Parivesh 8 AK
Parivesh 8 AK
Parivesh 8 AK
Revised and
Updated
8
mRrj oqaQth
vH;kl
dfork&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) dfo vius ns'k Hkkjr dk ;'kxku dj jgk gSA
([k) Hkkjr esa ukjn osQ e/qe; xku xw¡ts FksA
(x) xaxk unh dk ty ifo=k ekuk tkrk gSA bldk ty viuh 'kqn~èkrk vkSj ifo=krk dks
yacs le; rd cuk, j[krk gSA ^dy&dy /kjk* ls vfHkizk; gS fd xaxk unh dh èkkjk
fujarj dy&dy dk Loj djrs gq, cgrh jgrh gSA
(?k) ¶ge leFkZ gSa] vkRefo'okl ls Hkjs gSa¸µ ;g Hkko bu iafDr;ksa esa vk;k gSµ ¶fo?uksa
dk ny p<+ vk, rks] mUgsa ns[k Hk;Hkhr u gksaxsA vc u jgsaxs nfyr nhu ge] dgha
fdlh ls ghu u gkasxsA -------- tx dh ge rks Hkh[k u ysaxsA¸
(Ä) dfork esa Hkkjr dh izkÑfrd] lkaLÑfrd] HkkSxksfyd rFkk lkfgfR;d fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ
xbZ gSaA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) dfo Hkkjr dk ;'k blfy, xkuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd og Hkkjroklh gS vkSj vius ns'k
osQ xkSjo dks iwjs fo'o dks lqukuk pkgrk gSA
([k) Hkkjroklh fo?u vkus ij Mjsaxs ugha cfYd fuMjrk osQ lkFk mldk lkeuk djsaxsA
(x) {kqnz LokFkZ esa Mwcdj ekuo fuafnr dk;Z djrk gSA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) dfo us Hkkjr dh /jrh dks fgeky; tSls ioZr] mifu"knksa] Íf"k;ksa] egku ohjksa] xaxk
unh] mitkÅ Hkwfe] Kku osQ vuqie lzksr osQ dkj.k egku crk;k gSA
([k) Hkkjr dks /jrh dk Lof.kZe ns'k blfy, dgk x;k gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ mifu"kn~ vkSj osn
tSls vej xzaFk gSa ftudk xq.kxku iwjs fo'o esa gksrk gSA bu vej xzaFkksa osQ dkj.k Hkkjr
dks lEeku izkIr gqvk gSA
(x) fgeky; dks fo'o esa cstksM+ blfy, crk;k x;k gS D;ksafd bl tSlk Å¡pk dksbZ ioZr
ugha gSA
(?k) (i) tx dh ge rks Hkh[k u ysaxsA
dfo dgrk gS fd Hkkjr dh ;g Hkwfe iq.;Hkwfe gSA ,slh iq.;Hkwfe ij tUe ysdj
ge lalkj ls Hkh[k ugha ysaxsA
1
(ii) dkSu djsxk lerk bldhA
;g Hkkjr ns'k gekjk efgek ls ;qDr gSA blosQ leku fo'o esa dksbZ nwljk ns'k
ugha gSA dksbZ Hkh ns'k bldh cjkcjh ugha dj ldrkA
2- ifBr in~;ka'kµ
ped jgk ----------- dy&dy èkkjk\
(d) Hkkjr dk Å¡pk fo'kky ioZr fgeky; gS tks ioZrksa dk jktk gSA blosQ leku /jrh ij
dksbZ vU; ioZr ugha gSA xaxk dh ikou ty èkkjk gekjh Hkkjr dh /jrh dks ve`re;h
cukrh gSA
([k) dfo us fgeky; dks ^uxjkt* dgk gSA
(x) bruh ifo=k unh xaxk tSlh dgha vkSj ugha cgrhA
(?k) ^Hkkjr Hkwfe* (blosQ vfrfjDr cPps dksbZ vU; 'kh"kZd crk,¡ tks mfpr gks] mls Lohdkj
djsaA)
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- O;fDrokpd laKk µ xaxk] Hkkjr] fgeky;] ukjn] mifu"kn
tkfrokpd laKk µ xazFk] egkjFkh] ns'k] Íf"k] iQy
2- /jrh µ Hkwfe] i`Foh] Hkw
xaxk µ lqjlfjrk] HkkxhjFkh] nsounh
Hkkjr µ fganqLrku] bafM;k] vk;ZHkwfe
fo'o µ tx] txr] lalkj
fgeky; µ uxjkt] fgefxfj] fgeknzh
3- ;'k µ vi;'k ns'k µ fons'k
lqèkk µ xjy iq.; µ iki
/jrh µ vkdk'k Kku µ vKku
lEekfur µ viekfur ikou µ vikou
4- (d) deZ µ dke gesa HkkX; ls vf/d deZ ij fo'okl djuk pkfg,A
Øe µ ,d iafDr esa lHkh cPps Øe ls uhps mrjsaxsA
([k) nhu µ nfjnz fHk{kqd dh nhu n'kk ns[kdj L=kh us mls Hkkstu djk;kA
fnu µ fnol lwjt osQ <yrs gh fnu dk mtkyk pyk x;k FkkA
(x) lkeku µ oLrq e”knwj us nqdku ls lkeku mBkdj Bsys ij j[kkA
leku µ cjkcj ekrk&firk osQ fy, lHkh cPps ,d leku gksrs gSaA
5- tksM+ µ ;ksx] esy
• vfer us ?kj osQ [kpZ dk fglkc tksM+ fy;k FkkA
• lqjs'k vkSj eqosQ'k nksuksa HkkbZ ”k:j gSa ijarq nksuksa esa dksbZ esy ugha gSA
2
iQy µ ifj.kke] o`{k dk iQy
• lky Hkj esgur djosQ Hkh mls ijh{kk dk mRre iQy izkIr ugha gqvkA
• vke osQ isM+ us vHkh iQy nsuk 'kq: ugha fd;k gSA
dy µ vkus okyk dy@chrk gqvk dy] e'khu osQ iqtsZ
• egs'k dy 'kke dks ?kj ls fudysxkA
• e'khu osQ dy iqtsZ [kjkc gks x, FksA
tx µ ikuh dk cjru] txr
• lqjs'k ,d tx esa ikuh Hkjdj yk;kA
• tx esa lcdks fey&tqydj jguk pkfg,A
6- Hk;Hkhr µ Hk; ls Hkhr loksZRre µ loZ esa mRre
egkjFkh µ egku gS tks jFkh e/qe; µ e/q ls ;qDr
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- dfork esa Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd] lkaLÑfrd] lkfgfR;d rFkk izkÑfrd fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaA
bl ij cPpkas ls ckrphr djus osQ fy, dgsaA
2- ;qok ih<+h vk/qfud f'k{kk xzg.k djus osQ dkj.k vf/d fopkj;qDr ih<+h gksxh tks Hkkjr dks
Å¡pkb;ksa ij ys tkus osQ fy, l{ke gksxhA
ikB ls vkxs
1- gekjs ns'k Hkkjr esa peM+s osQ lkeku] diM+k] elkys] cjru] lhesaV vkfn vusd ph”ksa cukbZ
tkrh gSa tks loksZRre ekuh tkrh gSaA
2- Hkkjr dks Lof.kZe ns'k blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd gekjs ns'k esa osn] mifu"kn tSls egku xzaFkksa dh
jpuk gqbZ gS ftudks iwjs fo'o esa lEekfur :i ls ns[kk tkrk gSA blfy, gekjs ns'k dks dfo
lksus osQ leku pednkj dgrk gSA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- ge vius vkl&ikl ?kVus okyh ,slh ph”kksa dks tks lafnX/ gksa ml ij ?kj osQ cM+ksa dk
è;ku fnyk ldrs gSa ftlls os le; jgrs iqfyl dks bldh lwpuk ns losaQA blosQ vfrfjDr
ge ,u-lh-lh-] ,u-,l-,l- tSlh laLFkkvksa ls tqM+dj ns'kokfl;ksa osQ fgr esa dk;Z djuk lh[k
ldrs gSaA
2- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3
2- /wi vkSj Nk;k
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) /wi dks viuh [kwclwjrh vkSj f[kyf[kykrs :i dk ?keaM FkkA
([k) /wi dh f[kyf[kykgV ns[kdj Nk;k dks Hkh"k.k xjeh vkSj ml ij ls ckfj'k u gksus ls
lw[kk iM+ tkus dk [krjk lkspdj ?kcjkgV gks jgh FkhA
(x) izkphu dky esa yksx Nk;k ;k ijNkb± osQ vuqiz;ksx ls /wi&?kfM+;k¡ cukdj le; ns[krs
FksA
(?k) /wi&?kM+h Nk;k osQ vuqiz;ksx ls cukbZ tkrh FkhaA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) isM+&ikS/s viuk Hkkstu /wi dh lgk;rk ls cukrs gSaA isM+ dh ifRr;k¡ /wi dh enn
ysdj isM+ dh tM+] ruk] 'kk[kk] iwQy] iQy vkSj vius fy, [kkuk idkrh gSaA
([k) /wi vius dks pedhyh] pVdhyh vkSj NSy Nchyh&le>us osQ dkj.k [kqf'k;ksa dk
[k”kkuk fc[ksjus okyh dgrh gSA
(x) isM+ Nk;k dks mnkj blfy, dgrk gS D;ksafd og ifFkdksa] jkgxhjksa] tho&tarqvksa]
dhV&iraxksa ,oa i'kq&if{k;ksa dks /wi dh rh{.krk ls jkgr nsrh gSA
(?k) isM+ lw;Z xzg.k n~okjk crkuk pkgrk gS fd tc panzek dh Nk;k lw;Z dks <d ysrh gS
rc èkwi dk vfLrRo ugha jgrkA blls og le>kuk pkgrk gS fd dHkh fdlh osQ egRo
dks de ugha le>uk pkfg,A
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) /wi vkSj Nk;k ,d gh flDosQ osQ igyw gSaA vFkkZr~ nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ fcuk egRoghu
gSaA nksuksa dk vfLrRo lw;Z ls tqM+k gSA ,d rh{.krk nsrk gS rks nwljk 'khryrkA nksuksa dk
viuk egRo gSA viuh mi;ksfxrk gSA dksbZ fdlh ls de ;k ”;knk ugha gSA
([k) bl ikB ls f'k{kk feyrh gS fd dHkh fdlh dks de ugha le>uk pkfg,A lnSo
ldkjkRed lksp j[krs gq, nwljs osQ egRo dks Hkh le>uk pkfg,A
(x) /wi us Nk;k osQ mnkl] cq>s] ';key :i dks ns[kdj vHkkxh dgk gS fd og vius
vanj brus v¡/sjksa dks lesVs gq, gSA
(?k) (i) ifRr;ksa dk DyksjksfiQy osQoy izdk'k dh mifLFkfr esa Hkkstu rS;kj dj ikrk gSA
isM+ksa dh ifRr;k¡ lwjt dh /wi dh enn ls isM+ osQ vU; Hkkxksa tSls tM+] 'kk[kk]
iwQy vkfn osQ fy, Hkkstu dk fuekZ.k djrh gSaA
4
(ii) /wi vkSj Nk;k -------- gSaA
/wi vkSj Nk;k ,d&nwljs osQ lkFkh gSaA os ,d lkFk vk¡[k&fepkSyh djrs gq, gh
vPNh yxrh gSaA /wi dh rfi'k feyus ij tho&tarq Nk;k esa vkdj 'khryrk
dk vuqHko djrs gSaA
2- (d) Nk;k oSQls curh gS\
([k) viuh ijNkb± ns[kdj taxy osQ tkuojksa us D;k le>k\
(x) DyksjksfiQy fdldh mifLFkfr esa Hkkstu rS;kj dj ikrk gS\
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) lc (ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k) ([k) ik¡p ehVj (la[;kokpd)
(x) cgqr (ifjek.kokpd) (?k) nl fdyks (la[;kokpd)
(Ä) cgqr (ifjek.kokpd) (p) de (ifjek.kokpd)
2- lw;Z µ pedhyk] Lof.kZe Nk;k µ 'khry] BaMh
panzek µ 'khry] xksy isM+ µ gjk&Hkjk] ?kuk
/wi µ rfi'k] pednkj [kjxks'k µ prqj] cqn~f/eku
3- [ksy µ ØhM+k] rek'kk ?keaMh µ vgadkjh] vdMw+
ckfj'k µ cjlkr] o"kkZ jkgr µ vkjke] pSu
xk;c µ yqIr] vn`'; fofp=k µ vthc] vuks[kk
4- (d) va/dkj ([k) cnlwjr (x) vuqifLFkr
(?k) la{ksi (Ä) nq[kkar (p) vfHk'kki
5- (d) /wi vkSj Nk;k] vk¡[k&fepkSyh [ksyrs gq, gh vPNh yxrh gSaA
([k) eghus osQ vkjaHk esa feyus okys osru ls lcdh rch;r gjh gks tkrh gSA
(x) vuq us nknh osQ lkeus tc viuh ckr j[kh rc lHkh mls dgus yxs fd og NksVk eq¡g
cM+h ckr djrh gSA
(?k) jfo gj le; viuh rkjhIk+ Q djrk gS vkSj vius eqg¡ fe;k¡ feV~Bw cudj Lo;a i¡Ql tkrk gSA
6- cs µ cs”kcku] csdkj] cstqcku] csfglkc
yk µ ykijokg] yktokc] ykpkj] ykirk
cn µ cnfe”kkt] cnfdLer] cnbar”kke] cngkyh
ck µ ckbT”kr] ckbalkiQ] ckeqjkn] ckdk;nk
vu µ vugksuh] vutku] vueksy] vupkgk
7- tho µ thok.kq] thok'e] thoV
iQy µ iQyd] iQynk;d] iQygkjh
fnu µ nSfud] fnukad] fnuksafnu
5
xfr µ xfreku] xfre;] xfr'kkyh
:i µ :id] :ioku] :iorh
vkb, ckrphr djsa
• cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- /wi ftl izdkj rfi'k nsrh gS] mlh rjg thou esa vk, nq[k /wi dh Hkk¡fr gesa >qylkrs gSaA
