkal py jgh FkhA ukxiQuh osQ ikS/s dh pkSM+h ifRr;ksa dh Nk;k ml vtuch
dh ihyh vkSj iryh Ropk ij ckj&ckj fc[kjrh tk jgh Fkh vkSj lHkh yksx
ml csgks'k O;fDr dks ns[kdj gSjku Fks fd ;g O;fDr dkSu g\S
([k) ^lPpkbZ xIi ls vf/d vk'p;Ztud gksrh gSA*
vk'k;µ çLrqr okD; osQ ekè;e ls ysf[kdk dguk pkgrh gS fd iqjkus tekus esa
yksx ,d&nwljs ls rjg&rjg dh ckrsa fd;k djrs FksA ;fn dksbZ ?kVuk gks tkrh
Fkh] rks lc vkneh] vkSjrsa] iM+ kslh vkil esa mldh ppkZ fd;k djrs FksA ;fn
dksbZ fdlh ls >wB Hkh cksyrk Fkk] rks yksx mldks lR; eku ysrs FksA vkt osQ
tekus esa euq"; fcyoqQy ,dkdh vkSj e'khuh thou xqtkj jgk gSA izse] n;k]
Lusg vkfn Hkko euq"; osQ thou ls dgha nwj pys x, gSaA
gksjkbtu izsl 39 nh{kk&[6-8]
(x) ^ge ekuo ugha] vfrekuo gSaA*
vk'k;µ çLrqr okD; esa ysf[kdk dgrh gS fd tc og csgks'k O;fDr mBdj [kM+ k
gksrk gSA rks ogk¡ ekStwn yksx mls viuk ifjp; nsrs gq, dgrs gSa fd os ekuo
ugha vfrekuo gSa vFkkZr~ lk/kj.k euq";ksa ls mPp gSaA os [kkuk ugha [kkr]s mUgsa
jkst ,d xksyh nh tkrh gS] tks muosQ thou dks lHkh t:jh rRo nsrh gS vkSj
os ftl okrkoj.k esa tkrs g]Sa vius 'kjhj dks mlosQ vuqowQy cuk ysrs gSaA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
bl dgkuh esa vaxzsth Hkk"kk osQ dbZ 'kCn ç;qDr gq, gSa] mUgsa muosQ fganh vFkks± ls
feykb,µ
lsUls'kuy laoknnkrk
oaQVªksy :e Hkksaiw
iQksVks eq[kkSVs tSlk vkoj.k
lk;ju fu;a=k.k&d{k
ekLd mRrstd
fjiksVZj fp=k
v O;kdj.k&Kku
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
17. rkuk&jhjh
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) njckj fdl ckn'kkg dk yxk Fkk\
(i) v'kksd (ii) vdcj 3
gksjkbtu izsl 43 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) viuh ftn ij dkSu vM+k Fkk\
(i) ckn'kkg 3 (ii) njckjh
(x) rkuk&jhjh osQ firk dk D;k uke Fkk\
(i) ioZr esgrk 3 (ii) nhid esgrk
(?k) iw.kZr;k LoLFk gksus osQ ckn rkulsu dgk¡ ykSV x,\
(i) vkxjk (ii) fnYyh 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) rkulsu dks vdcj osQ njckj esa nhid jkx D;ksa xkuk iM+k\ mldk D;k
ifj.kke fudyk\
mRrj% rkulsu dks vdcj osQ njckj es nhid jkx blfy, xkuk iM+k D;ksafd tc
ckn'kkg vdcj us rkulsu dks ^laxhr lezkV* cukus dk ,yku fd;k] rks
rkulsu ls bZ";kZ djus okys ,d xk;d us ckn'kkg osQ ikl tkdj] ;g vtZ
fd;k fd rkulsu dks laxhr lezkV rHkh ekuk tk,xk] tc os nhid jkx xkdj
lquk,¡xs vkSj nhid jkx xkus dk ;g ifj.kke gqvk fd rkulsu dk lkjk cnu
>qyl x;k vkSj muosQ 'kjhj ij iQiQksys gks x,A
([k) rkulsu osQ mQij iM+s nhid jkx osQ oqQçHkko dks fdlus vkSj oSQls nwj
fd;k\
mRrj% rkulsu osQ mQij iM+s nhid jkx osQ oqQçHkko dks laxhrkpk;Z ioZr esgrk dh
dU;kvksa ^rkuk*&^jhjh* us es?k eYgkj xkdj lgh fd;kA
(x) rkuk&jhjh us fdu 'krks± ij vdcj dks es?k eYgkj lquk;k\
mRrj% rkuk&jhjh us vdcj ckn'kkg osQ fy, ;g 'krZ j[kh fd xk;u uxj pkSd esa u
gksdj uxj ls ckgj rkykc esa gksxk rFkk ,d uko esa cSBdj os xk,¡xh vkSj
nwljh uko esa cSBdj ckn'kkg vkSj njckjh xk;u lqusaxsA
(?k) nksuksa cguksa us [kqnoqQ'kh D;ksa dh\
mRrj% tc nksuksa cguksa us es?k eYgkj xkuk 'kq: fd;k] rks ml oDr eè;kg~u dk lwjt
ri jgk Fkk] ysfdu tSls gh nksuksa cguksa us Loj Hkjs] f{kfrt ls ?kVk,¡ mB iM+h
cknyksa ls vkdk'k vkPNkfnr gks x;k vkSj ?ku?kksj o"kkZ gksus yxh ckn'kkg
vdcj vkSj muosQ njckjh ;g peRdkj ns[kdj cgqr [kq'k gq,] os mu nksuksa
dU;kvksa dks 'kkck'kh vkSj buke nsus osQ fy, tSls gh viuh uko dks ^rkuk*
^jhjh* osQ ikl ys tkus yxs] rks rkuk&jhjh us ckn'kkg dks viuh 'krZ Hkax djrs
ns[k viuh viuh dej ls dVkjsa fudkydj dysts esa Hkksad dj Lo;a viuh
thou yhyk lekIr dj nhA
gksjkbtu izsl 44 nh{kk&[6-8]
(Ä) nksuksa cguksa dh ;kn esa rkulsu us dkSu&lh çFkk pykbZ\
mRrj% nksuksa cguksa dh ;kn esa rkulsu us /qoin xk;u osQ çkjaHk esa rkuk&jhjh dk uke
ysdj vkyki djus dh çFkk pykbZA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ^^vkt ge rkulsu dks ^laxhr lezkV* dh inoh buk;r djrs gSaA**
vk'k;µ bl okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd ckn'kkg vdcj osQ njckj es rkulsu
/zqoin xkrs gS] rks lezkV vkSj vU; njckjh lHkh rkulsu dh cgqr ç'kalk djrs
gS vkSj ckn'kkg vdcj [kq'k gksdj njckfj;ksa dks lacksf/r djrs gq, dgrs gaS
fd rkulsu ls c<+dj xkus okyk nwljk dksbZ xk;d bl lalkj esa ugha gS
blfy, vkt ge rkulsu dks ^laxhr lezkV* dh inoh nsrs gSaA
([k) ^^os es?k eYgkj xkrh gSa rks rirh nqigjh esa Hkh iqjokbZ pyus yxrh gSA**
vk'k;µ mDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd rkulsu dk 'kjhj tc nhid jkx xk, tkus
ij >qyl x;k Fkk] rks rkuk&jhjh uked nks dU;kvksa us es?k eYgkj xkdj
rkulsu dks LoLFk fd;kA vdcj ckn'kkg osQ lkeus rkulsu rkuk&jhjh osQ
xk;u dh ç'kalk djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd tc nksuksa dU;k,¡ xkuk çkjaHk djrh gSa]
rks /wi ls rirh nksigj es Hkh BaMh iqjokbZ pyus yxrh gS vkSj ckny ?kqeM+rs
gSa] vkSj fctfy;k¡ pedus yxrh gSa vkSj ?ku?kks"k o"kkZ gksus yxrh gSA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks vFkZ fyf[k,µ
(d) dy µ chrk gqvk fnu] vkus okyk fnu
([k) tku µ çk.k] ekywe gksuk
(x) jkx µ laxhr dh 'kSyh] Loj
(?k) Loj µ o.kZ] vkokt
(Ä) cn µ cqjk] i'kqvksa dk ,d çdkj dk jksx
2. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks lgh inØe esa fyf[k,µ
(d) lc njckjh ^okg&okg! dj mBs] xkuk tSls gh lekIr gqvkA
tSls gh xkuk lekIr gqvk] lc njckjh okg&okg dj mBsA
([k) es?k eYgkj xk,xk gekjk njckjh xk;d c['kwA
gekjk njckjh xk;d c['kw es?k eYgkj xk,xkA
(x) eu çiqQfYyr vkSj ru fueZy gks x;kA rkulsu dk cjlrs ikuh esa ugkdjA
cjlrs ikuh esa ugkdj rkulsu dk ru fueZy vkSj eu çiqQfyr gks x;kA
(?k) rkulsu dks ysdj xqtjkr igq¡ps ckn'kkg BkB&ckV osQ lkFkA
ckn'kkg rkulsu dks ysdj BkB&ckV osQ lkFk xqtjkr igq¡psA
gksjkbtu izsl 45 nh{kk&[6-8]
v O;kdj.k&Kku
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
lekIr 'kq:vkr bZ";kZ çse
lezkV jad badkj bdjkj
tksf[ke vklku fueZy efyu
buke ltk thou e`R;q
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. esjs firk th
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ys[kd osQ firk dk D;k uke Fkk\
(i) iafMr jeknRr feJ 3 (ii) iafMr jkenRr feJ
([k) ys[kd osQ firk th us xk; dh lkuh fdrus cts dh Fkh\
(i) lkr cts (ii) ik¡p cts 3
(x) lxkbZ osQ fnu fdrus #i, m/kj ek¡xdj dke pyk;k x;k\
(i) N% gtkj #i, (ii) N% #i, 3
(?k) f'koiqjk.k dh dFkk osQ ;teku dkSu Fks\
(i) iqfyl dfe'uj (ii) fMIVh dyDVj 3
gksjkbtu izsl 53 nh{kk&[6-8]
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) ys[kd us vius firk dks ^nw/&feljh* vkSj ek¡ dks ^yky&fepZ* D;ksa
dgk gS\
mRrj% ys[kd us vius firk dks ^nw/&feljh* blfy, dgk gS] D;kasfd os cM+s gh 'kkar
LoHkko osQ Fks vkSj brus ehBs Fks fd lalkj dh dksbZ Hkh dM+okgV mu rd
igq¡prs&igq¡prs Lo;a ehBh gks tkrh FkhA ys[kd us viuh ek¡ dks yky&fepZ
blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd mudk LoHkko cgqr dM+ok FkkA os gj le; xqLls esa
jgrh Fkha vkSj fpYykdj cksyrh FkhaA
([k) vius iq=k dh gR;k gks tkus osQ ckn Hkh firk th us vijk/h dks D;ksa
NksM+ fn;k\
mRrj% vius iq=k dh gR;k gks tkus osQ ckn Hkh ys[kd osQ firk th us vijk/h dks
dksbZ naM ugha fnyok;kA ys[kd dh ekrk osQ iwNus ij firk th us Li"Vhdj.k
fn;k fd vc rks vkx ,d ?kj esa yxh gSA fiQj nksuksa ?kjksa esa yx tkrh] blls
D;k iQk;nk gksrk\
(x) firk th dks iq=kh osQ fookg osQ fy, #i, u gksus ij Hkh ?kcjkgV D;ksa u
Fkh\
mRrj% firk th dks iq=kh osQ fookg osQ fy, #i, u gksus ij Hkh ?kcjkgV blfy, ugha
Fkh] D;ksafd mUgsa vius BkoqQj th esa vikj Jn~/k FkhA mudk fo'okl Fkk fd
BkoqQj th osQ gkFk esa lc oqQN gS vkSj ogh mudh iq=kh dk fookg djsaxsA
(?k) cq<+kis esa firk th osQ LoLFk gksus osQ eq[; rhu dkj.k dkSu&dkSu ls Fks\
mRrj% cq<+kis esa Hkh firk th osQ LoLFk gksus osQ rhu eq[; dkj.k fuEufyf[kr Fksµ
(1) os fu;fer :i ls czg~ecsyk esa tkxrs Fks vkSj ugkus] [kkus] ?kweus vkfn
esa Hkh fu;fer jgrs FksA
(2) os lnk balku cudj jgrs Fks] Hkxoku cuus dk iz;kl ugha djrs FksA os