tc nq[k osQ ckn lq[k feyrk gS rc og Nk;k dh Hkk¡fr 'khryrk iznku djrk gSA
2- yksx viuh iz'kalk osQ n~okjk viuh vgfe;r dks lcosQ lkeus fn[kkrs gSaA mUgsa yxrk gS fd
bl rjg ge vius cqjs :i dks fNikdj yksxksa dks viuh vPNkb;k¡ crk,¡xs rks yksx mu ij
vfèkd fo'okl dj losQaxsA ugha] gekjs fopkj ls ge tSls gSa gesa mlh :i esa gh nwljs osQ
le{k izLrqr djuk pkfg,A
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
• cPps Lo;a crk,¡xsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- jsyxkM+h µ eSa rks brus lkjs ;kf=k;ksa dk cks> mBkdj pyrh gwA¡ esjs tSlk 'kfDr'kkyh dksbZ ugha gSA
ok;qeku µ vjs! vjs! jsyxkM+h rqe rks viuh cM+kbZ djh tk jgh gksA ns[kks] eSa rks vkleku esa
;kf=k;ksa dks ys tkrk gw¡A
jsyxkM+h µ gk¡] rks eSa Hkh rks ys tkrh gw¡A
ok;qeku µ ysfdu rqe /jrh dk lgkjk ysdj nkSMr+ h gks tcfd eSa gok esa mM+rk gwA¡ ge nksuksa gh
euq"; n~okjk fufeZr gSa vkSj ;kf=k;ksa dks ys tkrs gSAa blfy, geesa ls dksbZ u cM+k gS u
NksVk gSA
(gok vkSj ikuh osQ laokn dks cPps blh izdkj viuh dYiuk ls fy[ksxa As )
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- vkf[kjh iRrk
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) lw vkSj tkulh iDdh lgsfy;k¡ FkhaA
([k) tkulh dk liuk Fkk gS fd og ,d fnu usiYl dh [kkM+h dh isafVax cuk,xhA
6
(x) rhu fnu igys csy ij oqQN iRrs FksA
(?k) tkulh dks oge gks x;k Fkk fd tc bl csy dk vkf[kjh iRrk Hkh fxj tk,xk] rks
og ej tk,xhA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) tkulh vkSj lw dk LVwfM;ks xzhufop cLrh dh rhu eaf”kyk bekjr dh cjlkrh ij FkkA
([k) MkWDVj us lw dks crk;k fd tkulh Bhd gh ugha gksuk pkgrh gSA mlosQ eu esa ;g
ckr cSB xbZ gS fd og dHkh Bhd ugha gks ik,xhA
(x) tkulh csy dh ifRr;k¡ fxu jgh Fkha tks ir>M+ esa lnZ gokvksa ls fxjrh tk jgha FkhaA
(?k) cgjeu ,d fp=kdkj Fkk tks tkulh vkSj lw osQ edku osQ fupys fgLls esa jgrk FkkA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) uoacj osQ eghus esa Hk;kud BaM iM+hA isQiQM+ksa esa cyxe te tkus osQ dkj.k tkulh
cgqr de”kksj gks xbZ vkSj fueksfu;k dk f'kdkj gks xbZA
([k) tkulh dks yx jgk Fkk fd csy dk vkf[kjh iRrk fxjsxk rks og ej tk,xhA ;g mldh
udkjkRed lksp dk gh ifj.kke FkkA
(x) lw us tc ijnk gVk;k rks og ;g ns[kdj vk'p;Zpfdr jg xbZ fd jkr dks vk,
cI+kQhZys rwI+kQku esa Hkh og vkf[kjh iRrk ugha fxjk FkkA
(?k) tkulh dks ;g vglkl gks jgk Fkk fd csy dk vkf[kjh iRrk fxjus ij og Hkh ej
tk,xh ysfdu tc cI+kQhZys rwiQku esa vkf[kjh iRrk ugha fxjk rc mls viuh xyrh dk
,glkl gqvkA
(Ä) cgjeu dh e`R;q rc gqbZ tc mUgksaus tkulh dh udkjkRed lksp dks cnyus osQ fy,
cI+kQhZys rwI+kQku esa csy ij iRrs dh dykÑfr cukbZA fueksfu;k gks tkus osQ dkj.k og
Lo;a chekj gks x;k vkSj bl dkj.k mldh e`R;q gks xbZA
2- (d) [kwc jksbZ
([k) f[kM+dh osQ ckgj ns[k jgh Fkh
3- (d) MkWDVj us lw ls dgk
([k) tkulh us lw ls dgk
(x) cgjeu us lw ls dgk
(?k) lw us MkWDVj ls dgk
(Ä) tkulh us lw ls dgk
7
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- rRle rn~Hko ns'kt fons'kt ladj
vJq vk¡lw twrk LVwfM;ks Nk;knkj
{k.k iy f[kM+dh isafVax jsyxkM+h
eq[k eq¡g isV rwI+kQku o"kZxk¡B
2- (d) fd ([k) dh@dh (x) fd
(?k) dh (Ä) dh@dh
3- rwI+kQku cI+kQhZyk de”kksj u”kj MkWDVj ekWMy
4- (d) LoLFk µ vLoLFk
([k) iDdh µ dPph
(x) ldkjkRed µ udkjkRed
(?k) BaMk µ xje
(Ä) lqcg µ 'kke
(p) Bhd µ xyr
(N) vkt µ dy
5- (d) dejs dh f[kM+fd;k¡ can dj nksA
([k) csy ij iRrs yxs FksA
(x) og udkjkRed fopkjksa ls f?kjh FkhA
(?k) os diM+s xhys FksA
(Ä) twrs m/j mrkjksA
6- (d) vkns'k µ vkKk] funsZ'k] gqDe
([k) ?kj µ x`g] vky;] fuosQr
(x) jkr µ jkf=k] fu'kk] jtuh
(?k) iRrk µ i.kZ] i=k] ikr
(Ä) izse µ I;kj] Lusg] vuqjkx
(p) e`R;q µ ekSr] fu/u nsgkar
6- (d) dykdkj ([k) freaf”kyk (x) fp=kdkj
(?k) ftKklq (Ä) vLirky
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- lqjfHk µ gk¡ fn[kk;k FkkA eq>s nokbZ nh gSA
lksukyh µ Bhd gS] nokbZ le; ij [kkukA
8
lqjfHk µ gk¡] rqe d{kk esa vè;kfidk dks crk nsukA
lksukyh µ fcYoqQy crk nw¡xhA rqe vkjke djksA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- ldkjkRed lksp dk ifj.kke gksrk gS fd os vius vklikl osQ okrkoj.k dks Hkh ldkjkRed
cuk nsrs gSaA os [kqn Hkh [kq'k jgrs gSa vkSj vklikl osQ yksxksa esa [kqf'k;k¡ ck¡Vrs gSaA
2- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
,sls yksx tks lnSo udkjkRed lksp ls f?kjs jgrs gSa os vk'kkoknh ugha jgrsA mudk LokLF; Hkh lkFk
NksM+ tkrk gSA 'kjhj fucZy gks tkrk gSA os ges'kk fpM+fpM+s jgrs gSaA muesa Øks/ Hkjk jgrk gSA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- tc ge eu ls nq[kh gksrs gSa rc gekjs pkjksa rjI+kQ Hkh oSlk gh okrkoj.k cu tkrk gSA O;fDr
dks lnSo [kq'k jguk pkfg,A O;fDr dks vk'kk dk nkeu dHkh ugha NksM+uk pkfg,A vfèkd
ls vfèkd yksxksa osQ chp Hkh vius dks tks vosQyk le>rk gS mls udkjkRedrk ?ksj ysrh gSA
,sls esa gesa iz;kl djuk pkfg, fd ,sls O;fDr dks mldh lksp ls fudkysaA tc gekjk eu
fdlh dk;Z esa ugha yxrk rc rd og dk;Z vPNh izdkj laiUu ugha gks ikrkA gesa dk;Z dh]
liQyrk osQ fy, n`<+ fu"Bk dh] dk;Z osQ izfr lPph yxu dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj ;g
rHkh laHko gksxk tc ge eu ls [kq'k gksdj dk;Z dks iwjk djsaxsA
ifj;kstuk dk;Z
• cPps Lo;a djsaA
4- Lusg&'kiFk
vH;kl
dfork&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) tks Lusgiw.kZ O;ogkj djrs gSa os gh lcosQ fe=k vkSj ifjfpr cu tkrs gSaA
([k) dfo ftg~ok dks l[r ckr dgus dh Hkwy djus ls jksd jgk gSA
(x) dfo I;kj ls dke ysus dh ckr dgrk gSA
9
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) varj dk usg nsus ls ;g ykHk gksrk gS fd HkVosQ gq, dks fiQj ls jkg ij yk;k tk
ldrk gSA mls l[r ckr dgdj ugha cfYd I;kj ls viuk cukdj ckr le>kbZ tk
ldrh gSA
([k) fxjs gq, dks tks mBkrk gS mlosQ tru dks dfo I;kjk dg jgk gSA
(x) dfo us O;fDr dk iru rc ekuk gS tc og I;kj ls le>kus ij Hkh u le>sA
(?k) nqLlkgl rc gkj eku ysrk gS tc dksbZ mls I;kj Hkjh vk¡[kksa ls ns[k ysrk gSA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) dfo I;kj ikus osQ fy, cspSu gks mBrk gSA dfo dh cspSuh gS fd fxjs gq, O;fDr ij
g¡luk ;k I+kQfCr;k¡ dluk mls vkSj O;fFkr dj ldrk gSA mls I;kj osQ n~okjk thou
dh jkg ij ykus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A
([k) dfork esa dfo us vf/d ”kksj I;kj yqVkus ij fn;k gSA dfo dk ekuuk gS fd izse Hkjh
ok.kh nqLlkglh O;fDr dks Hkh >qdk ldrh gSA tcfd dBksj opu O;fDr dks grk'k
vkSj fujk'k dj ldrs gSaA O;fDr dks lnSo izse ;qDr ok.kh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,
rkfd cspSu vkSj ifrr yksxksa dks fujk'kk osQ v¡/sjs ls fudkyk tk losQA
(x) dfo us d#.kkdj vkSj fHk[keaxksa dh 'kiFk ysus osQ fy, blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd
d#.kkdjµHkxoku gSa tks lHkh dks ,d leku I;kj nsrs gSa vkSj fHk[keaxs os lHkh gSa tks
I;kj dh Hkh[k ek¡x jgs gSaA budh 'kiFk ysdj dfo I;kj yqVkus dh ckr dgrk gSA
(?k) (i) fdrus Hkh -------- ldrk gSA
dfo dk vk'k; gS fd ân; dh xgjkbZ pkgs fdruh Hkh xgjh D;ksa u gks] mls
I;kj ls Hkjk tk ldrk gSA I;kj ân; dh vry xgjkb;ksa rd tk ldrk gSA
(ii) gj ,d -------- gksrs gSaA
dfo dk vk'k; gS fd /`"Vrk djus okyksa dks ;fn I;kj ls le>k;k tk, rks
mudh vk¡[kksa ls fudyus okys vk¡lw mudh /`"Vrk dks /ks nsrs gSaA
(Ä) bl dfork esa dfo Lusg vkSj 'kfDr dh ckr le>krs gq, dgrk gS fd gesa fdlh ls
Hkwy gks tkus ij mlls dBksj opu ugha dgus pkfg,] cfYd e`nq opuksa ls mls le>kuk
pkfg,A D;ksafd FkksM+k&lk Lusg nsus ek=k ls gh pkjksa vksj dk okrkoj.k e/qj gks tkrk
gS vkSj lHkh leL;k,¡ nwj gks tkrh gSaA dfo dk dguk gS fd gesa vius ân; esa fNis
izse dks igpkuuk pkfg, vkSj mlosQ n~okjk Hkz"V ekuo lekt dk lq/kj djuk pkfg,A
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) dM+oh ckr ([k) I;kj ls le>kdj (x) fxjs gq, dks mBkuk
10
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) {k µ {ks=kiQy i{k d{kk v{kj
=k µ f=kdky f=knso f=kHkaxh f=k'kwy
([k) "V µ u"V Hkz"V X; µ HkkX; vkjksX;
Yy µ fpYykuk gYyk jl µ jLlh yLlh
Ee µ fgEer lEefr Rr µ XkRrk lRrk
2- (d) vacj µ vacj esa vusd rkjs gSaA
fo".kq ihys vacj igus gSaA
([k) varj µ esjs varj esa Tokyk meM+ jgh gSA
mldh nksuksa cguksa esa cM+k varj FkkA
(x) fe=k µ Ñ".k osQ fe=k lqnkek FksA
uHk esa fe=k dk vkxeu gqvkA
(?k) ek¡x µ deZpkfj;ksa dh ek¡x dks Bqdjk fn;k x;kA
usgk us ek¡x fudkydj pksVh cukbZA
3- (d) iz'uokpd loZuke ([k) iq#"kokpd loZUkke
(x) futokpd loZUkke (?k) vfu'p;okpd loZuke
(Ä) laca/okpd loZuke
4- fe=k × 'k=kq l[r × dBksj
;'k × vi;'k xgjk × mFkyk
ifjfpr × vifjfpr iru × mRFkku
5- (d) lekjksg esa dbZ ukf;dk,¡ mifLFkr FkhaA
([k) gkL; dfo lEesyu esa vusd dof;f=k;k¡ vkb±A
(x) ysf[kdk us lqanj dgkuh fy[khA
(?k) vè;kfidk d{kk esa vk xb±A
(Ä) Nk=kkvksa us e/qj xhr xk;kA
6- fe=k µ nksLr] l[kk] laxh
nhu µ xjhc] fu/Zu] nfjnz
'k=kq µ nq'eu] oSjh] vfj
;'k µ izfr"Bk] izfln~f/] [;kfr
Lusg µ izse] I;kj] izhfr
7- (d) dj ([k) nql~ (x) ;Ru
(?k) vifjfpr (Ä) ghu
11
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps vius fopkj bl ij j[k ldrs gSaA rFkkfi ge izse vkSj vfgalk dk lgkjk ysdj cgqr
lkjs ladVksa dk lkeuk dj ldrs gSaA
2- ge mls I;kj ls lqy>kuk ilan djsaxsA vkilh >xM+ksa ls laca/ksa esa vDlj [kVkl vk tkrh gSA
bldk è;ku j[krs gq, fe=k dks I;kj ls le>kuk csgrj jgrk gSA
ikB ls vkxs
1- fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djus ij xyfr;k¡ jg tkus ij mls e”kkd dk ik=k u cukdj I;kj vkSj
/S;Z] ls mldk lek/ku <w¡<+uk pkfg,A (cPps blh izdkj vius fopkj O;Dr djsaA)
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
2- mUgsa ,slh laLFkkvksa osQ ckjs esa crkdj tgk¡ mudh ijofj'k vPNh izdkj ls gks] mudh lgk;rk
dj ldrs gSaA
3- dfo bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls ;g lans'k nsuk pkgrk gS fd gesa ,d&nwljs osQ izfr izse Hkko
j[kuk pkfg,A I;kj ls gh ckr djuh pkfg,A dM+os opu ugha cksyus pkfg,A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
5- fe=krk
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) laxfr dk xqIr izHkko gekjs vkpj.k ij cgqr iM+rk gS D;ksafd cqjh laxfr ls gekjs vanj
Hkh mlosQ nqxqZ.k vk tkrs gSa tcfd vPNh laxfr ls ge viuh cqjkb;ksa dks Hkh lqèkkjus
dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA
([k) gesa vius fe=kksa ls ;g vk'kk j[kuh pkfg, fd os mRre ladYiksa ls gesa n`<+ djsaxs] nks"kksa
vkSj =kqfV;ksa ls geas cpk,¡xsA gekjs lR;] ifo=krk vkSj e;kZnk osQ izse dks iq"V djsaxsA
tc ge oqQekxZ ij iSj j[ksaxs] rc os gesa lpsr djsaxsA
(x) baXySaM dk fon~oku vius HkkX; dks blfy, ljkgus yxk D;ksafd og ,sls yksxksa dh
laxfr ls cp x;k tks mldh vkè;kfRed mUufr esa ck/d curs gSaA
12
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) fo'oklik=k fe=k feyus ij le>uk pkfg, fd [k”kkuk fey x;kA
([k) g¡leq[k psgjk] ckrphr dk <ax] FkksM+h prqjkbZ ;k lkgl ;s gh nks&pkj ckr fdlh esa
ns[kdj yksx pViV mls viuk fe=k cuk ysrs gSaA
(x) oqQlax uhfr] ln~o`fRr vkSj cqn~f/ dk uk'k djrk gSA
(?k) tc euq"; ,d ckj viuk iSj dhpM+ esa Mky nsrk gSA rc fiQj ;g ugha ns[krk fd
og dgk¡ vkSj oSQlh txg iSj j[krk gSA /hjs&/hjs cqjh ckrksa esa mldh ?k`.kk de gksrh
tkrh gS] muls fp<+ ugha gksxhA mls Hkys&cqjs dh igpku u jgsxh vkSj var esa og cqjkbZ
osQ HkDr cu tkrs gSaA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) vius ls de vkSj vf/d n`<+&ladYih osQ lkFk fe=krk djus ls ;g gkfu gksrh gS fd
gesa mudh gj ckr fcuk fojks/ osQ ekuuh iM+rh gSA
([k) ckY;koLFkk esa ge fdlh dk g¡leq[k psgjk] ckrphr dk <ax] lkgl ns[kdj mls viuk
fe=k cuk ysrs gSaA ge vDlj mls viuk fe=k eku ysrs gSa tks gekjs ckyeu dks vkuan
nsrk gSA tcfd ;qokoLFkk esa ge FkksM+k ifjiDo gks tkrs gSaA eu Hkh 'kkar o xaHkhj gks
tkrk gSA ge vPNs o cqjs dk varj Hkh le>us yxrs gSaA ckY;koLFkk esa tks vPNk yxrk
gS ogh fe=k cu tkrk gSA tcfd ;qokoLFkk esa fe=k dk p;u lksp&le>dj djrs gSaA
(x) lqxzho us jke dks viuk fe=k cukus osQ fy, muesaµ izfr"Bk] 'kqn~/ ân;] e`nqy]
iq#"kkFkhZ] f'k"V vkSj lR;fu"B gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk Hkjkslsean LoHkko dks ns[kk FkkA
(?k) fe=k dk pquko djrs le; gesa dbZ ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A tSlsµfe=k dk
vkpj.k] O;ogkj rFkk LoHkko vPNk gks] tks gekjk ekxZn'kZu djs] izksRlkfgr djs] gekjs
nks"kksa dks nwj djus esa lgk;d cus] foosd'khy rFkk fo'oklik=k gks] lR;fu"B o n`<+
ladYi okyk gks] fouez gks vkfnA
(p) (i) ftl izdkj ,d vPNk oSn~; jksxh dh uC”k ns[kdj jksx dks tku tkrk gS vkSj
mldk funku djrk gS] mlh izdkj lPph fe=krk esa Hkh ,d oqQ'ky oSn~; tSlh
n`f"V gksrh gSA ,d ek¡ Hkh viuh larku osQ nks"kksa dks vius /S;Z o dksey O;ogkj
ls nwj djus dk iz;Ru djrh gSA
(ii) bu iafDr;ksa esa ys[kd dguk pkgrs gSa fd tc ge ,d ckj dhpM+ esa iSj Mkyrs
gSa rks gesa xanxh dk irk ugha pyrk D;ksafd dhpM+ esa rks pkjksa vksj xanxh gksrh
gSA Bhd mlh izdkj ,d ckj cqjh laxfr esa iM+ tkus ij mlls ckgj fudyuk
dfBu gks tkrk gSA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) mRre oSn~; dh
13
([k) oqQlax dk
(x) vf/d n`<+&ladYi okys
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) ls µ dj.k dkjd
([k) dk µ laca/ dkjd
(x) us µ drkZ dkjd
(?k) esa µ vf/dj.k dkjd
(Ä) ls@dk µ viknku@laca/ dkjd
(p) dk µ laca/ dkjd
2- gkfu vkSj ykHk xq.k vkSj nks"k
ekrk vkSj firk iFk dk izn'kZd
lR; dh fu"Bk Nk=k dh voLFkk
3- iz $ o`fRr oqQ $ ekxZ
Lo $ Hkko l $ psr
vuq $ la/ku iz $ ;Ru
4- (d) fpRr µ eu
fpr µ iM+k gqvk
([k) LoHkko µ lgt izÑfr
vkpj.k µ pfj=k
(x) vuqla/ku µ [kkst
vUos"k.k µ <w¡<+uk
(?k) foosd µ Hkys&cqjs dk Kku
cqn~f/ µ vDy
5- izHkq µ izHkqRo i'kq µ i'kqRo usrk µ usr`Ro
ca/q µ ca/qRo nso µ nsoRo O;fDr µ O;fDrRo
6- ,dkar] iq#"kkFkhZ] lgkuqHkwfr] fon~;kFkhZ
7- (d) tks idk u gks µ v/idk
([k) Nk=k dh voLFkk µ Nk=kkoLFkk
(x) iFk fn[kykus okyk µ iFk&izn'kZd
(?k) tks dyad jfgr gks µ fu"dyad
(Ä) lR; eas ftldh fu"Bk gks µ lR;fu"B
14
(p) vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus gksus okyk µ izR;{k
(N) ftldk mRlkg VwV x;k gks µ fu#Rlkgh
(t) LosPNkiw.kZ vkpkj.k djus okyk µ LosPNkpkjh
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- fe=k thou esa vko';d gksrs gSa tks gekjs lq[k&nq[k osQ lkFkh gksrs gSaA muls gesa ekufld
larqf"V feyrh gSA gj le; ;g [;ky jgrk gS fd dksbZ rks gekjs lkFk gSA
2- vtqZu&Ñ".k_ nq;ksZ/u&d.kZ dh fe=krk egkHkkjr esa vuks[kh FkhA vtqZu osQ fe=k Ñ".k us mldh
gj laHko en~n dhA mèkj nq;ksZèku us fe=k d.kZ dks viuh cjkcjh dk gd fn;kA vkt ;g lc
ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA yksx viuh LokFkZ izo`fRr osQ jgrs dHkh fdlh osQ lPps fe=k ugha cu
ikrsA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
4- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) ykyk yktirjk; us ;g i=k Hkkjr ek¡ dks lacksf/r djrs gq, fy[kk gSA
([k) ykyk yktirjk; osQ ân; dk lR; Fkk fd os bZ'oj ls Hkh vf/d ekr`Hkwfe ls izse
djrs FksA
(x) jkeizlkn fcfLey viuh ekrk dks viuh mUufr esa lgk;d ekurs FksA
15
(?k) fcfLey us bl vk'kk osQ lkFk i=k lekIr fd;k fd mudk tUe fiQj ifo=k HkkjrHkwfe
ij gh gksA
(Ä) ;g i=k jkeizlkn fcfLey us tsy ls fy[kk FkkA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) ykyk yktirjk; viuh ek¡ ls tqM+h gj oLrq ls I;kj djrs gSaA os ekr`Hkwfe osQ ioZr]
ufn;ksa] ?kkfV;ksa] eSnkuksa] iwQyksa] iQyksa vkSj jsfxLrkuksa ls I;kj djrs gSaA
([k) ykyk yktirjk; bZ'oj ls Hkh vf/d I;kj viuh ekr`Hkwfe ls djrs FksA
(x) fcfLey dks iQk¡lh dh l”kk lqukbZ xbZ Fkh ftl dkj.k os viuh ek¡ osQ pj.kksa dh lsok
ugha dj ik, FksA
(?k) jkeizlkn fcfLey us ekrkvksa dh ekrk Hkkjrekrk dks dgk gSA
(Ä) nksuksa gh i=k ekrk dks lacksf/r dj fy[ks x, gSa ijarq nksuksa esa varj Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
ykyk yktirjk; tgk¡ Hkkjr Hkwfe dks ekrk osQ :i esa lacksf/r dj vius izse dks mu
ij lefiZr djrs gSa ogha nwljk i=k jkeizlkn fcfLey viuh tuuh dks lacksf/r dj
fy[krs gSaA os viuh ekrk dh lsok djuk pkgrs gSa ysfdu mUgksaus ekrkvksa dh ekrk
Hkkjrekrk dh lsok esa viuk thou lefiZr dj fn;k gSA os Hkkjrekrk osQ fy, 'kghn
gksdj viuh ek¡ dk eLrd m¡Qpk djuk pkgrs gSaA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) ykyk yktirjk; ns'kokfl;ksa esa vlaxBu vkSj va/fo'okl dh Hkkoukvksa dks ns[krs gSaA
mUgsa ns'kokfl;ksa esa ns'kizse dh Hkkouk dk Hkh vHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ijarq os fiQj Hkh
mUgsa ugha NksM+ ikrs D;ksafd mUgsa Lo;a Hkkjrekrk ls I;kj gSA blh dkj.k os Hkkjr ls
tqM+h gj ph”k ls izse djrs gSaA
([k) fcfLey dh ek¡ us mUgsa cM+s d"Vksa esa ikyk FkkA
(x) jkeizlkn fcfLey us viuh ek¡ dks fy[kk Fkk fd mudk uke bfrgkl esa mTToy v{kjksa
esa fy[kk tk,xkA D;ksafd mudk iq=k g¡lrs&g¡lrs ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok esa viuk thou
lefiZr dj x;kA mUgksaus Hkkjr dks Lora=k djkus osQ fy, iQk¡lh dh Hkh ijokg ugha
dhA os Hkkjrekrk osQ fy, 'kghn gks x, FksA mUgksaus viuh tuuh dk flj ges'kk osQ
fy, m¡Qpk mBk fn;k FkkA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) eSa Hkkjr esa iqu% tUe yw¡ ([k) fcfLey dh e`R;q dk laokn
(x) jkse&jkse ls izse djosQ (?k) Hkkjrekrk osQ pj.kksa esa
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) la;qDr okD; ([k) feJ okD; (x) ljy okD;
(?k) feJ okD; (Ä) ljy okD;
16
2- izseh ekuoh; fo'oluh;
{kE; n;kyq /S;Zoku
I;kjk lq[kh d"Vdkjd
iwT; bfPNr vafre
lR; lsO; Lej.kh;
3- jkeizlkn jsfxLrku
/S;Z lefiZr
Jn~/k ifo=k
4- ekrk@tuuh vlaxfBr
/kfeZd oSKkfud
ikjaifjd vkfRed
lkfgfR;d ,sfrgkfld
5- (d) eSa@rqEgsa µ iq#"kokpd loZuke
([k) dHkh&dHkh_ nkuork_ vfuPNk_ viw.kZ_ izFke
(x) vR;ar µ u~
laxBu µ Ä~
fnlacj µ e~
(?k) Í µ `
(Ä) m $ t~ $ t~ $ o~ $ v $ y~ $ v
6- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
Lok/hu µ Hkkjr
Lo.kZ µ v{kj
egku µ ladV
izseHkjh µ ok.kh
rqEgkjk µ uke
n`<+ µ ân;
iwT; µ ekrk th
vafre µ oanu