lq[k&nq%[k dh fpark ugha djrs FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk] fd lc dke BkoqQj th
dh bPNk ls gks jgk gSA vk;k Hkh mudk] x;k Hkh mudkA lq[k Hkh mudk] nq%[k
Hkh mudkA
(3) os ges'kk cPpksa esa [ksyrs FksA cPps mUgsa u;k thou vkSj iqQjrh nsrs FksA
os dgrs Fks fd esjs cky&fe=kksa esa vkSj cq<+kis esa ;qn~/ gks jgk gSA og eq>s
ftruk Fkdkrk gS] ;s mruh gh 'kfDr eq>s ns nsrs gSaA fdlh fnu rks cq<+kik
thrsxk gh] ij [kSj---- vHkh rks cspkjk fiV jgk gSA
(Ä) firk th iqjkuh ih<+h osQ gksrs gq, Hkh vk/qfud fopkj j[krs Fks] bl
dFku dh iqf"V ikB dh fdl ?kVuk ls gksrh gS\
mRrj% tc ys[kd us lkoZtfud :i ls viuh iRuh dks ijns ls ckgj yk [kM+k
gksjkbtu izsl 54 nh{kk&[6-8]
fd;k] rks dLcs osQ lHkh yksx bl ckr dh pjpk djus yxsA fdarq firk th us
ys[kd ls dgk fd ¶csVk] rw vius gh jkLrs ij pyA xjfe;ksa esa jtkbZ + vks<+uk
Bhd ugha gSA¸ bl ?kVuk ls bl rF; dh iqf"V gksrh gS fd firk th iqjkuh
ih<+h osQ gksrs gq, Hkh vk/qfud fopkj j[krs FksA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ckr ;g Fkh fd firk th losjs cgqr tYnh Hkkstu djosQ ?kj ls fudyrs
Fks] ij dy Hkkstu gks ldrk Fkk iwtk osQ ckn vkSj iwtk dh oaqQth Fkh
,d #i;kA
vk'k;µ çLrqr okD; esa crk;k x;k gS fd ys[kd osQ firk th us tc lkr #i, [kpZ
dj fn,] rks ys[kd dh ekrk th dks cgqr cqjk yxkA D;ksafd vxys fnu
R;ksgkj osQ fy, ,d #i, dh vko';drk FkhA ys[kd osQ firk th lqcg
tYnh mBdj Hkkstu djosQ ?kj ls fudyrs Fks ij lqcg iwtk ls igys Hkkstu
ugha gks ldrk Fkk] D;ksafd iwtu osQ fy, ,d #i, dh vko';drk Fkh] tks
ys[kd osQ firk th osQ ikl ugha FkkA
([k) lkekftd ijaijkvksa esa eSa ?kksj Økafrdkjh vkSj Hkkjr osQ cw<+s gSa ?kksj
nfd;kuwl] ij ge nksuksa esa dHkh VDdj ugha gqbZA
vk'k;µ fn, x, okD; esa ys[kd dgrk gS fd os viuh lkekftd ijaijkvksa osQ
nfd;kuwlh fopkjksa osQ f[kykiQ Fks vkSj Hkkjr osQ vU; o`n~/ ?kksj nfd;kuwlh
Fks] ys[kd osQ firk th Hkh lkekftd ijaijkvksa dks ekuus okys FksA ys[kd vkSj
muosQ firk th osQ fopkj fcyoqQy vyx gksus ij Hkh ys[kd dk vius firk
ls fdlh Hkh ckr dks ysdj dksbZ erHksn ugha gqvkA
4. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) dkepykmQµ fnus'k us ,d iqjkuh dkepykmQ lkbfdy [kjhn yhA
jek dh f'k{kk cl dkepykmQ gh gSA
([k) xqjkZVk µ veu jkr dks lksrs gq, cgqr xqjkZVsa Hkjrk gSA
eq>s jkgqy osQ lkFk jkrHkj uhan ugha vkbZ D;ksafd mldks xqjkZVas
ysus dh vknr gSA
(x) oqQVqac µ laLdkjksa osQ cy ij gh oqQVaqc curk vkSj fc[kjrk gSA
uhrk ,d vPNs oqQVqac dh yM+dh gSA
(?k) llqjky µ ehuk vkt gh llqjky ls vkbZ gSA
fot; us viuh csVh dks llqjky osQ fy, fonk fd;kA
(Ä) vkRekfHkekuµ lHkh dks viuk vkRekfHkeku I;kjk gksrk gSA
esjh ekrk th us vius vkRekfHkeku dks cpkus osQ fy, vusd
d"V mBk,A
gksjkbtu izsl 55 nh{kk&[6-8]
v Hkk"kk&Kku
ikB esa tgk¡ 'kqn~/ fganh osQ (rRle) 'kCn ç;qDr gq, gSa] rks ogha çpfyr
yksdHkk"kk esa rn~Hko 'kCn HkhA rn~Hko 'kCnksa dks muosQ rRle :i ls feykb,µ
rn~Hko o ns'kt rRle
ckoyh Hkz"V
jiV #i,
dkjt VqdM+k
#iYyh cqn~/w ;k ew[kZ
fHkjLV fjiksVZ] lwpuk
iksjh dk;Z
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. ,d gh 'kCn osQ nks ckj ,d lkFk ç;qDr gksus ij mls ^iqu#Dr* dgrs gSa_
tSlsµ/hjs&/hjs] tYnh&tYnhA
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ mfpr 'kCn dks iqu#Dr :i eas fyf[k,µ
(d) gesa rst pyuk pkfg,A gesa rst&rst pyuk pkfg,A
([k) jkosQ'k losjs ?kj vk igq¡pkA jkosQ'k losjs&losjs ?kj vk igq¡pkA
(x) jk/k tksj ls jksus yxhA jk/k tksj&tksj ls jksus yxhA
(?k) f'k'kq osQ fxjus dh vkokt lquh rks ek¡ Hkkxh vkbZA
f'k'kq osQ fxjus dh vkokt lquh] rks ek¡ Hkkxh&Hkkxh vkbZA
2. vkil esa feyrs&tqyrs vFkZ okys 'kCnksa dks ^'kCn&;qXe* dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
i<+uk&fy[kuk] vkuk&tkukA 'kCn&;qXe esa oqQN feyrs&tqyrs 'kCn fujFkZd Hkh
gksrs gSa_ tSlsµpk;&ok;] lCth&oCthA
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa 'kCn&;qXe Nk¡Vdj lkeus fyf[k,µ
(d) esjs ikl rhu&pkj isu gSaA rhu&pkj
([k) og jkr&fnu i<+rk gh jgrk gSA jkr&fnu
(x) gkFk&eq¡g /ksdj pk; ih yhft,A gkFk&eq¡g
(?k) vc jksuk&/ksuk can dhft,A jksuk&/ksuk
3. cksyrs le; lqj&ygj esa tc mrkj&p<+ko gksrk gS] rks mlls vFkZ esa fof'k"Vrk
vk tkrh gS_ tSlsµ (mnkgj.k ikB~; iqLrd es ns[ks)
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
4. lqHkkxh
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) rqylh egrks dh yM+dh dk D;k uke Fkk\
(i) lqgkxh (ii) lqHkkxh 3
([k) D;k lqHkkxh nwljk fookg djus dks rS;kj Fkh\
(i) ugha 3 (ii) gk¡
(x) xk¡o osQ eqf[k;k dkSu Fks\
(i) ltuflag 3 (ii) nqtZu flag
(?k) rqylh egrks dks cq[kkj fdrus fnuksa ls Fkk\
(i) lkr&vkB fnuksa ls 3 (ii) chl fnuksa ls
gksjkbtu izsl 59 nh{kk&[6-8]
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) lqHkkxh dkSu Fkh\ mldk pfj=k&fp=k.k dhft,A
mRrj% lqHkkxh rqylh egrks vkSj y{eh dh csVh FkhA
mlosQ pfj=k dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ Fkhaµ
1- og NksVh mez ls gh ?kj osQ dke esa prqj vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h esa fuiq.k FkhA
2- og cgqr LokfHkekuh FkhA
3- og esgurh vkSj dHkh u ?kcjkus okyh yM+dh FkhA
4- og vius ekrk&firk dh lsok djus okyh yM+dh FkhA
5- og lcdk lEeku djus okyh ,d lq'khy yM+dh FkhA
([k) rqylh egrks us iapk;r D;ksa cqykbZ Fkh\
mRrj% rqylh egrks us iapk;r blfy, cqyk;h Fkh fd vc mudk vkSj muosQ csVs jkew
dk ,d ?kj esa fuokZg ugha gksrkA blfy, mudh bPNk gS fd jkr&fnu dh
cgl dh txg] iap tks oqQN mUgsa nsa] mls ysdj os jkew ls vyx gks tk,¡A
(x) iapk;r esa jkew dks ltuflag us D;k dgk\
mRrj% ltuflag us jkew dks cqykdj dgkµ ^^D;ksa th] rqe vius cki ls vyx jguk
pkgrs gks\ rqEgsa 'keZ ugha vkrh] ek¡&cki dks vyx fd, nsrs gks\ jke! jke!**
(?k) xk¡o okys lqHkkxh dh ç'kalk D;ksa djrs Fks\
mRrj% xk¡o okys lqHkkxh dh ç'kalk blfy, djrs Fks] D;ksafd og vius cw<+s ek¡&cki
dh cgqr lsok djrh vkSj blh osQ lkFk ?kj o [ksrh dk dke Hkh cgqr vPNs ls
djrh FkhA
(Ä) lqHkkxh osQ mQij ltuflag dk fdruk dtkZ Fkk\ lqHkkxh us ;g dtkZ
oSQls mrkjk\
mRrj% lqHkkxh osQ mQij ltuflag dk rhu gtkj #i, dk dtkZ FkkA ftls mrkjus osQ
fy, rhu lky rd lqHkkxh us fnu&jkr yxdj dM+h esgur dhA og iwjs eghus
[ksrh&ckM+h dk dke djrh Fkh vkSj rhlosa fnu rhu lkS #i, ysdj ltuflag
dks nsus tkrh FkhA bl rjg ls mlus FkksM+s&FkksM+s #i, nsdj ltuflag dk ½.k
mrkjkA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) eSa lc oqQN >syus dks rS;kj gw¡A tks dke vki dgks] og flj&vk¡[kksa osQ
cy d:¡xh exj 'kknh djus osQ fy, eq>ls u dfg,A
vk'k;µ bl okD; esa ys[kd osQ dgus dk vk'k; ;g gS fd tc rqylh egrks dh
csVh lqHkkxh NksVh mez esa gh fo/ok gks xbZ] rks lHkh us rqylh egrks dks lqHkkxh
dk nwljk fookg djus dks dgk] exj lqHkkxh us dgk fd og gj dk;Z dks iwjs
gksjkbtu izsl 60 nh{kk&[6-8]
ifjJe ls djus osQ fy, rS;kj gS] exj og nwljh 'kknh osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gSA
([k) iq=k dks jRu le>k Fkk] iq=kh dks iwoZtUe osQ ikiksa dk naMA og jRu
fdruk dBksj fudyk vkSj ;g naM fdruk eaxye;A
vk'k;µ mDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd rqylh egrks ,d jkr ysVs] rks vpkud
iqjkuh ckrsa ;kn vk xbZ fd tc muosQ ;gk¡ jkew gqvk] rks mUgksaus cgqr [kq'kh
eukbZ FkhA dtkZ ysdj tylk fd;k Fkk vkSj tc lqHkkxh gqbZ Fkh] rks ?kj esa
#i, gksrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus ,d dksM+h Hkh [kpZ ugha dhA rc mUgksaus iq=k dks jRu
le>k Fkk vkSj csVh dks naMA tcfd vkt csVh gh mudh lsok dj jgh gS vkSj
iq=k mudh ckr Hkh ugha lqurkA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) foink µ lhek osQ ?kj ij vpkud foink vk iM+hA
O;kikj es gkfu gksus ls jes'k ij cgqr foink iM+hA
([k) vkljk µ gs bZ'oj! vc rks vkidk gh vkljk gSA
fnus'k osQ firk dh e`R;q osQ ckn] ek¡ osQ fy, fnus'k gh vkljk
gSA
(x) balkiQ µ xjhc larq dks balkiQ ek¡xus osQ fy, cgqr esgur djuh iM+hA
balkiQ dh lcls cM+h vnkyr bZeku gSA
(?k) fetkt µ tjk lk /u D;k dek fy;k] jkew dk rks fetkt gh cny x;kA