7- Lohdkj µ vLohdkj nq[k µ lq[k
fujk'kk µ vk'kk nkuork µ ekuork
vehj µ xjhc voufr µ mRFkku
;ksX; µ v;ksX; /hj µ v/hj
17
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
4- cPps Lo;a djsaA
5- ;g fp=k 26 tuojh esa fudyus okyh ijsM dk gSA blesa oqQN lSfud ekpZ ikLV djrs gq,
dne ls dne feykdj py jgs gSaA ihNs ,d VSad Hkh vkrk gqvk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA ;g fnu
gesa ns'k dh v[kaMrk dks e”kcwr cukus osQ iz.k dks ;kn fnykrk gSA
7- gd nks
vH;kl
dfork&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) iwQy dks gok ls I;kj djus dk] vksl] /wi] jax Hkjus dk] flgjus] dk¡ius vkSj mHkjus
dk gd gksuk pkfg,A
([k) u, iwQyksa osQ fy, iwQy [kqn dks lefiZr dj nsrk gSA
(x) ckny d.k&d.k esa ifRr;ksa osQ banz/uq"k dks ltk,A
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) xa/ dk dk;Z gS lc rjI+kQ viuh lqxa/ dks iSQykukA pkgs mM+dj] cgdj] f?kjdj ;k
>M+dj og viuh lqxa/ dks lc rjI+kQ iSQykus dk dk;Z djrh gSA
18
([k) Mxj Fkddj pkSjkgs ij #ddj u;k jkLrk cukuk pkgrh gSA
(x) ekVh osQ gkjus dk vFkZ [ksrksa dh esaM+ cu tkus ij I+kQly vkxs ugha c<+rh ysfdu esaM+ksa
dh feV~Vh ij Hkh ?kkl dh irkdk iQgjkrh jgrh gS ftlls feV~Vh osQ u gkjus dh
lwpuk feyrh gSA
(?k) xa/ ubZ xa/ osQ fy, ej feVus dks rS;kj jgrh gSA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) ckny uUgs ikS/ksa dks viuh 'kj.k vkSj I;kj nsdj mUgsa gjk&Hkjk djosQ ltk nsrk gSA
([k) ckny u, cknyksa osQ fy, cgdj] VwVdj lefiZr gksdj txg [kkyh djrk gSA
(x) ubZ ygj rc vk,xh tc iqjkuh ygj jsr ij vkdj yqIr gks tk,xhA
(?k) ekVh osQ vanj ls vaoqQj rc iwQVrk gS tc mls /wi] ikuh vkSj [kkn feyrk gSA
(Ä) nw/ dh irkdk ekuo dks ;g lans'k nsrh gS fd /jrh dh mitkÅ {kerk ges'kk cuh
jgrh gSA ubZ ihf<+;ksa osQ fy, og mxrh jgrh gSA
(p) dfo feV~Vh dh gkj blfy, ugha pkgrk D;ksafd feV~Vh ls gh vUu izkIr gksrk gSA
mldh mitkÅ {kerk ges'kk cuh jgs mlh esa gh feV~Vh dh thr gSA
2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ
Mxj dks gd -------- ubZ Mxj osQ fy,A
bu iafDr;ksa ls dfo dk vk'k; gS fd Mxj dks ;g gd feyuk pkfg, fd og dgha Hkh]
dHkh Hkh] fdlh Hkh ou] ioZr] [ksr] xyh ls xq”kjsA viuh Fkdku dks feVkus osQ fy, pkSjkgs
dk lgkjk ys vkSj fiQj ubZ Mxj dh vksj eqM+ tk,A u, jkLrs cuk,A
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- • vkleku ij cknyksa dk vkuk&tkuk yxk gqvk FkkA
• ouksa esa taxyh tkuoj jgrs gSaA
• ioZrksa ij cjI+kQ dh ijr fcNh gqbZ FkhA
• [ksrksa esa I+kQly ygygk jgh FkhA
2- iwQy µ iq"i] lqeu] oqQlqe
gok µ ok;q] lehj] iou
xa/ µ egd] [kq'kcw] lqxa/
ou µ taxy] dkuu] fofiu
ckny µ ?ku] es?k] ty/j
3- u,] jaxhu] iwQy ubZ] yach] Mxj
ubZ] vPNh] xa/ ubZ] tks'khyh] ygj
u,] gjs] ikS/s gjh] ihyh] irkdk
gjh] banz/uq"kh] ifRr;k¡ u,] lPps] ekuo
19
4- (d) iwQy dks jaxksa ls HkjksA ldeZd
([k) uUgs ikS/s dks Nk¡g nksA ldeZd
(x) ygj osQ lkFk rV ij tkvksA vdeZd
(?k) feV~Vh dks gd nksA ldeZd
(Ä) feV~Vh dHkh u gkjsA vdeZd
5- u;k × iqjkuk gkj × thr
gydk × Hkkjh /wi × Nk;k
lqxa/ × nqx±/ izlwu × 'kwy
cSBuk × mBuk nso × nkuo
6- (d) oqQy@owQy ([k) leku@lEeku
(x) mi;qZDr@mi;qDr (?k) ifjek.k@ifj.kke
(Ä) cgkj@ckgj
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- iq"i&esyk iwQyksa dk ,slk esyk gksrk gS ftlesa rjg&rjg osQ iwQyksa osQ ikS/s j[ks tkrs gSaA buosQ
ckjs esa mi;qDr tkudkfj;k¡ nh tkrh gSaA ;g esyk gj o"kZ clar osQ eghus esa yxk, tkrs gSaA
fnYyh esa ;g iwQyokyksa dh lSj osQ :i esa vDVwcj&uoacj osQ eghus esa yxk;k tkrk gSA
fgekpy izns'k osQ fdUukSj {ks=k esa iwQyksa dk R;ksgkj euk;k tkrk gSA iwQy Mksy esyk jktLFkku
esa mRlo dh Hkk¡fr euk;k tkrk gSA
2- izÑfr osQ :i xjeh] ljnh] cjlkr esa cnyrs jgrs gSaA ;s gesa lans'k nsrs gSa fd fdlh Hkh ph”k
dk :i ,d&lk ugha jgrkA le; osQ lkFk gh gesa [kqn dks Hkh cnyuk iM+rk gSA
ikB ls vkxs
1- iwQy eqj>kus ij u, iwQy osQ ijkx d.kksa dks /jrh ij NksM+ tkrk gS] mlh rjg o`{k vkSj ikSèks
Hkh fujarj mx dj /jrh dh nwf"kr gokvksa dks lkI+kQ djrs gSa vkSj i;kZoj.k esa 'kqn~/ gok dk
lapkj djrs gSaA
2- izÑfr dh lHkh ph”ksa izsj.kke;h gSa ijarq lwjt gesa lcls vf/d izsj.kk nsrk gS fd le; ij
dk;Z djks] vius izdk'k ls tx dks jks'ku djksA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
2- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
3- gesa iwQyksa dks dHkh rksM+uk ugha pkfg,A iwQy Mkyh ij yxs gq, gh vPNs yxrs gSaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- ge miou esa <sj lkjs iwQyksa osQ ikS/s yxk,¡xsA
20
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vifBr in~;ka'k
(d) liQyrk vkSj miyfC/;ksa osQ iwQy] lkgl vkSj R;kx dh nqxZe igkfM+;ksa ij f[kyrs gSaA
([k) eulwcs lkI+kQ Li"V gksus pkfg,A
(x) dfo osQ vuqlkj thou esa ogh oqQN ik ldrs gSa tks n`<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj yhd ls
gVdj oqQN dj xqtjrs gSaA
(?k) vkdk'k vkSj oL=kA
8- le; dk mi;ksx
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) fdlku vkyLkh FkkA mlus I+kQly idus ij ugha dkVh] ftl dkj.k if{k;ksa us mldh
I+kQly dks u"V dj fn;kA
([k) dchj bl nksgs esa ;g lh[k nsrs gSa fd dk;ks± dks dy ij Vkyus dh txg gesa dk;Z
dks mlh {k.k iwjk dj ysuk pkfg,A D;ksafd iy Hkj dk Hkh Hkjkslk ugha gksrk fd vxyk
iy oSQlk gksxkA
(x) le>nkj O;fDr ogh gksrk gS tks le; jgrs dk;Z dks iwjk dj ysrk gSA
(?k) [kjxks'k us ;g ns[kdj nk¡rksa rys m¡xyh nck yh fd bl ckj dNqvk vkSj rs”kh ls nkSM+k
vkSj fot;h gks x;kA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) le; dks eqV~Bh dh jsr dh rjg crk;k x;k gS D;ksafd ftl rjg jsr dks eqV~Bh esa
Hkjus ij fiQly tkrh gS] mlh rjg le; Hkh gkFkksa ls fiQly tkrk gSA
([k) le; ij dke djus ls dk;Z osQ iw.kZ gksus dh izlUurk rks gksrh gS lkFk gh thou esa
vkxs c<+us dk ekxZ iz'kLr gksrk gSA
(x) oSQysaMj dk vkfo"dkj le; osQ pØ dks ck¡/us osQ fy, fd;k x;kA
(?k) Vkyw ekLVj us lans'k ysdj vk, O;fDr dks dy vkus dh ckr dgdj Vky fn;k
FkkA mudk ^dy* dHkh vk;k ughaA ckn esa tc mUgsa irk pyk fd inksUufr osQ fy,
lk{kkRdkj nsus osQ fy, cqyk;k x;k Fkk] rc os cgqr iNrk, D;ksafd volj muosQ gkFk
ls tk pqdk FkkA
21
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) euq"; us lH;rk osQ fodkl osQ lkFk le; dh dher dks igpkuk rFkk mlosQ egRo
dks le>kA mlosQ vuqlkj dk;Z djus dh dksf'k'k dhA mlus lw;Z osQ mn;&vLr gksus
osQ le; dks ck¡èkus osQ fy, ?kM+h dh [kkst dh rFkk o"kZ i;±r pyus okys le; pØ
dks oSQysaMj dk vkfo"dkj dj ck¡èkus dh dksf'k'k dhA
([k) izÑfr dh rjI+kQ ns[ksa rks mlosQ gj dk;Z le; vuq:i gh gksrs gSaA le; ij gh lwjt
fu;fer :i ls mn; vkSj vLr gksrk gSA i`Foh viuh èkqjh ij fuf'pr xfr ls ?kwerh
gSA panzek i`Foh dh ifjØek fuf'pr vof/ esa iwjh djrk gSA i`Foh lw;Z dh ifjØek
fuf'pr vof/ esa djrh gSA ekSle dk fuf'pr le; gksrk gSA Tokjk&HkkVk fuf'pr
vofèk esa vkrs gSaA izdk'k dh fdj.ksa fuf'pr xfr ls pyrh gSaA èofu dh jÝ+rkj Hkh
fuf'pr gSA
(x) le; xfr'khy gSA mls ck¡èkdj j[kuk vlaHko gSA mls ck¡/dj j[kus osQ fy, gesa gkFk
dh igyh m¡xyh izFkek dh rjg viuk y{; fuf'pr djuk iM+xs kA os lkjs dke tks ge
djuk pkgrs gSa mudh lwph cukdj j[kuh gksxhA le; osQ lkFk LièkkZ djuh iM+xs hA ftlosQ
fy, vko';d gS fd ge viuh ln~cnq f~ èk ls le; dk Hkjiwj iz;ksx djsAa vkyL; u djsa
rFkk le; dks O;FkZ u"V u djsAa rHkh ge le; dks ck¡èkdj j[k ik,¡xAs
(?k) (i) ge le; dks -------- ”k:j ldrs gSaA
bl iafDr dk vk'k; gS fd ge le; dks jksd ugha ldrs ysfdu le; osQ lkFk
pydj dk;ks± dks iwjk vo'; dj ldrs gSaA
(ii) i`Foh -------- ?kwerh gSA
le; ij fnu&jkr gksrs gSa D;ksafd i`Foh viuh /qjh ij viuh fuf'pr xfr ls
yxkrkj ?kwerh jgrh gSA
2- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZµ
(d) okil ([k) fuf'pr (x) vof/ (?k) eqV~Bh
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) deZ dkjd ([k) laiznku dkjd (x) laiznku dkjd
(?k) deZ dkjd (Ä) deZ dkjd (p) laiznku dkjd
2- (d) vuqfpr ([k) ukle> (x) egRoiw.kZ
(?k) vlqfo/k (Ä) ln~cqn~f/ (p) v'osr
3- xsgw¡ µ rn~Hko 'osr µ rRle
[ksr µ rn~Hko gkFk µ rn~Hko
lw;Z µ rRle oqQvk¡ µ rn~Hko
f'k{kk µ rRle iaNh µ rn~Hko
22
4- (d) vo/h µ Hkk"kk vof/ µ le;
vfer us cgqr de vofèk eas voèkh Hkk"kk lh[k yhA
([k) jkt µ 'kklu jk”k µ jgL;
jktk us vius jkt esa dbZ jk”k iztk ls fNik, FksA
(x) fpj µ iqjkuk phj µ oL=k
mldk ;g phj fpj dky dk yxrk FkkA
(?k) tyt µ dey tyn µ ckny
tyn ls tSls gh o"kkZ dh cw¡nsa tyt ij fxjh] og vkSj lqanj yxus yxkA
(Ä) dkafr µ lkSan;Z] ped Økafr µ ifjorZu
Økafrdkfj;ksa osQ psgjksa ij ohjrk dh dkafr FkhA
(p) mis{kk µ vuknj vis{kk µ vk'kk
dksbZ O;fDr dHkh ;g vis{kk ugha djrk fd dksbZ mldh mis{kk djsA
5- (d) mls ck”kkj tkuk gSA
([k) tks dek,xh oks [kk,xhA
(x) mldk lc oqQN yqV x;kA
(?k) eq>s vkt dke ij tkuk gSA
(Ä) ftl vkneh us ;g dke fd;k gS og xyr gSA
6- (d) j µ jÝ+rkj] jkLrk
([k) [kjxks'k] gjk;k
(x) dk;Z] lw;Z
(?k) iz;kl] izo`fRr
7- le; µ iqfYyax [ksr µ iqfYyax
nok µ L=khfyax oqQvk¡ µ iqfYyax
phaVh µ L=khfyax eqV~Bh µ L=khfyax
lw;Z µ iqfYyax eksecRrh µ L=khfyax
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- jsy] ok;q;ku vkfn dk vkokxeu le;&lkj.kh osQ vuqlkj blfy, gksrk gS rkfd ;k=kh le;
ij igq¡p losaQA mUgsa vius xarO; LFkku rd jsy vkSj ok;q;ku vkfn igq¡pk losaQA le;&lkj.kh
23
dk vFkZ gh gS le; dks foHkkftr dj mlosQ vuqlkj dk;Z djukA gekjs ikl fuf'pr le;
gksrk gS ftleas lHkh dk;ks± dks iwjk djuk gksrk gSA
2- fon~;ky;ksa esa lqpk: :i ls i<+kbZ dh tk losQ] blfy, Nk=kksa rFkk vè;kidksa dks le;&lkj.kh
nh tkrh gS rkfd gj fo"k; dh i<+kbZ osQ vfrfjDr [ksy] laxhr] eè;kodk'k lHkh dks le;
fn;k tk losQA fon~;ky; esa le;&lkj.kh u gksus ij fdlh Hkh fo"k; dh d{kk fdlh Hkh
le; yxsxhA d{kk dh vof/ esa ?kVksrjh ;k c<+ksrjh gks tk,xhA le;&lkj.kh u gksus ij i<+kbZ
Bhd ls ugha gks ik,xh] cPps ;k rks [ksyrs gh jgsaxs vU;Fkk oqQN dk;Z Bhd ls ugha dj ik,¡xsA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- vius fy, le;&lkj.kh cukrs le; mleas i<+kbZ] [ksyowQn] nwjn'kZu] oaQI;wVj] ?kj osQ dke esa
ekrk&firk dh lgk;rk osQ lkFk foJke] Hkkstu vkfn dk è;ku j[ksaxsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
9- lqu;uk dh Mk;jh
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) lqu;uk dks ltuk l¡ojuk ilan FkkA
([k) d{kk esa lqu;uk us mUgha dks viuk fe=k cuk;k] tks ns[kus esa vPNs yxrs FksA viuh
bl vknr osQ dkj.k og lcls de gh ?kqyrh&feyrh FkhA
(x) nknk th vius lkFk ,d ?kk;y fcYyh dks yk, FksA
(?k) nknk th ?kj dk cpk gqvk [kkuk taxyh fcfYy;ksa vkSj oqQRrksa dks cxhps esa tkdj
f[kykrs FksA
(Ä) fcYyh dh nqnZ'kk dkj osQ uhps vkus osQ dkj.k gqbZA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) lqu;uk osQ twrs] cSx] f[kykSus] isu] dkWih] diM+s lc oqQN lkI+kQ&lqFkjs jgrs Fks] blfy,
mldh lgsfy;k¡ mldh rkjhI+kQ djrh FkhaA
([k) 'kke osQ le; nknk th cxhps esa ?kweus tkrs Fks vkSj ogk¡ taxyh fcfYy;k¡] oqQRrksa vkfn
dks [kkuk f[kykrs FksA ogha nsj rd lqu;uk vkSj nknk th xi'ki Hkh djrs FksA
24
(x) fcYyh ?kk;y Fkh vkSj nknk th mldh ejge&iV~Vh djuk pkgrs FksA mudk vf/dka'k
lkeku rg[kkus esa gh gksrk Fkk blfy, nknk th fcYyh dks lh/s rg[kkus esa ys x,A
(?k) lqu;uk fcYyh ls uI+kQjr djrh Fkh ftls nknk th us Hkk¡i fy;kA mUgksaus lqu;uk dks
le>k;k fd fdlh ls Hkh uI+kQjr ugha djuh pkfg,A mUgksaus lqu;uk ls iwNk fd ;fn os
chekj gks x, ;k mUgsa fdlh nq?kZVuk ls pksV yx tk, rks D;k og muls ?k`.kk djsxhA
nknk th dh ckrksa us lqu;uk dk ân; ifjorZu dj fn;k ftl dkj.k lqu;uk oSQVh ls
izse djus yxh vkSj mu nksuksa osQ chp nksLrh gks xbZA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) Mk;jh esa ge vius fopkjksa vkSj Hkkoksa dks fy[krs gSaA blls ge vius ân; ls tqM+h
ckrksa dks fy[kdj vius vkidks gydk eglwl dj ldrs gSaA Mk;jh gekjs fopkjksa dks
O;ofLFkr djus esa gekjh enn djrh gSA
([k) nknk th us chekj fcYyh dh [kwc lsok dhA mlosQ ”k[eksa dks /ksdj nokbZ yxkdj
iV~Vh dh] gYnh okyk nw/ fiyk;kA mls le; ij nw/] vaMk] cszM&jksVh f[kykuk]
ejge&iV~Vh djuk vkfn vusd ckrksa dk è;ku j[krs gq, fcYyh dks Bhd dj fn;kA
(x) Bhd gks tkus osQ ckn oSQVh iwjs ?kj esa nkSM+&nkSM+dj viuh [kq'kh fn[kkus yxhA dHkh
eEeh&ikik osQ dejs esa rks dHkh lqu;uk ;k nknk th osQ iSjksa esa yksV yxkus yxhA
(?k) nknk th us lqu;uk dks dbZ ckrsa le>kb±A mUgksaus le>k;k fd gesa fdlh ls uI+kQjr
ugha djuh pkfg,A mUgksaus ckgjh lqanjrk dks oqQN le; jgus okyk rFkk eu dh lqanjrk
dks lnSo gjk&Hkjk jgus okyk crk;kA nknk th osQ vuqlkj ;fn ge ckgjh fn[kkos dks
ns[ksaxs rks vkarfjd lqanjrk dks dHkh ns[k ugha ik,¡xsA gesa dHkh fdlh tho ls ?k`.kk ugha
djuh pkfg,A tM+&psru] i'kq&i{kh ;k isM+&ikS/s ;k balku lHkh ls izse djuk pfg,A
(Ä) var esa lqu;uk dks lkjh nqfu;k lqanj yxus yxhA mlus vius esa dkI+kQh cnyko eglwl
fd;kA mls i'kq&if{k;ksa ls izse gksus yxkA og tku xbZ fd i'kq&i{kh bZ'oj dh vueksy
jpuk,¡ gSaA ;fn lqanjrk gekjh u”kjksa esa gks rks lkjk lalkj gh lqanj yxrk gSA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) oqQN cPpksa dks
([k) cpk gqvk
3- (d) esjh nksLrh fdlls gks xbZ\
([k) vkt fdrus fnu gks x,\
(x) nknk th us eq>s baVjusV ij fdlls lacaf/r tkudkfj;k¡ fn[kkbZ\
(?k) i'kq&i{kh fdldh vueksy jpuk gS\
(Ä) D;k vc eSa Lo;a esa cnyko eglwl djrh gw¡\
4- (d) 'kke dks lhek viuh eEeh osQ lkFk ?kj ij vk xbZ Fkh ftl dkj.k lqu;uk nknk th
osQ lkFk cxhps esa ugha tk ldhA
25
([k) nknh th ?kk;y fcYyh dks ysdj rg[kkus esa pys x,A
(x) ?kk;y fcYyh
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) dh rjg ([k) osQ dkj.k (x) osQ lkFk
(?k) osQ ihNs (Ä) osQ fy, (p) osQ ckn
2- (d) fo/kuokpd ([k) fu"ks/okpd (x) iz'uokpd
(?k) laosQrokpd (Ä) vkKkokpd (p) foLe;okpd
3- ilan × ukilan vkarfjd × ckg~;
lqanj × vlaqnj ckgjh × Hkhrjh
[kwclwjr × cnlwjr Lohdkj × vLohdkj
nqxZfr × ln~xfr tM+ × psru
4- lgsfy;k¡ efEe;k¡ cxhps
fcfYy;k¡ fdrkcsa rg[kkus
nokb;k¡ rlohjsa ckrsa
iV~fV;k¡ nq?kZVuk,¡ tkudkfj;k¡
5- xehZ nq?kZVuk
xjnu fe=k
vk'p;Z nqxZfr
?k`.kk crkZo
6- ! foLe;kfncks/d A iw.kZ fojke
¶¸ nksgjk mn~èkj.k ] vn~/Z&fojke
\ iz'uokpd µ ;kstd
7- MkWDVj] MkWy] VªkWyh] ykWdj] dkWVwZu
8- (d) eSa µ iq#"kokpd
([k) eq>s µ iq#"kokpd
(x) esjh@blh µ iq#"kokpd] fu'p;okpd
(?k) viuk µ futokpd
(Ä) mUgksaus] eq>s µ iq#"kokpd@vius µ futokpd
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- gk¡] tkuojksa esa Hkh Hkkouk,¡ gksrh gSaA os izse vkSj Øks/ dks Hkyh&Hkk¡fr le>rs gSaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
26
ikB ls vkxs
1- mls ge vkarfjd lqanjrk ls igys voxr djk,¡xsA 'kjhj dh lqanjrk u"V gks tkrh gS ysfdu
ân; dh] vanj dh dksey Hkkouk,¡ lnSo ;kn j[kh tkrh gSaA
2- Hkkjr esa f'kdkj ij izfrca/ yxkdj i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ laj{k.k osQ fy, vko';d dne mBk,
x, gSaA taxyh tkuojksa dks f'kdkj djuk] ,d vijk/ le>k tkus yxk gSA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
10- 'kkL=kkFkZ
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) 'kkL=kkFkZ djus okys egkiafMr oanu feJ FksA
([k) iafMr oanu feJ us lkr ½f"k;ksa dks ijkftr fd;k FkkA
(x) ^v"VkoozQ* dk 'kjhj vkB LFkkuksa ls Vs<+k FkkA
(?k) jktk tud us vius lHkklnksa dks v"VkoozQ dk vieku u djus osQ fy, lko/ku
fd;kA
(Ä) jktiafMr oanu feJ ls var esa v"VkoØ 'kkL=kkFkZ djus vk;kA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) v"VkoozQ us viuk ifjp; nsrs gq, crk;k fd mlosQ firk egkiafMr dgksM+ vkSj ukuk
egf"kZ mn~nkyd gSa vkSj mudh ekrk lqtkrk gSaA
([k) v"VkoozQ osQ firk dgksM+ dks oanu feJ us 'kkL=kkFkZ esa ijkftr dj unh esa Mqcks fn;k
Fkk ftldk cnyk oanu feJ ls ysus v"VkoozQ vk;k FkkA
(x) tks 'kjhj esa 'kqn~/ vkSj fufoZdkj vkRek dks igpkurs gSa] ogha czg~eKkuh dgykrs gSaA
27
(?k) v"VkoozQ us viuh vk;q osQ NksVs gksus ij roZQ fn;k fd vk;q osQ vuqlkj NksVs&cM+s dk
fu.kZ; rks ew[kZ&eaMyh esa gksrk gSA vk;q esa og Hkys NksVk Fkk ijarq Kku esa NksVk ugha
FkkA mnkgj.k nsrs gq, og le>krk gS fd iQyksa ls ynk gqvk NksVk o`{k iQy jfgr yacs
o`{kksa ls vf/d fiz; gksrk gSA
(Ä) v"VkoozQ osQ firk dgksM+ osn ikB djrs Fks vkSj mnkRr dks vuqnkRr i<+k djrs FksA
v"VkoozQ us tc vkB ckj mUgsa Vksdk rks mUgksaus ozQks/ ls 'kki nsrs gq, dgk fd vkB
ckj Vksdus osQ dkj.k mlosQ 'kjhj osQ vax vkB LFkkuksa ls Vs<+s gks tk,¡A
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) oanu feJ osQ vuqlkj bafnz;ksa dh la[;k ik¡p gS] eu lfgr Kkusfnz;k¡ Ng gSAa lIrf"kZ;ksa dh
la[;k lkr gSA oh.kk osQ rkj lkr gSAa uo fuf/;k¡ gSAa vadksa dh la[;k ,d ls ukS gSAa
([k) iafMr oanu us ijkftr gksus ij ;g jgL; mn~?kkfVr fd;k fd os jktk o#.k osQ iq=k
gSaA muosQ ;gk¡ Hkh ckjg o"kks± esa iw.kZ gksusokyk ;K py jgk FkkA ml ;K osQ vuq"Bku
osQ fy, lkr Js"B iafMrksa dh vko';drk FkhA ty esa Mqcksus osQ cgkus ls mUgsa ;K esa
Hkstk tk jgk FkkA
(x) dgksM+ us v"VkoozQ osQ Bhd gksus osQ fy, crk;k fd mUgksaus tc o#.k ;K esa vkgqfr
Mkyh rks Hkxoku o#.k us dgk fd rqEgkjk iq=k rqEgkjs lkFk leaxk unh esa Luku djs rks
og vR;ar lqanj 'kjhj /kj.k dj ysxkA og v"VkoozQ u jgdj lqMkSy vkSj lqanj ½f"k
oqQekj cu tk,xkA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) lw;Z ([k) eNyh (x) iapn'k
3- (d) jktk tud ls egkiafMr oanu feJ dg jgs gSaA
([k) iafMr oanu feJ lHkh iafMrksa dks 'kkL=kkFkZ esa ijkftr djus vk, FksA
(x) 'kkL=kkFkZ dh 'krZ Fkh fd ijkftr gksus ij unh esa Mqcks fn, tk,¡xsA
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- Hkkjr fo/s;
(d) Hkkjr dh lH;rk izpfyr gSA
([k) fnYyh Hkkjr dh jkt/kuh gSA
(x) eSa dy cqvk osQ ?kj tkšxkA
(?k) izoh.k dh [ksyksa esa #fp gSA
(Ä) pk.kD; cM+k cqn~f/eku FkkA
(p) chjcy dh prqjkbZ fo'o fofnr gSA
(N) lqfer iqQVckWy [ksy jgk gSA
2- ue%] izkr%] iqu%] Lor%
28
3- vijkftr ew[kZ efyu
ijkt; ojnku vuqifLFkr
voKk ljyrk foi{k
4- (d) mldk 'kjhj fdrus LFkkuksa ls Vs<+k gS\
([k) egkjkt! eq>s ns[kdj vkidh lHkk osQ lHkh iafMr g¡l ugha jgs gSaA
(x) vjs! mldk vieku ugha gksuk pkfg,A
5- (d) vk¡[ksa Hkj vkb±A