bZ";kZ gh fetkt [kjkc gksus dh lcls cM+h detksjh gSA
(Ä) oqQyoarh µ lhrk th ,d oqQyoarh ukjh FkhA
esjh ek¡ th ,d n;kyq vkSj oqQyoarh ukjh FkhA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. laf/ dk vFkZ gSµ esy ;k feykiA tc nks 'kCn ;k 'kCnka'k fcyoqQy ikl vkrs
gSa] rks os feydj ,d Lora=k 'kCn cukrs gSa_ tSlsµ fge$vky;] nks
vyx&vyx 'kCn gSa vkSj feydj ,d 'kCn ^fgeky;* cuk jgs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa laf/ foPNsn dhft,µ
(d) tUeksRlo µ tUe$mRlo ([k) nsgkar µ nsg$var
(x) lTtu µ lr~$tu (?k) johaæ µ jfo$baæ
2. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa dky dk Hksn crkb,µ
(d) rqe bl rjg dc rd cSBh jgksxh\ Hkfo";r dky
([k) rqylh egrks viuh yM+dh lqHkkxh ls cgqr I;kj djrs FksA Hkwrdky
(x) esjk eu 'kknh djus dks ugha djrkA orZeku dky
(?k) vxj rqEgkjh ;g ejth+ gS] rks ;gh gksxkA Hkfo";r dky
gksjkbtu izsl 61 nh{kk&[6-8]
(Ä) csVh] ge rsjs Hkys osQ fy, gh dgrs gSaA orZeku dky
3. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh orZuh 'kqn~/ djosQ fyf[k,µ
(d) iwjotUe µ iwoZtUe ([k) tueksRlo µ tUeksRlo
(x) vk'khoknZ µ vk'khokZn (?k) Ñrx µ ÑrK
4. fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk vFkZ fy[kdj vius okD;ksa esa ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) thou igkM+ yxuk µ nq%[kksa ls Hkjk gqvk thou
okD; ç;ksx µ ifr dh e`R;q osQ ckn jtuh dks viuk thou
igkM+ yxus yxkA
([k) vkis ls ckgj gksuk µ cgqr Øksf/r gksuk
okD; ç;ksx µ tc firk us vius csVs dks /edk;k] rks og
vkis&ls ckgj gks x;kA
(x) nk¡rksa rys v¡xqyh nckuk µ pfdr jg tkuk
okD; ç;ksx µ y{ehckbZ dh ohjrk ns[kdj vaxzst lsukifr us
nk¡rksa rys v¡xqyh nck yhA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. okD; Hksn % okD;ksa dks eq[;r% rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSµ
(d) ljy okD;] ([k) la;qDr okD;] (x) feJ okD;
vc fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dh igpku dhft,µ
1- eksgu ?kj tkrk gSA ljy okD;
2- lR; cksyks ijarq dVq lR; ughaA la;qDr okD;
3- eq>s fo'okl gS fd vki vo'; vk,¡xsA la;qDr okD;
4- eSa vkiosQ ikl vk jgk gw¡ rkfd ge [kjhnkjh djus tk losaQA feJ okD;
5- vkidk og isu dgk¡ gS] tks vki dy yk, Fks\ feJ okD;
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
5. phaVh
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) tc phaVh iafDr cukdj pyrh gS rks og fdldh rjg yxrh gS\
(i) /kxs dh rjg 3 (ii) eksVs MaMs dh rjg
gksjkbtu izsl 62 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) phaVh dk nwljk uke D;k gS\
(i) vfojr (ii) fiihfydk 3
(x) phaVh osQ fcy osQ Hkhrj D;k gS\
(i) diM+ksa dk HkaMkj (ii) nqxZ uxj 3
(?k) phaVh oSQlk çk.kh gS\
(i) vlkekftd (ii) lkekftd 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) phaVh ns[kus esa fdlosQ tSlh tku iM+rh gS\
mRrj% phaVh ns[kus esa lh/h] iryh] dkyh js[kk] dkys /kxs dh rjg tku iM+rh gSA
([k) phaVh n~okjk vius ifjokj osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls dk;Z fd, tkrs gSa\
mRrj% phaVh vius ifjokj osQ fy, xk; pjkrh gSa] /wi f[kykrh gS](izk.kh 'kkL=k osQ
fon~okuksa dk dFku gS] fd phafV;ksa esa Hkh xk;as gksrh gaS rFkk phafV;k¡ mudks
pjkus ys tkrh gaSA) Hkkstu bdV~Bk djrh gSaA cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djrh gSaA
jgus osQ fy, fcy cukrh gaS vkSj 'k=kq ls vius ifjokj dh j{kk djrh gSaA
(x) phaVh osQ ?kj osQ fuekZ.k dks ns[kdj dfo D;ksa gSjku gS\
mRrj% phaVh osQ ?kj osQ fuekZ.k dks ns[kdj dfo blfy, gSjku gS] D;ksafd dksbZ
fuekZ.kdrkZ Hkh bruk lqanj ?kj ugha cuk ldrk] ftruk fd phaVh us vius
ifjJe vkSj ckSn~f/d dkS'ky ls bls cuk;k gSA
(?k) phaVh esa vPNk ukxfjd gksus dh D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa\
mRrj% ,d vPNk ukxfjd gksus osQ fy,] tks fo'ks"krk,¡ gksuh pkfg,] os lc phaVh osQ
vanj ekStwn gSaA phaVh ifjJeh gSA viuk ?kj (fcy) cukrh gSA Hkkstu bdV~Bk
djrh gSA vius cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djrh gSA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd phaVh
esa vPNk ukxfjd gksus osQ lHkh xq.k ekStwn gSaA
(Ä) çLrqr dfork osQ jpf;rk dkSu gSa\
mRrj% çLrqr dfork osQ jpf;rk lqfe=kkuanu iar gSaA
4. fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) re osQ /kxs&lh tks fgy&Mqy] pyrh y?kqin] iy&iy fey&tqyA
vk'k;µ izLrqr iafDr esa dfo iwNrk gS fd D;k rqeus phaVh dks ns[kk gS\ os tks vius
NksVs&NksVs iSjksa ls vkil esa fey&tqydj ,d osQ ihNs ,d py jgh gSaA nwj ls
ns[kus ij ;g ,d iryh dkys jax dh js[kk tSlh fn[kkbZ ns jgh gS] tks dkys
/kxs dh rjg fgy jgh gSA
([k) ns[kks og oYehd lq?kj] mlosQ Hkhrj gS nqxZ uxjA
vk'k;µ çLrqr iafDr es dfo phaVh osQ fo"k; esa crkrs gq, dgrk gS fd phaVh us
gksjkbtu izsl 63 nh{kk&[6-8]
vius ?kj dks bruh Hkyh&Hkk¡fr x<+k gqvk gS fd dksbZ fuekZ.kdrkZ Hkh bruk
lqanj ?kj ugha cuk ldrk] phaVh dk fcy ,slk çrhr gksrk gS tSls& dksbZ nqxZ
uxj gksA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) fojy µ eSaus viuh dyk iqLrd esa fojy&lh js[kk [khapdj ,d oxZ
cuk;kA
js'ke osQ dhM+s ,d fojy&lk inkFkZ NksM+rs gSaA
([k) lrr µ ukSdjh osQ fy, jkgqy us lrr ç;kl fd;kA
fo|ky; esa çFke LFkku ikus osQ fy, lrr dfBu ifjJe djsaA
(x) tuiFkµ fnYyh esa tuiFk ij x.kra=k fnol dh ijsM fudyrh gSA
tuiFk ls rkRi;Z turk osQ iFk ;k jkLrs ls gSA
(?k) fuekZ.kµ gekjs xk¡o esa ljiap th us u, fon~;ky; dk fuekZ.k djk;kA
eafnj osQ fuekZ.k dk;ks± esa lHkh xk¡o okyksa us lg;ksx fd;kA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ fyf[k,µ
(d) fiihyhdk µ fiihfydk ([k) vohjr µ vfojr
(x) cwgkjrh µ cqgkjrh (?k) okYehd µ oYehd
(Ä) f'kyih µ f'kYih (p) vkxu µ vk¡xu
v O;kdj.k&Kku
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
6. vkRefuHkZjrk
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) vkRefuHkZjrk oSQlk xq.k gS\
(i) Js"B 3 (ii) vJs"B
([k) fujh fdLer vkSj HkkX; ij oSQls yksx jgrs gSa\
(i) esgurd'k (ii) vkylh 3
gksjkbtu izsl 64 nh{kk&[6-8]
(x) bZ'oj fdldh lgk;rk djrk gS\
(i) iSls okys dh
(ii) tks viuh lgk;rk Lo;a djrk gks 3
(?k) euq"; esa iw.kZrk fdlls gksrh gS\
(i) iSls ls (ii) dke ls 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) ys[kd osQ vuqlkj lcls cM+k cy D;k gS\
mRrj% ys[koQ osQ vuqlkj lcls cM+k cy vkRefuHkZjrk vFkkZr~ vius Hkjksls ij jguk
gSA ftudks vius Hkjksls dk cy gS] os tgk¡ gksaxs] ty esa rw¡ch osQ leku lcls
Åij jgsaxsA
([k) rjDdh dh ewy cqfu;kn D;k gS\ D;k rjDdh dkuwu n~okjk
lekt&lq/kj djus ij çkIr gks ldrh gS\
mRrj% vius vki viuh lgk;rk djus dh Hkkouk lPph rjDdh dh ewy cqfu;kn
gSA rjDdh ljdkjh dkuwuksa n~okjk lekt&lq/kj djus ij ugha gks ldrhA
blosQ fy, lekt ;k tkfr dk ,d&,d vkneh ;fn vyx&vyx vius dks
lq/kjs] rks tkfr&dh&tkfr vkSj lekt&dk&lekt lq/j tk,xkA
(x) xqyke dkSu&lh dkSe gksrh gS\ Lora=krk dh uhao fdl ij j[kh tk
ldrh gS\
mRrj% okLro esa xqyke og dkSe gS] ftlesa ,d&,d O;fDr dk;jrk]
LokFkZ&ijk;.krk vkSj tkrh;rk osQ Hkko ls ;qDr gSA ns'k dh Lora=krk dh xgjh
vkSj etcwr uhao ml ns'k osQ ,d&,d vkneh osQ vkRefuHkZjrk vkfn xq.kksa ij
fLFkr gSA
(?k) ;wjksih; ns'kksa dh mUufr dk D;k jgL; gS\ mu yksxksa us viuh Hkkoh
ihf<+;ksa osQ fy, fojklr esa D;k /jksgj NksM+h gS\
mRrj% ;wjksih; ns'kksa dh mUufr fdlh ,d fnu vFkok ,d O;fDr osQ ç;kl ls ugha
cfYd uhps&ls&uhps njts osQ euq";&fdlku] oqQyh] dkjhxj vkfn vkSj
m¡Qps&ls&m¡Qps njts okys dfo] n'kZfud] jktuhfrK vkfn lHkh osQ ,d lkFk
feydj fd, x, ç;klksa ls gqbZ gS] ;gh mudh mUufr dk jgL; gSA mu yksxksa
us viuh Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa osQ fy, f'kYi&dkS'ky vkSj foKku dh cM+h Hkkjh
cikSrh /jksgj osQ :i esa NksM+h gSA
(Ä) vktknh osQ fy, vfuok;Z 'krZ D;k gS\
mRrj% vktknh osQ fy, vfuok;Z 'krZ ;g gS fd lHkh euq"; vusd rjg dh fiQdj
vkSj fparkvksa ls eqDr gksa vkSj muosQ n~okjk çR;sd dk;Z vkRefuHkZjrk ls fd;k
tk,A
gksjkbtu izsl 65 nh{kk&[6-8]
4.fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) bZ'oj Hkh lkuqowQy vkSj lgk;d mUgha dk gksrk gS] tks viuh lgk;rk