([k) vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;kA
(x) vk¡[ksa rjl xb±A
(?k) vk¡[kksa dk rkjk gksrs gSaA
(Ä) vk¡[kksa esa /wy >ksad jgs gksA
6- (d) la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k
([k) lkS] lq] iz
(x) br] bZ
(?k) v $ "k~ $ V~ $ vk $ o~ $ v $ o~Q $ j~ $ v
m $ i~ $ v $ l~ $ Fk~ $ b $ r~ $ v
7- (d) ijarq ([k) fd (x) vkSj
(?k) blfy, (Ä) cfYd
8- (d) D;k jktiafMr oanu feJ ;gk¡ gSa\
([k) os gSaµ Íf"k dkSf'kd] /ekZpk;Z eqn~xy] dgksM+] iqjat;] funk?k vkSj ykse'kA
(x) "kksM'k&dyk,¡ gSa] "kksM'k Üka`xkj gSa] "kksM'k laLdkj gSaA
(?k) egkjkt tud! eSa jktk o#.k dk iq=k gw¡A
(Ä) vk;q osQ vuqlkj NksVs&cM+s dk fu.kZ; rks ew[kZ eaMyh esa gksrk gSA
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
2- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
29
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- 'kkjhfjd :i ls v{ke O;fDr dk dHkh migkl ugha mM+kuk pkfg, D;ksafd 'kkjhfjd viaxrk
Lo;a osQ gkFkksa esa ugha gksrhA bZ'oj us lkjh l`f"V dh jpuk dh gSA blfy, Hkxoku dh cukbZ
jpuk dk migkl fdlh dks ugha djuk pkfg,A
2- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
4- cPps Lo;a djsaA
5- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vH;kl
dfork&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) dfo /jrh dk vk¡py xzgksa&mixzgksa dh /jk ij iSQykuk pkgrk gSA
([k) lHkh ns'k osQ yksxksa dks HksnHkko feVkdj ,d&nwljs osQ fudV vkuk pkfg,A
(x) bl dfork eas dfo ;g lans'k nsrk gS fd lHkh HksnHkko feVkdj vkil esa fey&tqydj
jgsa vkSj ekuo dY;k.k osQ fy, dk;Z djsaA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) /jrh dks LoxZ cukus osQ fy, gesa ,d&nwljs osQ lkFk fey&tqydj jguk gksxkA
([k) ekuo osQ fy, og {k.k egRoiw.kZ gS tc lkjs ns'k ,d&nwljs osQ fudV vk tk,¡xsA
vkilh HksnHkko dks Hkqyk nsaxsA
(x) dfo dh bPNk gS fd lkjk lalkj fo'oca/qRo dh Hkkouk ls vksr izksr gksA
(?k) euq"; us ns'kdky osQ caèkuksa dks rksM+dj xzgksa&mixzgksa rd viuh igq¡p cuk yh gSA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) foKku dk laiw.kZ fodkl ekuo fgr vkSj /jrh osQ fgr osQ fy, gksuk pkfg,A
([k) igukos] [kku&iku] Å¡p&uhp tSls Hksn thou in~/fr;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrs gSa ftUgsa
nwj dj lc ,d gks ldrs gSaA
30
(x) ekuo us panzek ij tkus dk liuk ns[kk Fkk tks foKku dh izxfr osQ dkj.k lkdkj gks
x;k gSA
(?k) ;g /jrh lq[k vkSj laink ls laiUu rHkh gks ldrh gS tc ekuo vius fodkl dks
èkjrh osQ fgr osQ fy, iz;ksx djsaA
(Ä) (i) HksnHkko fojks/ 'kkar dj fudV vk,¡ lc ns'kkssa osQ tu
(ii) iQgjk, xzg&mixzg esa /jrh dk ';key vapyA
2- (d) panzyksd vkSj varfj{k esa ekuo us izos'k fd;k gSA
([k) ekuo us HksnHkko osQ ca/uksa dks rksM+k gSA
(x) euq"; osQ panzyksd vkSj varfj{k esa tkus dks dfo us fnfXot; crk;k gSA
(?k) olq/So] oqQVqacdeA
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- iq#"kksRre µ iq#"kksa esa mRre
lTtu µ lr~ gS tks tu
uhyxxu µ uhyk gS tks xxu
dkyh fepZ µ dkyh gS tks fepZ
deyu;u µ dey osQ leku u;u
ujflag µ flag osQ leku uj
pj.kdey µ dey osQ leku pj.k
eqfuJs"B µ tks eqfu;ksa esa Js"B gSa
2- ns'k µ Lons'k] fons'k] ijns'k
tu µ O;atu] lTtu] Lotu
;qx µ ;qxkar] ;qxhu] ;qxksRrj
ekuo µ ekuoh;] ekuohdj.k] ekuoghu
lq[k µ lq[kn] lq[kh] lq[kiwoZd
3- (d) tks gks losQ µ laHko
([k) tks feyk&tqyk gks µ lefUor
(x) ftls thruk dfBu gks µ nqtsZ;
(?k) tks iqjk.k ls lacaf/r gks µ ikSjkf.kd
(Ä) lHkh fn'kkvksa dks thrus okyk µ fnfXot;
4- ekuo µ euq";] vkneh ns'k µ eqYd] oru
/jrh µ /jk] i`Foh uo µ u;k] uwru
xkSjo µ xoZ] eku laink µ nkSyr] laifRr
31
5- fgr × vfgr lR; × vlR;
'kkar × v'kkar 'kqHk × v'kqHk
LoxZ × ujd thou × ej.k
eaxy × veaxy laHko × vlaHko
fu'p; × vfu'p; foLr`r × ladh.kZ
6- ekuo µ ekuork fudV µ fudVrk
'kkar µ 'kkafr laiUu µ laiUurk
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) ikB esa vtark&,yksjk dh xqiQkvksa dh ;k=kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
([k) vtark&,yksjk vkSjaxkckn esa fLFkr gSaA
(x) xqiQkvksa esa cus fp=k 7 oha 'krkCnh esa cus FksA
(?k) bu xqiQkvksa osQ fp=kksa ij fganw] ckSn~/ vkSj tSu /eks± dk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
(Ä) vtark esa oqQy 30 xqiQk,¡ gSaA
32
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) bu xqiQkvksa dh lcls igyh [kkst 1819 esa fczfV'k lsuk dh enzkl jsftesaV osQ ,d
lsuk vf/dkjh tkWu fLeFk us dh FkhA
([k) bu xqiQkvksa dk fuekZ.k yxHkx 1000 o"kZ rd fd;k x;kA ysfdu ewfrZ;ksa dh dykRedrk
eas ”kjk&lk Hkh I+kQoZQ ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA
(x) bu xqiQkvksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaµvtark dh xqiQkvksa dks ,d igkM+ dks dkVdj cuk;k
x;k Fkk tcfd ,yksjk esa dbZ igkfM+;ksa dks dkVk x;k FkkA ;s Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjh dk
loksZRre mnkgj.k gSaA bu xqiQkvksa dk fuekZ.k dk;Z 1000 o"kZ rd pyk ysfdu brus
o"kks± rd dk;Z pyus ij Hkh ewfrZ;ksa dh dykRedrk esa ”kjk&lk Hkh I+kQoZQ ns[kus dks
ugha feyrkA ;s xqiQk,¡ ?kksM+s osQ uky osQ vkdkj esa cuh gSaA buesa ckSn~/ fHk{kqdksa vkfn
dh fp=kdFkk,¡ iSQyh gqbZ gSaA ;gk¡ dh f'kYidyk,¡ vius vki esa cstksM+ gSaA buesa vusd
izdkj osQ iwQy] ifRr;ksa] o`{kksa vkfn ls ltkoV dk dke fd;k x;k gSA
(?k) vtark dh xqiQkvksa esa cqn~/ dh ewfrZ;k¡] tkrd dFkk,¡] iwQy&ifRr;k¡] o`{kksa] i'kq
vkÑfr;ksa vkfn dks fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA
(Ä) ,yksjk dh xqiQk,¡ Tokykeq[kh; cslkYVh iRFkjksa dks dkVdj cukbZ xbZ gSaA
(p) ,yksjk esa 34 xqiQk,¡ gSaA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) oSQyk'kukFk eafnj ,yksjk xqiQkvksa esa gS vkSj ;g okLrqdyk dk vn~Hkqr uewuk gS ftls iRFkj
osQ osQoy ,d [kaHks ij uDdk'kh dj cuk;k x;k gSA bl eafnj esa ,d izos'k n~okj] eaMi]
lHkk d{k] Vkoj vkSj ,dkar d{k Hkh gSA
([k) vtark ,yksjk dh xqiQkvksa osQ ckjs esa cPps ikB ls tkusa vkSj vius 'kCnksa esa fy[ksaA
(x) vtark esa in~eikf.k cqn~/ dh izfrek cjcl eu dks [khap ysrh gSA blesa fofHkUu dks.kksa
ls cqn~/ osQ psgjs ij fHkUu&fHkUu Hkko fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA nkfguh fn'kk ls cqn~/ fparu djrs
gq, tcfd lkeus ,oa ckb± vksj ls 'kkar vkSj è;kuLFk eqnzk esa cny tkrs gSaA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) jk"VªowQV ([k) ckSn~/ /eZ (x) 1819
3- (d) euq"; ([k) cM+s (x) /kfeZd
(?k) 1000 (Ä) taxyksa
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- f=kus=k µ rhu gSa us=k ftlosQ
iadt µ dhpM+ esa tks mxrk gS
fxfj/j µ fxfj dks /kj.k djus okyk
33
/ekZRek µ /eZ ls ;qDr vkRek
iouiq=k µ iou dk iq=k
egkohj µ egku gS tks ohj
pØikf.k µ pØ gS ikf.k esa ftlosQ
2- (d) fueZy] fu/Zu] /eZ] deZ
([k) izkÄx.k] LrEHk] vtUrk] jÄ~x
(x) lhf<+;k¡] xqiQk,¡] ewfrZ;k¡] eqnzk,¡
(?k) v'kkafr] y?kq] foèoal] laf{kIr
(Ä) fofLer] dykRedrk] mRÑ"Vrk] of.kZr
(p) izfr $ fnu
fo $ fHkUu
iqjk $ rRo
Lo $ :i
3- 'k µ fo'ks"k] f'kdkj] lans'k
"k µ fo"kerk] o"kZ] jk"VªowQV
l µ lalkj] ltkoV] lHkk
4- (d) bu xqiQkvksa dk uke vtark D;ksa iM+k\
([k) buesa vusd izdkj osQ iwQy] ifRr;ksa] o`{kksa] i'kq vkÑfr;ksa vkfn ls ltkoV dk dke
fd;k x;k gSA
(x) nksuksa osQ chp dkI+kQh fo"kerk,¡ Hkh gSaA
(?k) ;s vkil esa ,d&nwljs ls gqbZ gSaA
(Ä) gjh'k us pkpk th ls iwNk] ¶pkpk th buosQ ckjs esa irk oSQls pyk gksxk\¸
5- (d) Hkh ([k) rks@Hkh (x) gh
(?k) ek=k (Ä) rks@gh
6- fofHkUu eqnzk gydk jax
fo'kky izfrek iwtk d{k
ns'kh&fons'kh lSykuh xqIrdkyhu xqiQk,¡
Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjh tkrd dFkk,¡
7- (d) 'krkCnh ([k) izkÑfrd (x) cstksM+
(?k) ,sfrgkfld (Ä) fp=kdkj (p) uDdk'kh
vkb, ckrphr djsa
• cPps Lo;a djsaA
34
ikB ls vkxs
1- izkphu dky esa ekuoh; Je vfèkd yxrk Fkk tcfd vkèkqfud dky eas euq"; dh fnekxh
[kkst us vR;kèkqfud e'khusa rS;kj dj yh gSa ftleas dk;Z oqQN gh fnuksas eas laiUu gks tkrs gSaA
2- (d) (P) ([k) (×) (x) (P)
(?k) (P) (Ä) (×)
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vH;kl
dfork&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) ehBh ok.kh ls lHkh vksj lq[k dk okrkoj.k gksrk gSA
([k) ehBs opu ,sls ea=k gSa tks lcdks vius o'k esa dj ysrs gSaA
(x) gesa ,slh txg ugha tkuk pkfg, tgk¡ gesa ns[kdj dksbZ [kq'k u gks] u gekjk
vknj&lEeku gksA
(?k) unh osQ fdukjs mxus okyh ?kkl de”kksj gksrh gSA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) foifRr osQ lkFkh gSaµfon~;k] foosd] fou;] lkgl] vPNs deZ vkSj lR;rkA
([k) o'khdj.k dk ea=k ehBs opu gSa tks pkjksa rjI+kQ osQ okrkoj.k dks lq[kh cuk nsrs gSaA
(x) bl lalkj esa Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr osQ yksx jgrs gSaA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) tgk¡ Lo.kZ cjlrk gks ysfdu vknj&lEeku ugha feyrk gks ogk¡ ugha tkuk pkfg,A tgk¡
vkiosQ izfr izse Hkko u gks ogk¡ ugha tkuk pkfg,A
35
([k) e/qj opu dks o'khdj.k ea=k blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd lc blls vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa vkSj