vius vki dj ldrs gSaA
vk'k;µ bl okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd euq"; dks fdlh Hkh dk;Z osQ fy, Lo;a ij
fuHkZj gksuk pkfg,A fdlh nwljs ij fuHkZj ugha jguk pkfg,A vr% bZ'oj Hkh
,sls gh O;fDr dh lgk;rk djrk gS] tks viuh lgk;rk Lo;a djrs gksA
([k) lH;rk vkSj gS D;k\ ;gh fd lH; tkfr osQ ,d&,d euq"; vkcky]
o`n~/] ofurk lHkh esa lH;rk osQ y{k.k ik, tk,¡A
vk'k;µ çLrqr okD; esa ys[kd osQ dgus dk vk'k; ;g gS fd lH;rk ,d gh tkfr
esa ugha oju~ gj ,d tkfr osQ cw<+s] cPps] vkSjr lc esa lH;rk osQ y{k.k gksus
pkfg,A vk/h v/wjh lH;rk gksus ls dksbZ iw.kZr% lH; ugha eku fy;k tkrkA
blfy, lHkh /eks± osQ yksxksa dks iw.kZ lH; cudj gh ns'k dh mUufr osQ fy,
dk;Z djuk gksxkA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) LokfeRo µ jkenhu fd'kksjh dh tehu dk >wBk LokfeRo trkus yxkA
eSa vius çR;sd dk;Z ij viuk iw.kZ LokfeRo j[krk gw¡A
([k) ijgstxkjµ vt; 'kjkc dk ijgstxkj gSA
gesa çR;sd eknd inkFkks± ls ijgstxkj gksuk pkfg,A
(x) rkyhe µ ek¡ us eq>s vPNh rkyhe fnykus dk oknk fd;kA
jktw fons'k ls cgqr vPNh rkyhe ysdj vk;k gSA
(?k) fons'kh µ jes'k nqcbZ tkdj fcyoqQy fons'kh cu x;kA
Hkkjr esa vc fons'kh oLrqvksa dk cksyckyk gSA
(Ä) foKku µ eq>s rks foKku dk fo"k; cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA
foKku vfHk'kki vkSj ojnku nksuksa dyk gSA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
vki tkurs gSa fd oqQN 'kCnka'k 'kCn osQ çkjaHk esa tqM+dj muosQ vFkZ esa
ifjorZu ;k fo'ks"krk mRiUu dj nsrs gSa] mUgsa milxZ dgrs gSaA fuEufyf[kr
milxks± dk ç;ksx djrs gq, rhu&rhu 'kCn fyf[k,µ
lq µ lqxe lqyHk lq;'k
Lo µ Lons'k LoHkko Lora=k
vo µ voxq.k vo/kj.kk vorkj
vuq µ vuqlkj vuqHko vuq:i
vi µ vieku vi;'k vigj.k
gksjkbtu izsl 66 nh{kk&[6-8]
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. o.kks± osQ ikjLifjd esy ls tks ifjorZu ;k fodkj mRiUu gksrk gS] mls laf/
dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
er $ vuqlkj = erkuqlkj
Hkkstu $ vky; = Hkkstuky;
lhek $ var = lhekar
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa laf/ foPNsn dhft,µ
(d) johanz µ jfo $ banz ([k) js[kka'k µ js[kk $ va'k
(x) fgeky; µ fge $ vky; (?k) lkdkj µ l $ vkdkj
(Ä) gjh'k µ gfj $ bZ'k (p) okxh'k µ oko~Q $ bZ'k
2. oqQN 'kCn laLÑr ls foÑr gksdj fganh Hkk"kk esa ç;qDr gksus yxs gSaA ,sls 'kCn
rn~Hko 'kCn dgykrs gSaA ;Fkkµ
rRle rn~Hko
{ks=k [ksr
vkez vke
?k`r ?kh
fuEufyf[kr rRle 'kCnksa osQ rn~Hko crkb,µ
(d) owQi µ oqQvk¡ ([k) nqX/ µ nw/
(x) lIr µ lkr (?k) x`g µ ?kj
(Ä) iwoZ µ igys (p) m"Vª µ mQ¡V
(N) ukfldk µ ukd (t) nf/ µ ngh
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
7. çk;f'pr
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) esokM+ osQ egkjk.kk osQ fdl vax esa nnZ Fkk\
(i) vk¡[k 3 (ii) dku
([k) tyu osQ dkj.k jktk us viuk thou fdlosQ leku gksuk crk;k\
(i) lwjt osQ leku (ii) Tokykeq[kh osQ leku 3
gksjkbtu izsl 67 nh{kk&[6-8]
(x) nok osQ vk¡trs gh vk¡[kksa esa D;k vk xbZ\
(i) BaMd 3 (ii) jks'kuh
(?k) gdhe us fdl i{kh dks ekjdj nok rS;kj dh Fkh\
(i) rksrk (ii) dcwrj 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) us=k ihM+k ls jktk dh D;k n'kk Fkh\ D;k jktk dks 'kh?kzrk ls mldk
liQy mipkj fey x;k\
mRrj% us=k ihM+k ls jktk dh vk¡[ksa iQVh tk jgh FkhaA jktk dh vk¡[kkas esa ,slk nnZ Fkk]
fd tkus dk uke gh ugha ys jgk FkkA nnZ ls iyosaQ Åij ugha mBrh Fkha vkSj
vk¡[kksa ls ikuh cgrk jgrk FkkA fnu&jkr vk¡[kksa esa tyu&pqHku jgrh FkhA
vk¡[ksa yky dusj dh rjg iwQy xbZ FkhaA jktk dks 'kh?kzrk ls dksbZ liQy mipkj
ugha fey ldkA
([k) gdhe us jktk dks D;k vk'oklu fn;k\ mldh vkS"kf/ dk D;k çHkko
gqvk\
mRrj% gdhe us jktk dks vk'oklu nsrs gq, dgkµ egkjkt] eq>s ,d ckj ekSdk rks
nhft,A gks ldrk gS] tgk¡ cM+h&cM+h nokb;k¡ csdkj gks xbZ gkas] ogk¡ jkLrs dh
/wy ls vkidk jksx feV tk,A dHkh&dHkh igkM+ dh vksV esa lwjt fNi tkrk
gSA eq>s yxrk gS] [kqnk vkidk nnZ t:j feVk,xk vkSj esjs gkFkksa dks tl
feyus okyk gksxk] rks t:j feysxkA eq>s iwjk Hkjkslk gS jk.kk thA vki ?kcjkb,
ughaaA gdhe dh vkS"kf/ ls jktk dh vk¡[kas Bhd gks xbZA
(x) gdhe ls vkS"kf/ cukus dh fof/ tkudj jktk ij D;k çHkko iM+k\
mRrj% gdhe ls vkS"kf/ cukus dh fof/ tkudj jktk dks cgqr nq%[k gqvkA mUgksaus
gdhe ls dgk&fd vkidks eq>s igys gh ;g lc crk nsuk pkfg, FkkA Hkksys
dcwrj osQ jDr ls cuh nok vk¡[kksa esa vk¡tus osQ ctk;] eSa lqbaZ ls bUgsa iQksM+
ysuk T;knk ilan djrkA ,slk dgdj egkjk.kk tehu ij eNyh dh rjg
yksVus yxsA
(?k) jktk us tho&gR;k dk D;k çk;f'pr fd;k\ ,slk djus dk fo/ku
mlus fdlls tkuk\
mRrj% ,d fujhg dcwrj dh gR;k osQ izk;f'pr osQ fy, jktk us fi?kyk gqvk lhlk
e¡xok;k vkSj xV&xV ih x,A tyrs gq, lhls us muosQ 'kjhj dks [kkd dj
fn;kA bl izdkj egkjk.kk us fi?kyk gqvk lhlk ihdj nsg R;kx dj
tho&gR;k dk çk;f'pr fd;kA ,slk djus dk fo/ku jktk us iafMrksa ls tkukA
8. U;k;
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ek?k iwf.kZek dk nwljk uke D;k gS\
(i) xaxk&Luku 3 (ii) oaqQHk Luku
([k) egkjkuh dks nq'kkyk vks<+us osQ fy, fdlus dgk\
(i) paik us 3 (ii) csyk us
(x) jkuh dks >ksaiM+s u tykus dh lykg fdlus nh\
(i) csyk us 3 (ii) pkscnkj us
gksjkbtu izsl 70 nh{kk&[6-8]
(?k) D;k >ksaiM+ksa esa vkx yxk nh xbZ\
(i) ugha (ii) gk¡ 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) d#.kk dkSu Fkh vkSj og dgk¡ tkuk pkgrh Fkh\
mRrj% d#.kk dk'kh jkT; dh egkjkuh Fkh vkSj og ek?k iwf.kZek osQ volj ij
xaxk&Luku osQ fy, tkuk pkgrh FkhA
([k) egkjkuh us >ksaiM+s [kkyh djus dk vkns'k D;ksa fn;k Fkk\
mRrj% egkjkuh us >ksaiM+s [kkyh djkus dk vkns'k blfy, fn;k Fkk] D;ksafd og viuh
nkfl;ksa osQ lkFk ?kkV ij xaxk&Luku djuk pkgrh FkhA blhfy, jkuh us vius
lsodksa dks vkns'k fn;k fd tc rd og xaxk&Luku djosQ okfil u vk tk,]
rc rd ?kkV ij dksbZ Hkh vkneh fn[kkbZ u nsA
(x) jkuh us >ksaiM+ksa esa vkx D;ksa yxok nh Fkh\
mRrj% jkuh us >ksaiM+h esa vkx blfy, yxok nh Fkh] D;kasfd mUgsa cgqr BaM yx jgh FkhA
(?k) dk'kh ujs'k ls fdl ckr dk U;k; ek¡xk tk jgk Fkk\
mRrj% jkuh us BaM ls cpus osQ fy, xjhcksa osQ >ksaiM+s tyok fn, Fks] ftlls lHkh xk¡o
okys cs?kj gks x, FksA ,slh ljnh esa os cPpksa dks ysdj dgk¡ tk,\ blh ckr
dks ysdj dk'kh ujs'k ls U;k; ek¡xk tk jgk FkkA
(Ä) dk'kh ujs'k us egkjkuh d#.kk dks D;k naM lquk;k\
mRrj% dk'kh ujs'k us egkjkuh d#.kk dks jktegy NksM+dj lk/kj.k euq";ksa dh Hkk¡fr
fdlh >ksaiM+h esa ,d o"kZ rd ifjJeiwoZd thou&;kiu djus dk naM
lquk;kA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ioZ osQ bl volj ij vkidks Hkh xaxk&Luku dk iq.; ykHk ysuk
pkfg,A
vk'k;µ fn, x, okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd dk'kh jkT; esa xaxk Luku osQ ifo=k ioZ
ij egkjkuh dh nkfl;k¡ mudks xaxk Luku dk egRo crykrs gq, dgrh gS fd
ek?k iwf.kZek dk ioZ cgqr gh ifo=k vkSj egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj egkjkuh dks bl ioZ
ij xaxk Luku djosQ iq.; çkIr djuk pkfg,A
([k) dk'kh dh egkjkuh bruh ozwQj! bruh funZ;h! bruh ân;ghu! ;fn
egkjkuh dh vkKk ls ;g dk;Z fd;k x;k gS] rks mUgsa vo'; mfpr naM
feysxkA
vk'k;µ ys[kd us mDr okD; esa dk'kh ujs'k osQ mfpr U;k; osQ ckjs esa crk;k gSA
gksjkbtu izsl 71 nh{kk&[6-8]
tc xaxk Luku djus osQ ckn] BaM yxus osQ dkj.k egkjkuh us] vius vkidks
BaM ls cpkus osQ fy, xjhcksa dh >ksifM+;k¡ tyok nh] rks egkjktk us vke
turk dh rjg gh jkuh dks naM fn;k vkSj mUgsa jktegy ls fudky fn;kA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) ioZ µ çR;sd ioZ Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh vueksy /jksgj gSA
eSa ek?k iwf.kZek osQ ioZ ij viuh ekrkth osQ lkFk xaxk&Luku osQ
fy, xbZA
([k) Luku µ eSa xaxk Luku osQ fy, gfjn~okj x;kA
çfrfnu Luku djus ls eu çlUufpr jgrk gSA
(x) ,dkar µ eSaus ,dkar esa cSBdj viuh i<+kbZ dhA
lk/q&lar ,adkr esa cSBdj viuh iwtk&ikB djrs gSaA
(?k) ydM+h µ esjs firkth us ydM+h osQ f[kykSus cuk,A