dBksj opuksa dk R;kx dj nsrs gSaA
(x) gesa n;k dh Hkkouk ugha NksM+uh pkfg,A n;k gesa ln~cqn~f/ nsrh gS] deZ osQ ekxZ ij
pyus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) vutkuk ([k) gkFkksa gkFk (x) izfrekl (?k) ;FkklaHko
(Ä) ;Fkk'kfDr (p) vktUe (N) cseryc (t) chpksa chp
2- /eZ µ deZ lq[k µ nq[k
vksj µ Nksj ewy µ 'kwy
lusg µ esag yksx µ Hkksx
ykt µ dkt jke µ uke
3- rs µ ls cpu µ opu
mitr µ mRiUu gksuk pgq¡ µ pkjksa vksj
lusg µ Lusg jk[kS µ j[kuk
4- (d) vkor fg; gjts ugha] uSuu ugha lusg
([k) rqylh r`.k tyowQy dkS fucZy fuiV fudkt
5- o~ $ b $ o~ $ , $ o~Q $ v
l~ $ vk $ g~ $ v $ l~ $ v
v $ Hk~ $ b $ e~ $ vk $ u~ $ v
t~ $ v $ y~ $ v $ o~Q $ Å $ y~ $ v
o~Q $ v $ B~ $ vks $ j~ $ v
o~Q $ va $ p~ $ v $ u~ $ v
6- (d) ehBk ([k) pedhyh (x) taxyh
(?k) vxyk (Ä) jksxh
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- rqylhnkl us Jhjke osQ HkDr cudj mudh vkjk/uk dh Fkh tcfd ehjkckbZ Ñ".k esa vius
ifr dk :i ns[krh FkhaA nksuksa gh Hkxoku osQ vuU; HkDr FksA nksuksa us gh vius vkjkè; osQ
izfr leiZ.k Hkko ls dkO; jpuk dh gSA
36
3- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
2- cPps Lo;a crk,¡A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- dchj µ dchjnkl dfo vkSj lar FksA bUgksaus bZ'oj dks fujkdkj ekuk gSA
rqylhnkl µ rqylhnkl jke osQ vuU; HkDr FksA bUgkasus jkepfjr ekul dh jpuk dh FkhA
lwjnkl µ lwjnkl JhÑ".k osQ vuU; HkDr FksA bUgksaus lwjlkxj] lwjlkjkoyh dh jpuk dh
FkhA
ehjkckbZ µ ehjkckbZ Ñ".k dh HkDr FkhaA ehjkckbZ xkf;dk] lar vkSj dof;=kh Hkh FkhaA
14- uhyoaQB
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) ysf[kdk us vius i<+us&fy[kus osQ dejs esa gh mudk fiatjk j[kok fy;k FkkA fiQj muosQ
fy, nks dVksfj;ksa esa lRrw dh xksfy;k¡ vkSj ikuh j[kkA
([k) uhyoaQB ns'kh&fons'kh vfrfFk;ksa dk Lokxr viuh u`R; eqnzk fn[kkdj djrk FkkA
(x) uhyoaQB osQ u feyus ij jk/k fu'ps"V&lh gks xbZ Fkh] og n~okj ij n`f"V yxk, jgrh
tcfd oqQCtk dksykgy osQ lkFk mldh [kkst djrh jgrh FkhA
(?k) uhyoaQB us [kjxks'k dks lk¡i osQ pqaxy ls cpk;kA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) ysf[kdk us eksj dh uhyh xjnu osQ dkj.k mls uhyoaQB uke fn;kA uhyoaQB dh Nk;k
osQ leku jgus osQ dkj.k eksjuh dks jkèkk uke fn;kA
([k) uhyoaQB [kjxks'k dks lk¡i osQ paqxy ls NqM+kus ls iwoZ nwj mQij >wys esa lks jgk FkkA lk¡i
us NksVs ls f'k'kq [kjxks'k dks viuk f'kdkj cuk;kA mldk vk/k fiNyk 'kjhj lk¡i osQ
eq¡g esa nck FkkA og /heh vkok”k ls pha&pha djus yxk rHkh ml ean Loj dh O;Fkk
uhyoaQB igpku x;k vkSj rqjar uhps vk x;kA mlus lk¡i dks iQu osQ ikl iatksa ls
37
nck;k vkSj fiQj pksap ls brus izgkj fd, fd og v/ejk gks x;kA idM+ <hyh gksus
ij [kjxks'k dk cPpk eq[k ls fudy vk;kA
(x) oqQC”kk ysf[kdk n~okjk [kjhnh xbZ rhljh eksjuh Fkh ftlosQ iSjksa dh m¡xfy;k¡ VwVdj
,df=kr gks xbZ Fkha vkSj Bhd ls [kM+h ugha gks ikrh FkhA ysf[kdk us mls lkr #i;s esa
[kjhnk Fkk vkSj eghus Hkj fpfdRlk djus osQ ckn og vPNh gks xbZ FkhA uhyoaQB vkSj
jk/k osQ chp dh nksLrh dks oqQC”kk lgu ugha dj ikrh Fkh blfy, jk/k dh dyxh
vkSj ia[k ukspdj uhyoaQB ls mls nwj dj nsrh FkhA
(?k) oqQC”kk tkyh dk njok”kk [kqyrs gh ckgj fudy vkrh Fkh vkSj uhyoaQB dh [kkst
djrh jgrh FkhA ,d fnu vke osQ isM+ ls mrjrs le; og dtyh (vYlsf'k;u oqQRrh)
osQ lkeus vk xbZA vius LoHkko osQ vuqlkj mlus dtyh ij pksap ls izgkj fd;kA
ifj.kker% dtyh osQ nks nk¡r mldh xjnu ij yx x, ftl dkj.k mldk thou
lekIr gks x;kA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) fp=kk ysf[kdk dh fcYyh FkhA tks ysf[kdk osQ dejs esa i{kh 'kkodksa dks ns[kdj /S;Z
[kks nsrh FkhA mls vfHkekuuh blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd og ysf[kdk ij viuk vf/dkj
vf/d le>rh FkhA mlosQ fy, i{kh 'kkodksa dk bl izdkj dejs esa jguk vlg~; gks
jgk FkkA
([k) uhyoaQB osQ flj ij m¡Qph] pedhyh] l?ku dyxh FkhA pksap cafde vkSj iSuh] vk¡[ksa
xksy uhykHkn~;qfr okyh] xzhok yach uhy&gfjr /wiNk¡gh rjax okyh] ia[kksa ij pafnzdkvksa
osQ banzèkuq"kh jax] iSj jax&jfgr ij rhoz xfr okys FksA ysf[kdk us bl izdkj 'kCnksa osQ
ekè;e ls uhyoaQB osQ :i dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
(x) uhyoaQB fpfM+;k?kj osQ tho&tarqvksa dh j[kokyh lsukifr vkSj laj{kd osQ :i esa djrk
FkkA
(?k) uhyoaQB oqQC”kk osQ dkj.k jk/k ls nwj gksrk tk jgk FkkA og Hkw[kk&I;klk vke dh
'kk[kkvksa esa cSBk jgrkA rhu&pkj eghus ckn mldk var gks x;kA
(Ä) (i) uke osQ -------- gqbZA
bl iafDr osQ vuqlkj ysf[kdk oqQC”kk dh lekurk Ñ".k ;qx dh oqQC”kk ls djrs
gq, crkrh gSa fd ftl izdkj oqQC”kk osQ eu esa n~os"k dh Hkkouk Fkh] mlh izdkj
bl oqQC”kk esa Hkh n~os"k dh Hkkouk rhoz FkhA blfy, ysf[kdk dgrh gSa fd oqQC”kk
vius uke osQ vuq:i gh FkhA
(ii) e;wj -------- ek=k ughaA
bl iafDr n~okjk ysf[kdk ;g crkuk pkgrh gS fd dkfrZosQ; dk okgu e;wj
gSA mls mUgksaus vius ;qn~/&okgu osQ fy, mldh ohjrk osQ dkj.k pqukA bldk
ifjp; mlus [kjxks'k osQ cPps dh j{kk djosQ fn;kA ogha nwljh vksj og dyk
fiz; gSA o"kkZdky esa og viuh lqanj u`R;&Hkafxekvksa dk ifjp; cknyksa osQ xtZu
38
osQ lkFk nsrk gSA ysf[kdk dk ekuuk gS fd uhyoaQB osQoy fgald gh ugha Fkk
cfYd NksVs i'kq&if{k;ksa dk lja{kd Hkh FkkA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) lRrw dh xksfy;k¡
([k) dykfiz;
(x) fcYyh
3- (d) (P) ([k) (×) (x) (×)
(?k) (P) (Ä) (P)
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- thou&ej.k] ekrk&firk] ysu&nsu] [kVj&iVj] Å¡p&uhp] mrkj&p<+ko] Ñ".k&dUgS;k] lp&>wB]
lq[k&nq[kA
2- (d) iz'uokpd ([k) fo/kuokpd (x) foLe;kfncks/d
(?k) lansgokpd (Ä) fu"ks/okpd
3- (d) eSa ykSV jgh Fkh fd fpfM+;ksa vkSj [kjxks'kksa dh nqdku dk è;ku vk x;kA
([k) buesa eksj dh dksbZ [kkfl;r Hkh gS fd rw bruh cM+h dher ek¡xus pykA
(x) nksuksa iatksa dh m¡xfy;k¡ Bhd ugha FkhaA
(?k) jkr dks os jn~nh dkx”kksa dh Vksdjh esa vk cSBrsA
4- (d) ckfj'k rs”k gks jgh Fkh blfy, eSa ?kj ls ugha fudyhA
([k) rqeus jes'k dks crk fn;k ojuk og ijs'kku gksrkA
(x) dHkh oqQjlh ij vkSj dHkh flj ij vpkud vkfoHkwZr gksus yxsA
(?k) ek¡ us [kkuk cuk;k ysfdu fdlh us [kk;k ughaA
(Ä) fdlh us lp dgk gS fd lnk lp dh jkg ij pyksA
5- uhykHk µ uhy $ vkHkk flagklu µ flag $ vklu
ijksidkj µ ij $ midkj uokxarqd µ uo $ vkxarqd
vkuanksRlo µ vkuan $ mRlo foLe;kfoHkwr µ foLe; $ vfHkHkwr
eaMykdkj µ eaMy $ vkdkj es?kkPNUu µ es?k $ vkPNUu
6- (d) uhyh vkHkk ;qDr
([k) iwQyk u lekuk
(x) liwr] ljks"k] ltho] lg"kZ
(?k) vuqdj.kh;] j{kd
39
7- vkt m¡Qph&m¡Qph (d) (i) bekjrksa dh can f[kM+fd;ksa vkSj jks'kunkuksa us balku dks ([k)
(ii) oSQnh cuk fn;k gSA mls (x) (iii) vkdk'k osQ mM+rs iaNh can 'kh'kksa ls fn[kkbZ rks iM+rs
gSa ysfdu mudh pgpgkgV muosQ ia[kksa dh (?k) (i) iQM+iQM+kgV u rks lqukbZ nsrh gS vkSj
u if{k;ksa dks muosQ (Ä) (ii) u”knhd vkus nsrh gSA
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
cqn~f/foykl
dej] ped] jeu] xeyk] pje] uje] ned] xeu] xje] dey] de] ne] tx] uke] eu
vH;kl
dfork&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) iRuh us ykyk >kmQyky osQ vkxs <kbZ lkS #i;s dh ek¡x j[khA
([k) ykyk >kmQyky iRuh n~okjk vius HkkbZ ls #i;s ek¡xus dh ckr dgus ij fryfeyk mBsA
(x) yksVs dh cs<axh lwjr o cukoV osQ dkj.k ykyk >kmQyky dks yksVk ilan ugha FkkA
(?k) ykyk >kmQyky osQ gkFk ls yksVk fxjdj uhps ,d nqdku ij [kM+s vaxzs”k dks fHkxksrs
gq, mlosQ iSjksa dks ”k[eh dj x;kA
40
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) ia- fcyoklh feJ us vaxzs”k dks oqQlhZ ij fcBk;k D;ksafd mlosQ iSj ij yksVk fxjus ls
pksV yx xbZ FkhA
([k) ikuh ihus osQ laca/ esa cq”kqxks± us dbZ fu;e cuk, gSaA tSlsµ[kM+s&[kM+s ikuh ugha ihuk
pkfg,] lksrs gq, ;k ysVdj ikuh ugha ihuk pkfg,] nkSM+us osQ rqjar ckn ikuh ugha ihuk
pkfg,A
(x) fcyoklh th us vaxzs”k ls ekeys dks iqfyl esa fjiksVZ djus dh lykg blfy, nh rkfd
vaxzs”k mUgsa viuk fo'oklik=k le>s vkSj mudh vkxs dh ;qfDr liQy gks losQA
(?k) vaxzs”k dks iqjkuh vkSj ,sfrgkfld ph”kksa osQ laxzg dk 'kkSd FkkA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) fcyoklh th us vaxzs”k dks yksVs dh dgkuh crkbZ fd lksygoha 'krkCnh dh ckr gSA
ckn'kkg gqek;w¡ 'ksj'kkg ls gkjdj Hkkxk Fkk vkSj fla/ osQ jsfxLrku esa ekjk&ekjk fiQj
jgk FkkA ,d volj ij I;kl ls mldh tku fudy jgh FkhA ml le; ,d czkg~e.k
us blh yksVs ls ikuh fiykdj mldh tku cpkbZ FkhA gqek;w¡ osQ ckn vdcj us ml
czkg~e.k dk irk yxkdj mlls bl yksVs dks ys fy;k vkSj blosQ cnys esa mls blh
izdkj osQ nl lksus osQ yksVs iznku fd,A ;g yksVk lezkV vdcj dks cgqr I;kjk FkkA
blh ls bldk uke vdcjh yksVk iM+kA lu lRrkou rd blosQ 'kkgh ?kjkus esa jgus
dk irk gSA dksydkrk osQ E;wf”k;e esa bldk IykLVj dk ekWMy j[kk gqvk gSA
([k) yksVs dh dher dk iSQlyk bl izdkj gqvk fd igys fcyoklh th us ipkl #i;s
dh is'kd'k dh rks vaxzs”k us lkS cksysA fiQj fcyoklh th us Ms<+ lkS #i;s dk izLrko