ydM+h dk gekjs thou esa cgqr egRo gSA
(Ä) BaM µ tuojh osQ ekSle esa cgqr BaM gksrh gSA
uSuhrky esa cjiQ fxjus ls BaM vkSj c<+ xbZA
6. fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\
(d) ^^'kk;n dy ek?k iwf.kZek dk ioZ gSA** d#.kk us] paik ls
([k) ^^vkidh vkKk ls lcdks ;gk¡ ls gVk fn;k x;k gSA**
piyk us] egkjkuh th ls
(x) ^^tkvks muosQ çfrfuf/ dks rqjar gekjs ikl Hkst nksA**
dk'kh ujs'k us] n~okjiky ls
(?k) ^^bl ljnh esa vius cky&cPpksa dks ysdj dgk¡ tk,¡\
,d O;fDr us] egkjkt ls
(Ä) ^^;g esjs ç'u dk mRrj ugha gSA** dk'kh ujs'k us] egkjkuh ls
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. dHkh&dHkh fdUgha nks 'kCnksa osQ mPpkj.k o ys[ku esa cgqr ekewyh&lk varj
gksrk gS foaQrq muosQ vFkZ ,dne vyx gksrs gSa_ tSlsµ ty vkSj tkyA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk varj okD; cukdj Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ?kkV µ eNqokjs us ?kkV ij tkdj eNfy;k¡ idM+hA
?kkVk µ jkgqy osQ firk dk dke Bhd u pyus ls O;kikj esa ?kkVk gks
x;kA
([k) vksj µ o"kkZ ½rq esa pkjksa vksj gfj;kyh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
vkSj µ jke vkSj ';ke i<+us osQ fy, LowQy x,A
gksjkbtu izsl 72 nh{kk&[6-8]
2. ukVd esa vk, bu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ fyf[k,µ
(d) f'kdk;r µ pqxyh ([k) xjhc µ fu/Zu
(x) bartke µ O;oLFkk (?k) ltk µ naM
(Ä) tehu µ /jrh (p) utjsa µ n`f"V
3. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa v'kqn~f/;ksa dks Bhd dj iqu% fyf[k,µ
(d) eSa çtk dks ugha ns[kuk gSA eq>s çtk dks ugha ns[kuk gSA
([k) vkvks] Luku dks dj fy;k tk,A vkvks] Luku dj fy;k tk,A
(x) eq>dks rks BaM yxus yxkA eq>s rks BaM yxus yxhA
(?k) egkjkt ls t; gksA egkjkt dh t; gksA
(Ä) rqeus ml dk'kh dks vieku fd;k gSA rqeus ml dk'kh dk vieku fd;k gSA
4. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) lsod µ nkl ([k) xjhc µ fu/Zu
(x) xaxk µ HkkxhjFkh (?k) ioZ µ R;ksgkj
(Ä) ujs'k µ jktk (p) ltk µ naM
v O;kdj.k&Kku
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
10. ,d frudk
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ys[kd fdlls Hkjk gqvk Fkk\
(i) ?keaM ls 3 (ii) Øks/ ls
gksjkbtu izsl 76 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) ys[kd dh vk¡[k esa D;k iM+k\
(i) dhM+k (ii) frudk 3
(x) ys[kd dh vk¡[kksa dk jax oSQlk gks x;k\
(i) ihyk (ii) yky 3
(?k) frudk fdlls fudy x;k\
(i) <c ls 3 (ii) ikuh ls
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) frudk dgk¡ ls mM+rk gqvk vk;k vkSj dgk¡ fxj iM+k\
mRrj% frudk vpkud nwj ls mM+rk gqvk vk;k vkSj eqaMsj ij [kM+s dfo dh vk¡[k esa
fxj x;kA
([k) dfo cspSu&lk gksdj D;ksa f>>d mBk\
mRrj% vk¡[k esa frudk fxj tkus ls dfo cspSu gksdj f>>d mBkA
(x) frudk fxjus ij dfo dh vk¡[k dh D;k n'kk gqbZ\
mRrj% frudk fxjus ij dfo dh vk¡[k yky gksdj nq[kus yxh FkhA
(?k) yksxksa us dfo dh vk¡[k dk D;k mipkj fd;k\
mRrj% yksxksa us dfo dh vk¡[k ij diM+s dks cVksjdj cRrh cukbZ vkSj vk¡[k dh
fldkbZ dhA
(Ä) dfo dks fdlus rkus fn,\
mRrj% dfo dks [kqn mldh le> us rkuk ekjkA
4. fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) vk vpkud nwj&ls mM+rk gqvk]
,d frudk vk¡[k esa esjh iM+kA
vk'k;µ dfo us vagdkj ij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, crk;k gS fd vagdkj es Mwck O;fDr
vius ?kj dh eqaMsj ij [kM+k gqvk FkkA vpkud ,d NksVs fruosQ osQ vk¡[k esa
fxj tkus ek=k ls gh dfo bruk O;koqQy gks mBk fd og vius lkjs vagdkj dks
iy esa gh Hkwy cSBkA blfy, dHkh Hkh fdlh NksVh&lh oLrq dks Hkh rqPN ugha
le>uk pkfg,A
([k) ,saBrk rw fdlfy, bruk jgk]
,d frudk gS cgqr rsjs fy,A
vk'k;µ dfo dgrk gS fd tc frudk O;fDr dh vk¡[k ls fudy x;k] rks rc
mldh lksp us mldks rkuk ekjrs gq, dgk fd rw bruk vagdkj fdl ckr ij
djrk jgk] rsjs vagdkj dks rksM+us osQ fy, ,d frudk gh cgqr gSA
gksjkbtu izsl 77 nh{kk&[6-8]
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; esa ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) ?keaM µ jkew dks viuh vPNh ukSdjh ij cgqr ?keaM gSA
?keaM djus okys O;fDr dks dksbZ ilan ugha djrkA
([k) vpkudµ vpkud rst o"kkZ vk xbZA
esjs ekekth vkt vpkud gh gekjs ?kj vk x,A
(x) vk¡[k µ usgk dh vk¡[ksa cgqr lqanj gSaA
jks&jksdj fu'kk dh vk¡[ksa lwt xbZA
(?k) ik¡o µ pksj ncs ik¡o ?kj esa nkf[ky gq,A
fookg lekjksg ls nsjh ls ykSVus ij] eSa ekrk th osQ Mj ls ncs
ik¡o ?kj esa vk;kA
(Ä) frudk µ fpfM+;k us lw[ks frudksa ls lqanj ?kksalyk cuk;kA
,d frudk esjh vk¡[k esa fxj x;kA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ fyf[k,µ
(d) jes'k vkSj jksgu [ksy jgh gSaA
jes'k vkSj jksgu [ksy jgs gSaA
([k) mlus ikoZQ esa [kwc >wyk >wyhA
mlus ikoZQ esa [kwc >wyk >wykA
(x) mlus eq>ls esjk iqLrd ek¡xk gSA
mlus eq>ls esjh iqLrd ek¡xh gSA
(?k) bu lcksa dks ;gk¡ ls okil Hkst nksA
bu lcdks ;gk¡ ls okil Hkst nksA
(Ä) vkidks eq>ls fdl dke gS\
vkidks eq>ls D;k dke gS\
2. fyax cnfy,µ
(d) lqr µ lqrk ([k) nkl µ nklh
(x) riLoh µ rifLouh (?k) BkoqQj µ BoqQjkbu
(Ä) ikBd µ ikfBdk (p) tkV µ tkVuh
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. Hkkookpd laKk cukb,µ
(d) lR; µ lR;rk ([k) tkx:d µ tkx:drk
(x) okLro µ okLrfodrk (?k) Ñi.k µ Ñi.krk
(Ä) lkSE; µ lkSE;rk (p) ;ksX; µ ;ksX;rk
gksjkbtu izsl 78 nh{kk&[6-8]
,dopu :i fyf[k,µ
2.
(d) yM+fd;k¡µ yM+dh ([k) <ksyosaQ µ <ksyd
(x) c/kb;k¡ µ c/kbZ (?k) lxkb;k¡ µ lxkbZ
(Ä) ek,¡ µ ek¡ (p) ;qofr;k¡ µ ;qorh
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
19. okfjl
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ekLVj th dh ykfB;ksa dh [kV&[kV fdrus cts gksrh FkhA
(i) rhu cts 3 (ii) pkj cts
([k) ekLVj th mRlkg osQ lkFk D;k i<+krs Fks\
(i) O;kdj.k (ii) dfork 3
(x) ekLVj th dks dkSu&lh chekjh gqbZ\
(i) eysfj;k (ii) VkbiQkbM 3
(?k) ekLVj th osQ iQkmaVsu isu dk jax oSQlk Fkk\
(i) yky&lk (ii) Hkwjk&lk 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) ekLVj th dks V~;w'ku i<+kus dks D;ksa j[kk x;k Fkk\
mRrj% ekLVj th us ys[kd osQ firk th dks crk;k fd os ,d Hkh iSlk u gksus osQ
dkj.k cgqr raxh esa gSa] exj os fdlh ls [kSjkr ugha ysuk pkgrs FksA blh dkj.k
ys[kd osQ firkth us ekLVj th dks ys[kd o mldh cgu dks V~;w'ku i<+kus
osQ fy, j[kkA
([k) ekLVj th osQ jgus dk LFkku oSQlk Fkk\
mRrj% ekLVj th ,d xanh lh xyh esa pkj #i, eghus dh ,d dksBjh esa jgrs FksA
(x) ekLVj th osQ chekj iM+us ij mudh ns[kHkky fdlus dh\
mRrj% ekLVj th osQ chekj iM+us ij mudh ns[kHkky ys[kd us dhA
(?k) vkxs i<+kbZ u tkjh j[kus dh ckr dgus esa cPps D;ksa fgpfdpk jgs Fks\
mRrj% ekLVj th ls vkxs i<+kbZ u tkjh j[kus dh ckr dgus esa cPps blfy,
gksjkbtu izsl 101 nh{kk&[6-8]
fgpfdpk jgs Fks] D;ksafd mUgsa yx jgk Fkk fd bl ckr ls ekLVj th dks nq%[k
igq¡psxkA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ekLVj th osQ vkus dk le; ftruk fuf'pr Fkk] tkus dk le; mruk
gh vfuf'pr FkkA
vk'k;µ mijksDr okD; dk vk'k; ;g gS fd ekLVj th vius le; osQ brus ikcan
Fks fd os fcYoqQy vius le; ls vkrs Fks] exj muosQ tkus dk dksbZ le; ugha
FkkA os dHkh Ms<+ ?kaVk vkSj dHkh rks nks ?kaVs rd i<+krs jgrs FksA
([k) mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd ,d Hkh iSlk u gksus ls os cgqr raxh esa gSa exj os
fdlh ls [kSjkr ugha ysuk pkgrs] dke djosQ jksVh [kkuk pkgrs gSaA
vk'k;µ mijksDr okD; esa crk;k x;k gS fd ekLVj th esgur djus okyksa esa ls FksA
muosQ ikl iSlksa dh bruh raxh gksrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus fcuk dksbZ dke fd, iSls
ysus ls euk dj fn;k] D;ksafd os dke djosQ gh jksVh [kkuk pkgrs FksA os fdlh
ls [kSjkr ugha ysuk pkgrs FksA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) f'kdk;r µ eSaus vè;kid ls ';ke dh f'kdk;r dhA
eSaus LokLF; foHkkx dks f'kdk;rh i=k HkstkA
([k) dfork µ jek dks dfork lquus dk 'kkSd gSA
vè;kid th us gesa vkt ubZ dfork lqukbZA
(x) lIrkg µ vuqjkx lIrkg esa ,d ckj fnYyh tkrk gSA
jfookj lIrkg dk igyk fnu gSA
(?k) ijh{kk µ vkt dh ijh{kk LFkfxr gks xbZA
eSaus ijh{kk esa çFke LFkku çkIr fd;kA
(Ä) n`f"V µ jes'k dh nwj dh n`f"V detksj gSA
esjh n`f"V esa çR;sd çk.kh ,d leku gSA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
tks 'kCn fØ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa] os fØ;kfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSa_ tSlsµ
(d) ?kksM+k rst nkSM+kA
([k) ge çfrfnu Luku djrs gSaA
(x) vki ;gk¡ vkb,A
(?k) ekLVj th osQ vkrs gh ge /hjs&/hjs cksyus yxsA
gksjkbtu izsl 102 nh{kk&[6-8]
mi;qZDr okD;ksa dks i<+dj ,sls gh dksbZ ik¡p okD; viuh vH;kl&iqfLrdk esa
fyf[k,A
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
1. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) nqx±/ µ lqxa/ ([k) 'kke µ lqcg
(x) fuf'pr µ vfuf'pr (?k) mRlkg µ fu#Rlkg
2. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) lekIr µ var ([k) 'kke µ lk;a
(x) rhoz µ rst (?k) vanj µ Hkhrj
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. vPNs ukxfjd
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ns'k fdldk gS\
(i) ,d O;fDr dk (ii) lcdk 3
([k) liQyrk u feyus osQ fy, nks"kh dkSu gksrk gS\
(i) ge Lo;a 3 (ii) nwljk O;fDr
(x) dk;ZoqQ'kyrk fdldk Hksn ugha tkurh gS\
(i) cM+s&NksVs dk 3 (ii) dke dk
(?k) dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dk rhljk vax D;k gS\
(i) ifjJe 3 (ii) /u dk mi;ksx
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) dk;ZoqQ'ky O;fDr viuk dk;Z djus esa oSQlk vuqHko djrk gS\
mRrj% dk;ZoqQ'ky O;fDr viuk dk;Z djus esa xoZ dk vuqHko djrk gSA
([k) ns'k oSQls lqn`<+ jg ldrk gS\
mRrj% ns'k rHkh lqn`<+ jg ldrk gS] tc lc yksx viuk&viuk dk;Z leqfpr çdkj
ls djsaA
(x) NksVh&NksVh ckrksa dh mis{kk djus dk D;k ifj.kke gks ldrk gS\
lksnkgj.k le>kb,A
mRrj% NksVh&NksVh ckrsa gh vkxs pydj cM+h gks tkrh gSa] tks O;fDr osQ fy,
d"Vnk;d cu tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, ;fn ,d cM+s tgkt esa ,d
gksjkbtu izsl 109 nh{kk&[6-8]
NksVk&lk Nsn gks tkrk gS] rks og iwjs tgkt dks ikuh esa Mqcks nsrk gSA ;fn 'kjhj
ij NksVh&lh iq¡Qlh fudy vk, rks og cM+s ls cM+s igyoku dks ekj ldrh
gSA blfy, NksVh&NksVh ckrksa dh mis{kk ugha djuh pkfg,A os cM+h&cM+h ckrksa
ls Hkh cM+h gSaA
(?k) nSfud O;ogkj esa gesa fdu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,\
mRrj% nSfud O;ogkj esa ge nwljksa osQ lkFk oSlk gh O;ogkj djsa] tSlk ge mu yksxksa
ls vius çfr pkgrs gSaA ;fn dksbZ gels oLrq ek¡xdj ys tk,] rks ge pkgsaxs
fd og gedks mlh vPNh gkyr esa feys] ftlesa geus mls nh FkhA ;fn dksbZ
gesa opu ns] rks ge ;g pkgsaxs fd og Bhd le; ls iwjk djsA lM+d ij
pyrs le; ge ;g pkgsaxs fd lM+d ij dgha Hkh osQys osQ fNyosQ vkfn u
iM+s gksaA ;fn vpkud osQys osQ fNyosQ osQ dkj.k gekjk iSj fiQly tk,] rks
ge ;g pkgsaxs fd jkg pyrs yksx gekjh lgk;rk djsa u fd migklA ;fn ge
jsy dh f[kM+dh ls fVdV ys jgs gSa] rks ge ;g pkgsaxs fd ihNs osQ yksx /Ddk
u nsa vkSj vkxs c<+us dh dksf'k'k u djsaA
(Ä) dk;ZoqQ'kyrk osQ vko';d vaxksa dh foospuk dhft,A
mRrj% dk;ZoqQ'kyrk osQ fuEufyf[kr egRoiw.kZ vax gSaµ
dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dk igyk vax gS fd ge vius dk;Z dks vPNh rjg tkus rHkh
ml dk;Z esa ge liQyrk çkIr dj ldrs gSaA dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dk nwljk vax gS
fd dHkh&Hkh fdlh dks NksVk ugha le>uk pkfg,A cfYd çR;sd dk;Z dks
djus esa gesa xoZ dk vuqHko djuk pkfg, vkSj dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dk rhljk vax gS]
ifjJe] lrr ifjJe gh gesa vkxs ys tk ldrk gSA lqLrh gesa ihNs /osQyrh
gSA blfy, çR;sd dk;Z dks lPph yxu vkSj ifjJe ls djuk pkfg,A
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ;fn ge yksx vius&vius dke osQ ,d&,d vax dks le>sa vkSj mlesa
çoh.k gksus dk è;ku j[ksa] rks ge viuh vkSj vius dke nksuksa dh
o`n~f/ vkSj mUufr dj ldrs gSaA
vk'k;µ mi;qZDr okD; dk vk'k; gS fd ;fn ge fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djus ls igys
;fn mls vPNh rjg ls le> ysa fd ;g dke oSQls gksxk vkSj fiQj ml dk;Z
dks djsa] rks fuf'pr :i ls gesa vius dk;Z esa liQyrk çkIr gksxh vkSj bl
çdkj ge vius dk;Z ,oa viuh dk;ZoqQ'kyrk nksuksa es gh mUufr çkIr djsaxsA
([k) tks dk;ZoqQ'ky gksxk] og vkjaHk esa fdruk gh NksVk D;ksa u gks] vo';
mUufr djsxk vkSj tks dk;ZoqQ'ky ugha gksxk] og vkjaHk esa pkgs fdruk
gh cM+k D;ksa u gks] vo'; fxjsxkA
gksjkbtu izsl 110 nh{kk&[6-8]
vk'k;µ mi;qZDr okD; dk vk'k; gS fd tks Hkh dk;ZoqQ'ky O;fDr gksxk pkgs og
fdruk gh NksVk vFkkZr~ fuEu Js.kh vFkok xjhc D;ksa u gks] og vius dk;Z eas
liQyrk çkIr dj gh ysxk vkSj tks O;fDr vius dk;Z dks djus esa oqQ'ky ugha
gksrk og fdruk gh cM+k vFkok /uh O;fDr D;ksa u gks og viuh voqQ'kyrk
osQ dkj.k dk;Z ugha dj ik,xkA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) Js.kh µ esjk NksVk HkkbZ viuh d{kk esa çFke Js.kh esa mRrh.kZ gqvkA
eSaus y[kuÅ tkus osQ fy, çFke Js.kh dk jsy dk fVdV cqd
djk;kA
([k) fuiq.krkµ ,dyO; us /uq"k fon~;k esa fuiq.krk çkIr dhA
vko';d ugha fd gj dk;Z esa ge fuiq.krk çkIr djsaA
(x) çoh.k µ esjh ekrk th flykbZ djus esa cgqr çoh.k gSaA
eSa vaxszth cksy ikus esa cgqr çoh.k ugha gw¡A
(?k) vuqHko µ ge vuqHko djosQ gh oqQN lh[krs gSaA
vuqHko ij gh çR;sd O;fDr dh liQyrk fuHkZj djrh gSA
(Ä) migkl µ gesa dHkh fdlh dk migkl ugha mM+kuk pkfg,A
lqjs'k osQ isQy gks tkus ij mlosQ nksLrksa us mldk cgqr migkl
mM+k;kA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. fdlh vU; Hkk"kk dks i<+rs le; mlosQ fganh vuqokn dh izfØ;k gekjs efLr"d esa
pyrh gS] tSlsµ Rohan who is the son of Shailesh, lives in a village. dks tc
ge i<+rs gSa rks gekjk okD; bl rjg curk gS& jksgu tks 'kSys'k dk iq=k gS] xk¡o esa
jgrk gS] foaQrq okD; jpuk dh n`f"V ls gesa bl rjg le>uk pkfg,µ 'kSys'k dk iq=k
jksgu xk¡o esa jgrk gSA bl rjg dh xyfr;k¡ vuqokn djrs le; cgq/k gksrh gSaA
bldk dkj.k gS] okD; osQ inksa dk Øekuqlkj u gksukA
vc fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa inØe dh ,slh gh v'kqn~f/;ksa dks igpkfu, vkSj
mUgsa 'kqn~/ djosQ fyf[k,µ
(d) xk; dks dkVdj ?kkl f[kykvksA
xk; dks ?kkl dkVdj f[kykvksA
([k) egkRek xk¡/h dk ns'k lnk vkHkkjh jgsxkA
ns'k egkRek xk¡/h dk lnk vkHkkjh jgsxkA
(x) ,d iwQyksa dh ekyk ys vkb,A
iwQyksa dh ,d ekyk ys vkb,A
gksjkbtu izsl 111 nh{kk&[6-8]
(?k) gekjh xk; jkeflag osQ [ksr esa b/j&m/j HkVdrs gq, tk igq¡phA
gekjh xk; b/j&m/j HkVdrs gq, jkeflag osQ [ksr esa tk igq¡phA
2. mnkgj.k ns[kdj okD; cukb,µ
(d) jkg pyrs yksx gekjh lgk;rk djsa] u fd migklA
jkg pyrs yksxksa dks gekjh lgk;rk djuh pkfg,] migkl ughaA
([k) ijh{kk osQ le; gesa i<+kbZ djuh gS] u fd [ksyowQnA
ijh{kk osQ le; gesa i<+kbZ djuh pkfg,] [ksyowQn ughaA
(x) deh lkeus crkb,] u fd ihB ihNsA
deh dks lkeus crkuk pkfg,] ihB ihNs ughaA
(?k) vius vkl&ikl LoPNrk jf[k,] u fd xanxhA
vius vkl&ikl LoPNrk j[kuh pkfg,] xanxh ughaA
v O;kdj.k&Kku
1. ikB esa ^ns'koklh* 'kCn vk;k gS] ftldk vFkZ gS& ^ns'k osQ oklh* blesa ^osQ* gVk
fn;k x;k gSA nks ;k nks ls vf/d 'kCnksa osQ laf{kIr :i dks ^lekl* dgrs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr lkekfld 'kCnksa esa ftl 'kCn dks gVk fn;k x;k gS] lkeus
fyf[k,µ
(d) dk;ZoqQ'ky µ dk;Z esa oqQ'ky
([k) fu;e&ikyu µ fu;e dk ikyu
(x) le;kuqlkj µ yqIr 'kCn le; osQ vuqlkj
(?k) opu&ikyu µ opu dk ikyu
(Ä) x`g&izos'k µ x`g esa ços'k
(p) uhfr&fuiq.k µ uhfr esa fuiq.k
2. fdlh Hkh 'kCn dk myVk vFkZ nsus okyk 'kCn mldk ^foykse* dgykrk gSA foykse
fy[krs le; ;g è;ku nsuk vko';d gS fd rRle 'kCnksa osQ foykse rRle vkSj
rn~Hko 'kCnksa osQ foykse rn~Hko gh gksus pkfg,_ tSlsµ ^thou* dk foykse ^e`R;q*
fy[kk tkuk pkfg,] ^ekSr* fy[kuk xyr gSA
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) cM+k µ NksVk ([k) vknj µ vuknj
(x) liQyrk µ vliQyrk (?k) ljy µ dfBu
(Ä) [kjkc µ Bhd (p) vkjaHk µ var
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
4. jkeyhyk
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) ys[kd jkeyhyk ns[kus dc ls ugha x;k\
(i) nks fnuksa ls (ii) ,d eqn~nr ls 3
([k) ik=kksa dh ltkoV fdrus cts ls gksus yxrh Fkh\
(i) ik¡p cts ls (ii) nks cts ls 3
(x) ys[kd osQ firk th D;k Fks\
(i) iqfyl osQ vkneh 3 (ii) f'k{kd
(?k) vkjrh osQ le; ys[kd osQ ikl fdrus iSls Fks\
(i) ik¡p #i, (ii) ,d #i;k 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) ckY;dky esa ys[kd dks lcls vf/d vkuan dk vuqHko dc gksrk
Fkk\
mRrj% ckY;dky esa ys[kd dks jkeyhyk esa cgqr vkuan vkrk FkkA fnu esa gh ik=kksa
dks ltk;k tkrk FkkA rc ys[kd Hkh ogk¡ tkdj cSBrs vkSj mRlkg ls
NksVs&eksVs dke djrs FksA ckjh&ckjh ls rhuksa ik=kksa dk aÜk`xkj gksrk FkkA jax dh
I;kfy;ksa esa ikuh ykuk] jkejt ihluk] ia[kk >yuk vkfn dk;Z ys[kd dks
vPNs yxrs FksA tc dykdkj rS;kj gksdj foeku ij cSBrs] rks jkepanzth osQ
ihNs cSBdj ys[kd dks cgqr mYykl vkSj vkuan feyrk FkkA
([k) ^cky LoHkko iy esa :Bus vkSj iy esa eku tkus dk gksrk gS* çLrqr
ikB esa vk, fdlh Hkh çlax n~okjk fln~/ dhft,A
mRrj% jkepanzth ij ys[kd dh cgqr Jn~/k Fkh vkSj og viuh i<+kbZ dh fpark fd,
fcuk jkepanzth dks i<+k fn;k djrs Fks] ftlls os isQy u gks tk,¡A ysfdu ogh
gksjkbtu izsl 116 nh{kk&[6-8]
jkepanzth ukSdk ij cSBs bl rjg eq¡g isQjdj pys tkrs Fks] tSls mudh ys[kd
ls dksbZ tku&igpku gh ughaA rc ys[kd us fu'p; fd;k Fkk fd vc jkepanz
ls dHkh ugha cksyw¡xk] u dHkh [kkus dh dksbZ pht gh nw¡xkA ysfdu T;ksa gh ukys
dks ikj djosQ os iqy dh vksj ls ykSVs] ys[kd nkSM+dj foeku ij p<+ x, vkSj
,sls [kq'k gq, ekuks dksbZ ckr gh u gqbZ FkhA bl çlax ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ^cky
LoHkko iy esa :Bus vkSj iy esa eku tkus okyk gksrk gSA*
(x) ys[kd n~okjk jkepaæ dh vkjrh dh Fkkyh esa ,d #i;k Mkys tkus ij]
mlosQ firk dh D;k çfrfØ;k gqbZ\
mRrj% ys[kd n~okjk jkepanz dh vkjrh dh Fkkyh esa ,d #i;k Mkys tkus ij muosQ
firk Øksf/r gks x, vkSj mUgksaus dgk rks oqQN ugha ysfdu eq¡g ,sls cuk fy;k]
ftlls fn[kkbZ nsrk Fkk fd ys[kd dh /`"Vrk ls muosQ firk osQ jkSc esa cV~Vk
yx x;k gksA
(?k) jkeyhyk osQ vk;kstd fu"Bqj vkSj LokFkhZ Fks] fln~/ dhft,A
mRrj% tc jkepanzth fonk gks jgs Fks] rks jkeyhyk osQ vk;kstdksa us mUgsa #i, ugha
fn, vkSj ;g dgk fd cpr esa #i, ugha gSa] fiQj vkdj ys tkukA mUgksaus jkLrs
osQ [kpZ osQ fy, Hkh oqQN ugha fn;k vkSj dgk fd iSny pys tkvks! muosQ
ikl urZfd;ksa dks nsus osQ fy, rks #i,] lokfj;k¡] lc oqQN Fkk ijarq jkepanz
vkSj muosQ lkfFk;ksa osQ fy, oqQN Hkh ugha FkkA blls ;g fln~/ gksrk gS fd
jkeyhyk osQ vk;kstd fu"Bqj vkSj LokFkhZ FksA
(Ä) ys[kd osQ eu esa vius firk osQ çfr Jn~/k&Hkko D;ksa ugha jgk\
mRrj% jkepanz osQ fonk gksus ij pkS/jh lkgc us oqQN ugha fn;k FkkA rc ys[kd us
vius firk ls dgk mudks nsus osQ fy, eq>s nks #i;s ns nks] ftlls og ?kj
igq¡p tk,¡A ysfdu firkth us ;g dgk fd esjs ikl #i, ugha gSa vkSj ?kksMs+ ij
cSBdj pys x,A rHkh ls ys[kd osQ eu esa vius firk osQ çfr Jn~/k dk Hkko
[kRe gks x;kA
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) jk{klksa vkSj canjksa osQ psgjs ihry osQ] xnk,¡ Hkh ihry dh] dnkfpr
cuoklh Hkzkrkvksa osQ eqoqQV lPps dke osQ gksa] ysfdu lkt&lkeku osQ
flok ogk¡ Hkh ogh gw&gw osQ flok vkSj oqQN ughaA
vk'k;µ bl okD; esa eqa'kh çsepan th osQ dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vktdy gksus
okyh jkeyhyk esa Hkys gh jk{klksa vkSj canjksa osQ psgjs vkSj xnk,¡ ihry osQ gksa]
exj fiQj Hkh ogk¡ fliZQ lkt&lTtk osQ flok oqQN ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA Hkys
gh cuoklh dk cuk;k x;k eqoqQV lPps dke osQ gksa] exj ogk¡ 'kksj&'kjkcs osQ
flok oqQN u gksus ij Hkh yksxksa dh HkhM+ jkeyhyk ns[kus osQ fy, tkrh gSA
gksjkbtu izsl 117 nh{kk&[6-8]
([k) ?kj ij eq>s [kkus dh tks pht feyrh] og ysdj jkepaæ dks ns vkrkA
mUgsa f[kykus esa eq>s ftruk vkuan feyrk Fkk] mruk [kkus esa dHkh u
feyrk FkkA
vk'k;µ bl okD;ksa esa eqa'kh çsepan th osQ dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ys[kd dks
vius ?kj ls tks Hkh [kkus dh pht feyrh] og pht os Lo;a u [kkdj
jkepaæth dks f[kykus osQ fy, ys tkrs vkSj vius n~okjk nh xbZ pht dks
jkepaæth dks [kkrs ns[kdj mUgsa bruk vkuan vkrk] ftruk vkuan mUgsa Lo;a
[kkdj dHkh ugha vk;kA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) mUekn µ esys esa tkus dh ckr lqudj esjs eu esa mUekn mRiUu gks x;kA
nhokyh dk R;kSgkj vkrs gh eu mUekn ls Hkj tkrk gSA
([k) jksekap µ nknh ek¡ dh dgkfu;k¡ lqudj eu jksekap ls Hkj tkrk gSA
fpfM+;k?kj esa 'ksj dks ns[kdj cgqr jksekap mRiUu gqvkA
(x) fody µ jktw dh nknh osQ vLoLFk gksus dh [kcj lqudj eSa fody gks
x;kA
Hkh"k.k xjeh gksus ls lHkh euq"; vkSj i'kq&i{kh fody gks mBsA
(?k) csrgk'kkµ 'ksj csrgk'kk xhnM+ dh rjiQ nkSM+kA
eSa lk¡i dks ns[kdj csrgk'kk ?kj dh vksj HkkxkA
(Ä) ,rckj µ gesa bruh tYnh fdlh ij ,rckj ugha djuk pkfg,A
lqjs'k jkew ij cgqr ,rckj djrk gSA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dks vius okD;ksa esa ç;qDr dhft,µ
(d) iQkM+ [kkuk µ ukjkt gksuk
okD; iz;ksxµ tSls gh ukSdjkuh ls iwQynku fxjk] ekyfdu mls iQkM+ [kkus dks nkSM+hA
([k) 'keZ ls xM+uk µ yfTtr gksuk
okD; iz;ksxµ iq=k dks Hkh[k ek¡xrs ns[kdj] mlosQ firk 'keZ ls xM+ x,A
(x) nky u xyuk µ dke u cuuk
okD; iz;ksxµ eksgu vius fe=k jkosQ'k ls ,d cM+h jde gM+iuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu
mldh nky ugha xyhA
(?k) jkSc esa cV~Vk yxukµ oQyad yxuk
okD; iz;ksxµ rqEgsa ,slk dksbZ dke ugha djuk pkfg,] ftlls rqEgkjs ekrk&firk osQ
jkSc esa cV~Vk yxsA
gksjkbtu izsl 118 nh{kk&[6-8]
2.dgkuh esa ç;qDr mnwZ osQ fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks muosQ fganh i;kZ;ksa ls
feykb,µ
mnwZ 'kCn fganh i;kZ;
jkSc vk'p;Ztud
xtc ekxZ
xjt iqLrd
jkg ;qfDr
fdrkc LokFkZ
rjdhc çHkko
3. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ
(d) vkuan µ çlUurk ([k) Hkzkrk µ ca/q
(x) vkÑfr µ cukoV (?k) vk'p;Z µ vpaHkk
(Ä) vuFkZ µ vfu"V (p) iqyfdr µ vkuafnr
v O;kdj.k&Kku
iqu#Dr 'kCnµ tc okD; esa ,d gh 'kCn nks ckj vkrk gS] rks mls iqu#Dr 'kCn
dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ ?kj&?kj] /hjs&/hjs] tYnh&tYnhA iqu#Dr 'kCnksa ls fHkUu&fHkUu vFkZ
fudyrs gSa_ tSlsµ
1- og ?kj&?kj tkdj tux.kuk dj jgk gSA (;gk¡ ?kj&?kj dk vFkZ gS] çR;sd ?kj)
2- 'kgj esa mQ¡ps&m¡Qps edku gksrs gSaA(;gk¡ mQ¡ps&mQ¡ps dk vFkZ gS] cgqr vf/d mQ¡ps)
'kCn&;qXeµ 'kCn&;qXe esa nks 'kCn ,d lkFk vkrs gSa fdarq os vyx&vyx gksrs gSa_
tSlsµ dke&dkt] cM+s&cw<+s] lh/k&lknk vkfnA 'kCn&;qXe esa nksuksa 'kCn dk ,d&lk
vFkZ Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj ,d&nwljs ls foijhr Hkh_ tSlsµ lq[k&nq%[k] iki&iq.;]
fnu&jkrA dbZ ckj ,d 'kCn osQ lkFk nwljk 'kCn fujFkZd gksrk gS_ tSlsµ pk;&ok;]
feBkbZ&foBkbZ] dkxt&okxtA
iqu#Dr vkSj 'kCn&;qXeksa dk ç;ksx Hkk"kk esa çokg mRiUu djrk gS vkSj mls jkspd o
ljy cukrk gSA
bl ikB esa vk, gq, oqQN iqu#Dr o 'kCn&;qXe Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ
gw&gw nwj&nwj nkSM+&nkSM+ ckjh&ckjh cM+h&cM+h
lkt&lkeku :i&jax nks&pkj gko&Hkko vkuk&tkuk
v jpukRed dk;Z
fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
8. ued dk nkjksxk
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) nkjksxk osQ in osQ fy, fdldk th Hkh yypkrk Fkk\
(i) odhyksa dk 3 (ii) MkWDVjksa dk
([k) oa'kh/j dks fdl foHkkx esa ukSdjh feyh\
(i) fpfdRlk foHkkx esa (ii) ued foHkkx esa 3
(x) iaú vyksihnhu dgk¡ osQ jgus okys Fks\
(i) nkrkxat osQ 3 (ii) jkuhxat osQ
(?k) vyksihnhu us oa'kh/j dks fdrus #i, rd nsus dh is'kd'k dh\
(i) ik¡p gtkj (ii) pkyhl gtkj 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) oa'kh/j dks firk us D;k le>k;k\
mRrj% eaq'kh oa'kh/j dks firk us le>krs gq, dgk] ^^vc rqEgha ?kj osQ ekfyd gks
ukSdjh esa vksgns dh vksj è;ku er nsukA bl fo"k; esa foosd dh cM+h
vko';drk gSA ,slk dke <w¡<+uk] tgk¡ oqQN mQijh vk; gksA**
13. iapoVh
ladyukRed dk;Z
fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks if<+,µ
1.
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
gksjkbtu izsl 147 nh{kk&[6-8]
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) foink,¡ D;k gSa\
(i) naM (ii) çkÑfrd ijh{kk,¡ 3
([k) gesa lq[k esa D;k ugha gksuk pkfg,\
(i) xfoZr 3 (ii) nhu
(x) ys[kd fduls [ksyus dh bPNk j[krk gS\
(i) /uq"k&ck.k ls (ii) ladVksa ls 3
(?k) lhrk D;k u lgus dh bPNk djus dks dg jgh gS\
(i) vkink?kkr 3 (ii) ljnh
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) y{e.k us foinkvksa dks D;k miek nh gS\ muosQ vuqlkj foinkvksa ls
dkSu Mjrs gSa\
mRrj% y{e.k us foinkvksa dks izko`Qfrd ijh{kkvksa dh miek nh gSA muosQ vuqlkj
foinkvksa ls os Mjrs gaS] ftudh f'k{kk&nh{kk dPph gS vFkkZr~ ftUgsa iw.kZ Kku
ugha gSA
([k) jke us lq[k&nq%[k dks fdl çdkj lgu djus dh çsj.kk nh\
mRrj% Jhjke osQ vuqlkj lq[k&nq%[k nksuksa le; osQ o'k esa gSaA blfy, euq"; dks
lq[k esa vfHkeku ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj nq%[k esa ykpkjh dk vuqHko ugha
djuk pkfg,A
(x) y{e.k] jke ij vk, ladV dks Lo;a D;ksa >syus dks mRlqd gSa\
mRrj% y{e.k viuh lgu'kfDr dh ijh{kk ysuk pkgrs gSaA blfy, os Jhjke ij vk,
ladV dks Lo;a >syus dks mRlqd gSaA
(?k) jke us D;k dgdj y{e.k osQ ri&R;kx dh ç'kalk dh\
mRrj% Jhjke us y{e.k dh lgu'khyrk dh iz'kalk djrs gq, dgk fd ftruk rqeus
esjs fy, lgk gS] bruk dksbZ ugha lg losQxkA ;g dgdj Jhjke us y{ke.k osQ
ri&R;kx dh iz'kalk dhA
(Ä) jke vkSj y{e.k th dh okrkZyki lqudj lhrk th dh D;k çfrfØ;k
Fkh\
mRrj% lhrk th us jke vkSj y{e.k dk okrkZyki lqudj viuh izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs
gq, dgk fd gesa ;g ,s'o;Z vkSj 'kfDr ugha pkfg,A blfy, rqe bu lc ckrksa
dks jgus nks vkSj eqlhcrksa dk izgkj lgus dh dksf'k'k u djksA
gksjkbtu izsl 148 nh{kk&[6-8]
4.fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) esjs er esa rks foink,¡
gSa çkÑfrd ijh{kk,¡]
muls ogh Mjsa dPph gksa
ftudh f'k{kk&nh{kk,¡A
vk'k;µ bu iafDr;ksa dk vk'k; ;g gS fd Jhjke dks pkSng o"kZ osQ ouokl osQ le;]
lhrk th vkSj y{e.k th osQ lkFk cgqr d"V mBkus iM+sA y{e.k th bu d"Vksa
osQ ckjs esa dg jgs gSa fd foifRr;k¡ rks çkÑfrd :i ls vkus okyh ijh{kkvksa osQ
leku gSa] ftuls gesa MVdj eqdkcyk djuk pkfg,A ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls os
yksx gh ?kcjkrs gSa] ftudh f'k{kk v/wjh vkSj detksj gksA
([k) lhrk dgus yxh fd] Bgjks
jgus nks bu ckrksa dks]
bPNk rqe u djks lgus dh
vki vkink?kkrksa dksA
vk'k;µ bu iafDr;ksa es lhrk th dgrh gS fd rqe lHkh ckrksa dks NksM+ nksA gs y{e.k
rqe Lo;a gh bu eqlhcrksa dks lgus dh bPNk er j[kksA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) fo?u µ esjs çR;sd dk;Z es fo?u iM+ gh tkrk gSA
gs bZ'oj! gekjs lkjs fo?u gj yksA
([k) xfoZr µ rqEgs Hkh vius Hkkjrh; gksus ij xfoZr gksuk pkfg,A
jkew osQ ikl vpkud /u vk tkus ls] og [kqn dks cgqr xfoZr
eglwl djrk gSA
(x) lej µ dkSjo&ikaMoksa osQ lej esa ikaMoksa dh thr gqbZA
lej fdlh Hkh leL;k dk lek/ku ugha gksrkA
(?k) 'kfDr µ ukjh 'kfDr esa cgqr rkdr gksrh gSA
bZ'oj lHkh euq";ksa dks lq[kksa osQ lkFk&lkFk nq%[k lgus dh 'kfDr
Hkh nsrs gSaA
(Ä) Mkg µ ges dHkh fdlh ls Mkg ugha djuh pkfg,A
xhrk esjk iqjLdkj ns[kdj Mkg xbZA
v Hkk"kk&Kku
1. çLrqr dfork osQ vk/kj ij rhuksa ik=kksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ Nk¡Vdj muosQ ukeksa osQ
17. 'kkafr
ladyukRed dk;Z
1. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks if<+,µ
mRrj%fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaA
2. lgh fodYi ij (3) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ
(d) dkys cknyksa ls /hjs&/hjs dkSu fudyus yxk Fkk\
(i) lwjt 3 (ii) pank
([k) ikB esa çdk'keku fdls dgk x;k gS\
(i) bZ'oj dks 3 (ii) lwjt dks
(x) phy us l¡iksys osQ xks'r dk oSQlk Lokn crk;k\
(i) [kV~Vk (ii) ehBk 3
(?k) Hkhy us cPps ls D;k ykus dk oknk fd;k\
(i) lk¡i (ii) poqQyk 3
(Ä) laU;klh osQ gkFk ls D;k NwV x;k\
(i) NM+h (ii) deaMy 3
3. fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
(d) v?;Z nsrs gq, laU;klh D;k çkFkZuk dj jgk Fkk\
mRrj% v?;Z nsrs gq, laU;klh bZ'oj ls ;g çkFkZuk dj jgk Fkk] ^gs bZ'oj! rqe
çdk'keku gks! rqe gh /jrh ij gksus okys va/dkj osQ lagkjd gks! /jrh dk
v¡/sjk] rks rqe u"V djrs gks ijarq bl /jrh ij gksus okys yksxksa osQ eu osQ
gksjkbtu izsl 160 nh{kk&[6-8]
v¡/sjs dks rqe dc nwj djksxs\ mls ?kV&?kV esa jes jke osQ n'kZu dc gksaxs\ gs
n;kfu/ku! eq>s fo'okl gS fd nqfu;k dks ?ksjs v'kkafr osQ nkokuy dks fliZQ
rqEgha 'kkar dj ikvksxsA 'kkafr osQ fo/ku osQ fy, eSa viuk ri] lq[k] LoxZ lc
U;ksNkoj djus osQ fy, rS;kj gw¡A oqQN Hkh djks] ij bl nqfu;k esa veu] 'kkafr
dk lkezkT; iSQyk nksA eSa ,slh lqanj nqfu;k ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡] tgk¡ flag dh ihB
ij [kjxks'k [ksyrk gks] mdkc dh xksn esa lk¡i lks;k gks vkSj lHkh tu ,d gksaA
([k) laU;klh viuk lc oqQN vkSj fdl ij U;ksNkoj djus dks rS;kj gS\
mRrj% laU;klh viuk lc oqQN nqfu;k ij U;ksNkoj djus osQ fy, rS;kj gS]
D;ksafd og nqfu;k esa veu] 'kkafr dk lkezkT; pkgrk Fkk vkSj og ,slh lqanj
nqfu;k ns[kuk pkgrk Fkk] tgk¡ flag dh ihB ij [kjxks'k [ksyrk gks] mdkc dh
xksn esa lk¡i lks;k gks vkSj lHkh tu ,d gksaA
(x) phy vkSj Hkhy us ?kj ls ckgj tkrs gq, viuh&viuh larkuksa dks
D;k&D;k fgnk;rsa nh\
mRrj% phy us vius poqQys dks fgnk;rsa nh fd] ^^vk[ksV dk le; gksus osQ dkj.k eSa
ckgj tk jgh gw¡A eSa FkksM+s le; esa gh vk tkm¡QxhA rqEgkjs ia[k detksj gSa] dy
dh rjg vius ?kksalys ls ckgj er fudyukA phy us vius poqQys dks
le>krs gq, ;g Hkh dgk fd ?kksalys ls ckgj ,d Mk;u poqQyksa dks Bxdj
cgdkus osQ fy, nk¡o yxkdj cSBh jgrh gSA vr% mldh ckrksa esa er vkukA eSa
rqEgkjs fy, ,d lqanj l¡iksyk ykm¡QxhA blfy, vius ?kksalys ls ckgj er
fudyukA Hkhy us vius bdykSrs csVs dks le>krs gq, dgk fd] ^^dy rqe
vius ?kj ls fudydj taxy esa jax&fcjaxs iwQyksa dks cVksjrs nwj rd HkVd jgs
Fks u\ vkt oSlh gjdr er djukA taxy osQ bu >kM+&>a[kkM+ksa esa tgjhys
lk¡i gksrs gSaA muosQ dkVus dk Mj ges'kk cuk gksrk gSA viuk [;ky j[kukA**
(?k) viuh dkSu&lh ek¡x iwjh gksus dk Hkze laU;klh dks gksrk gS\ ;g Hkze
oSQls VwVrk gS\
mRrj% i.kZoqQVh dh vksj ykSV jgs laU;klh us tc nwj ls ;g ns[kk fd ,d euq";] ,d
phy dk poqQyk vkSj ,d lk¡i dk cPpk ,d&nwljs dh cxy esa lks, gSa] rks
mls lthoksa esa ca/qrk fuekZ.k djus dh viuh ek¡x iwjh gksus dk Hkze gqvkA
ysfdu tc og muosQ ikl igq¡pdj mu lHkh osQ 'koksa dks ns[krk gS] rks mldk
Hkze VwV tkrk gSA
(Ä) çLrqr dgkuh ls vkidks D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
mRrj% çLrqr dgkuh ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd gesa dHkh&Hkh fdlh osQ çfr cSj
gksjkbtu izsl 161 nh{kk&[6-8]
dh Hkkouk ugha j[kuh pkfg, cfYd euq"; dks çR;sd çk.kh] i{kh vkSj
tkuojksa osQ çfr çse dh Hkkouk j[kuh pkfg,A
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ^^rqe lkeus okyk og tks uhyk vkdk'k ns[krs gks u] ogk¡ ,d Mk;u
ges'kk nk¡o yxkdj cSBh jgrh gSA**
vk'k;µ ys[kd osQ dgus dk vk'k; ;g gS fd tc phy vius vk[ksV osQ fy,
tkrh gS] rks mldk poqQyk ?kksalys ls fudyus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS] rc phy
vius poqQys dks I;kj ls Mjkdj le>k jgh gS fd uhys vkdk'k esa ,d Mk;u
gS] tks poqQys tSls NksVs cPps dks ns[krs gh b'kkjk djosQ cqyk ysrh gS vkSj mUgsa
idM+ ysrh gSA
([k) I;kj ls FkiFkikdj Hkhy us mls le>k;k] ^^rqEgsa taxy osQ ml laU;klh
dh larku gksuk pkfg, FkkA**
vk'k;µ ys[kd osQ dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd tc Hkhy us vius csVs ls poqQyk
ykus dks oknk fd;k] rks Hkhy osQ csVs us mldks euk dj fn;kA Hkhy osQ csVs us
dgk fd tSls dy og jkLrk Hkwy x;k Fkk] rks mldh ek¡ dk jks&jksdj cqjk
gky gks x;k FkkA blh çdkj poqQys dh ek¡ Hkh poqQys dks u ikdj nq%[kh
gksxh] rks Hkhy us vius csVs dh ckr lqudj mlus dgk fd rqEgsa rks fdlh
laU;klh dh larku gksuk pkfg, FkkA rqeus xyrh ls Hkhy tkfr esa tUe D;ksa ys
fy;kA
5. fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks okD; ç;ksx dhft,µ
(d) /jrh µ lwjt osQ fNius ij /jrh ij va/dkj Nk tkrk gSA
/jrh gekjh ek¡ osQ leku gSA
([k) LoxZ µ jktk baæ dk vklu LoxZ esa gSA
esjh nknh eq>s jkst LoxZyksd dh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrh gSaA
(x) lwjt µ lwjt dh rst fdj.kksa ls cgqr vf/d xjeh gks xbZA
lwjt if'pe fn'kk esa fNirk gSA
(?k) phy µ phy ihiy osQ isM+ ij cSB xbZA
phy cgqr Å¡pkbZ rd mM+ ldrh gSA
(Ä) I;kj µ gesa i'kq&if{k;ksa ls I;kj djuk pkfg,A
ek¡ dk I;kj lcls I;kjk gksrk gSA