j[kkA bl ij vaxzs”k us nks lkS dgsA rc fcyoklh th us <kbZ lkS #i;s dgrs gq, ykyk
>kmQyky osQ vkxs <kbZ lkS osQ uksV isaQd fn,A ;g ns[kdj lkgc dks rko vk x;k vkSj
mUgksaus ik¡p lkS #i;s ns fn,A fcyoklh th us pqipki vius #i;s mBkdj j[k fy,
vkSj bl izdkj vaxzs”k us ik¡p lkS #i;s esa yksVk [kjhn fy;kA
(x) fcyoklh th vaxzs”k osQ lkeus ykyk >kmQyky dks blfy, ugha igpkus D;ksafd os
vaxzs”k dks og cs<axk yksVk cspuk pkgrs Fks blfy, igys mUgsa vaxzs”k dk fo'oklik=k
cuuk Fkk vkSj mls fn[kkuk Fkk fd >kmQyky ls os Hkh mrus gh ukjk”k gSaA
(?k) vaxzs”k yksVs dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe tkudj mlls izHkkfor gqvk FkkA nwljs muosQ iM+ksl
esa jgus okys es”kj Mxyl osQ ikl tgk¡xhjh vaMk ns[kdj og pkgrk Fkk fd mlosQ
ikl Hkh mruk gh iqjkuk oqQN gksA blfy, tc vaxzs”k dks vdcjh yksVs dh ckr irk
pyh rks og mlls izHkkfor gks x;kA
41
(Ä) (i) iz'u -------- FkkA
ykyk >kÅyky dh iRuh us tc mudks vius HkkbZ ls iSls ysus dk rkuk fn;k rc
mUgksaus vius ?kj dh lk[k cpkus osQ fy, muls dgk fd og iSlksa dk bar”kke
dj nsaxsA
(ii) #i;k -------- dj ysrk gSA
tc fcyoklh th us ykyk >kÅyky dks ik¡p lkS #i;s nsdj fxuus osQ fy, dgk
rc mUgsa vius gh #i;s fxuus esa lq[kn vkuan dk vuqHko gks jgk FkkA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) nqdkuksa ls feyus okyk fdjk;k
([k) <kbZ lkS
(x) gkL; dgkuh
3- (d) HkhM+ esa iz/ku ik=k ,d vaxzs”k FkkA
([k) vaxzs”k osQ iSj ij yksVk fxj x;k Fkk ftl dkj.k og ,d iSj ij ukp jgk FkkA
(x) fxjus osQ iwoZ yksVk ,d nqdku osQ lk;oku ls Vdjk;kA
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) (i) lkekU; fØ;k
(ii) la;qDr fØ;k
(iii) lkekU; fØ;k
(iv) la;qDr fØ;k
(v) la;qDr fØ;k
([k) fI+kQYekuk
'kekZuk
ytkuk
cfr;kuk
gfFk;kuk
xjekuk
2- fHk{kk eq[k diksr
Hkzkrk vaxq"B Lo.kZ
d.kZ deZ yksVk
nqdku funzk i`"B
3- tks:] Hkk;kZ] okek
Hkzkrk] lgksnj] rkr
42
ty] okfj] lfyy
jkr] jtuh] fu'kk
4- txr~ $ ukFk µ txUukFk le~ $ gkj µ lekgkj
mr~ $ ya?ku µ mYya?ku le~ $ iw.kZ µ laiw.kZ
lr~ $ pfj=k µ lPpfj=k fo $ Nsn µ foPNsn
5- (d) lafpr rqe ;g dk;Z vHkh ugha djksA
([k) D;k vkt o"kkZ gksxh\
(x) xka/hth dk uke lcus lquk gSA
(?k) D;k fouhr iqLrd i<+ pqdk\
(Ä) dfj'ek us viuk dke [kRe fd;kA
6- (d) 'kkck'kh nsuk ([k) ozQksf/r gks tkuk (x) Mjdj Hkkx tkuk
(?k) fujk'k gks tkuk (Ä) lqanj oLrq dks ns[krs jguk
7- rhu eaf”kyokyk µ freaf”kyk
tks f'kf{kr gks µ lk{kj
tks f'kf{kr u gks µ fuj{kj
Åij ls uhps rd µ lkaxksikax
lkr fnuksa dk lewg µ lIrkg
rhu jkgksa dk lewg µ frjkgk
eghus esa ,d ckj gksus okyk µ ekfld
o"kZ eas ,d ckj gksus okyk µ okf"kZd
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
43
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vifBr xn~;ka'k
(d) ,d lw=k eas c¡/us ls rkRi;Z ns'k osQ ukxfjd ^jk"Vªh;rk* osQ èkkxs esa ck¡èks gq, gSaA
([k) ns'k dh lsok dk Hkko gksrk gSA
(x) 26 tuojh vkSj 15 vxLr osQ fnu gj Hkkjroklh dk psgjk ned mBrk gSA muesa
mRlkg vkSj tks'k Hkj tkrk gSA
(?k) jk"Vªh;rk
(Ä) ân; osQ ^g* eas Í Loj dh ek=kk gSA
vH;kl
ikB&cks/
1- ekSf[kd
(d) LraHkdkj osQ cpiu esa u;k oSQysaMj vkus dk vFkZ ?kj esa ubZ LiwQfrZ Hkj tkuk gksrk FkkA
([k) oSQysaMj dk ykuk vkSj yxkuk eè;oxhZ; 'kkSd FkkA
(x) izkphu vkSj vk/qfud usrkvksa osQ chp varj gS fd izkphu usrk ns'k dk usrk gksrk Fkk
tks R;kx] riL;k vkSj cfynku dk izrhd Fkk tcfd vk/qfud usrk ikVhZ dk usrk gksrk
gS tks Ny] I+kQjsc vkSj tksM+&rksM+ esa fyIr gksrk gSA
(?k) vc oSQysaMj dykdkj lsB&lkgwdkjksa osQ ;gk¡ muosQ ?kjksa vkSj eafnjksa dh nhokjksa ij
mudh e”khZ osQ vuqlkj fp=k cukrk gSA
fyf[kr
y?kq mRrjh; iz'u
(d) vf/drj oSQysaMj nhokyh osQ ekSosQ ij ltkoV osQ fy, ?kjksa esa vkrs FksA
([k) igys jktuSfrd usrkvks]a nsoh&nsorkvksa vkSj /kfeZd iq#"kksa osQ dysMa jksa dh ck<+ jgrh FkhA
(x) lekt esa ns'kHkfDr dh ygj txkus esa jk"Vªh; usrkvksa osQ oSQysaMjksa dk gkFk FkkA
(?k) vc fdlh usrk dk oSQysaMj yxkus dk eryc ml ikVhZ dk gksuk gS vkSj ikVhZ osQ gksus
dk eryc ml ikVhZ dh xanxh dks <ksuk gSA
(Ä) oSQysaMjksa esa nks izfln~/ gfLr;ksa osQ chp lkE; fn[kk;k tkrk FkkA bl laca/ esa LraHkdkj
us vius cpiu osQ ,d oSQysaMj dk f”kozQ fd;k gS ftlesa xka/h vkSj Ñ".k dk
lkFk&lkFk fp=k fn[kk;k x;k Fkk vkSj mlosQ uhps dfork esa fo#nkoyh fy[kdj nksuksa
esa lkE; fn[kk;k x;k Fkkµog ek[ku pksj dgykrs Fks] ;g ued pksj dgykrs gSaA
44
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz'u
(d) Lok/hurk ls iwoZ usrkvksa osQ oSQysaMj lekt esa ns'kHkfDr dh ygj txkrs FksA ?kj&?kj
esa igq¡ps bu oSQysaMjksa osQ ckjs esa cPps loky iwNrs Fks vkSj vius dks Lok/hurk laxzke
osQ bfrgkl ls [kqn dks tqM+k eglwl djrs FksA cM+s gksdj Lo;a Hkh ns'k dh vk”kknh osQ
fy, yM+us dk LoIu ns[kk djrs FksA
([k) xka/h th dks ^ued pksj* dgus dk dkj.k xka/h th n~okjk ued dk dkuwu rksM+uk Fkk
tks mUgksaus vaxzs”kh gqowQer osQ f[kykI+kQ tkdj rksM+k FkkA xka/h th us lkcjerh vkJe
ls nkaMh rd 241 ehy rd dh ,sfrgkfld nkaMh ;k=kk dh vkSj vaxzs”kh ljdkj n~okjk
ued dj yxk, tkus dk fojks/ fd;kA
(x) vkt f[kykfM+;ksa] fI+kQYeh psgjksa osQ fp=k egkiq#"kksa osQ uke ij cuk, tkus yxs gSaA usrkvksa
vkSj nsoh&nsorkvksa osQ fp=kksa dh txg fI+kQYeh ghjks ;k [ksy txr osQ flrkjksa dh rLohjsa
cukbZ tkrh gSaA
(?k) egkRek xka/h] cky xaxk/j fryd] tokgjyky usg:] ljnkj iVsy] usrkth lqHkk"kpanz
ckslA
(Ä) oSQysaMj dykdkj us ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd lekt dh gkyr ,slh gks xbZ gS fd
dykdkj iQM+iQM+kuk Hkwy x;k gSA uSfrd :i ls fxjus osQ flok vc dksbZ pkjk ugha
cpk gSA
2- cgqfodYih; iz'u
(d) LraHkdkj ([k) nhokyh ij
Hkk"kk&cks/
1- (d) vf/d µ ifjek.kokpd
([k) vc µ dkyokpd
(x) cq>k&cq>k µ jhfrokpd
(?k) dkI+kQh nsj µ dkyokpd
(Ä) vanj&ckgj] b/j&m/jµ LFkkuokpd
2- (d) rkjh[k] fnu] nhokj] ns'k] /u] u;k] usrk
([k) iq#"k] cpiu] ck<+] Hkj] fe=k] ekSdk
(x) ;kn] y{eh] og] foosd
(?k) 'kjhj] 'kkSd] lar] ltkoV] LoLFk] geus] gjsd] gkFk
3- dkj µ LraHkdkj] eksVjdkj] >adkj] Lohdkj
vkoV µ ltkoV] cukoV] FkdkoV] #dkoV
bZ; µ jk"Vªh;] ukVdh;] Hkkjrh;] osaQnzh;
Ro µ O;fDrRo] y?kqRo] nsoRo] euq";Ro
bd µ ikSjkf.kd] izkjafHkd] lkalkfjd] uSfrd
45
rj µ vf/drj] y?kqrj] xq#rj] Js"Brj
iu µ cpiu] cM+Iiu] dkykiu] uhykiu
4- (d) ugha ([k) ugha] ugha (x) u] u
(?k) er (Ä) u (p) ugha
5- (d) vc nsoh&nsorkvksa] ikSjkf.kd pfj=kksa] egkiq#"kksa osQ oSQysaMj ugha fcdrsA
([k) ¶gk¡! esjs ?kj dh nhokjksa ij vHkh Hkh oSQysaMj gSaA¸ µ eSaus dgkA
(x) vPNk! bl ”kekus esa ,slk oSQls\
(?k) oqQN usrk gSa] ftUgsa dksbZ ugha Hkwy ldrkA
(Ä) okg! vki /U; gSaA
6- (d) pkSjkgk] n~foxq lekl
([k) uojk=k] n~foxq lekl
(x) vko';drkuqlkj µ vO;;hHkko lekl
(?k) dk;ZoqQ'ky] rRiq#"k lekl
7- (d) ;g ckfydk i<+us okyh gSA
([k) ysf[kdk dh fdrkc Ni jgh gSA
(x) vè;{kk n~okjk ns'k dk nkSjk fd;k x;kA
(?k) lEesyu esa cgqr lh fonq"kh mifLFkr FkhaA
8- (d) /kfeZd ([k) jktuSfrd (x) eè;eoxhZ; (?k) ikSjkf.kd
(Ä) izfr;ksfxrk (p) O;kolkf;d (N) uSfrd
vkb, ckrphr djsa
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ikB ls vkxs
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
ewY;ijd iz'u vkSj fopkj
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
1- cPps Lo;a djsaA
2- cPps Lo;a djsaA
46
cqn~f/foykl
• (d) lM+d ([k) iku (x) mins'k
vH;kl iz'u&i=k 1
(ikB 1 ls 8)
[kaM ^d*
1- (d) nwljksa dks [kqf'k;k¡ dbZ izdkj ls nh tk ldrh gSa&mudh Hkkoukvksa dk vknj djosQ]
lgkuqHkwfr izdV djosQ] lgk;rk djosQ vkSj muosQ lq[k&nq[k esa lgHkkxh cudjA
([k) ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k dk vFkZ gS& gj nq[k] d"V ;k ijs'kkuh esa Hkh dksbZ vPNkbZ <w¡<+
ldus dh {kerkA
(x) ldkjkRedrk [kq'k jgus dk ewyea=k gSA
(?k) ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k
2- blesa dfo Hkkjr dks ,d egku ns'k crkuk pkgrk gS tgk¡ osQ vkè;kfRed] izkÑfrd] lkaLÑfrd
fopkj mUur gSaA
3- dfo bl dfork esa izÑfr osQ vo;oksa dks mudk Lora=k vf/dkj nsus dh ckr dgrk gSA
4- (d) /wi] ikuh] [kkn ls isM+&ikS/s viuk Hkkstu cukrs gSaA
([k) le; jsr osQ leku gkFkksa ls fiQly tkrk gSA
(x) ^Lusg 'kiFk* dfork esa dfo us I;kj ls ckr djus ij cy fn;k gSA
(?k) ykyk yktirjk; ns'kokfl;ksa esa vlaxBu vkSj va/fo'okl dh Hkkoukvksa dks ns[krs gSaA
mUgsa ns'kokfl;ksa esa ns'kizse dh Hkkouk dk Hkh vHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ijarq os fiQj Hkh
mUgsa ugha NksM+ ikrs D;ksafd mUgsa Lo;a Hkkjrekrk ls I;kj gSA blh dkj.k os Hkkjr ls
tqM+h gj ph”k ls izse djrs gSaA
(Ä) tkulh dks ;g vglkl gks jgk Fkk fd csy dk vkf[kjh iRrk fxjus ij og Hkh ej
tk,xh ysfdu tc cI+kQhZys rwiQku esa vkf[kjh iRrk ugha fxjk rc mls viuh xyrh dk
,glkl gqvkA
(p) tc euq"; ,d ckj viuk iSj dhpM+ esa Mky nsrk gSA rc fiQj ;g ugha ns[krk fd
og dgk¡ vkSj oSQlh txg iSj j[krk gSA /hjs&/hjs cqjh ckrksa esa mldh ?k`.kk de gksrh
tkrh gS] muls fp<+ ugha gksxhA mls Hkys&cqjs dh igpku u jgsxh vkSj var esa og cqjkbZ
osQ HkDr cu tkrs gSaA
47
[kaM ^[k*
5- (d) vi;'k] mRFkku] udkjkRed] vLoLFk
([k) cspSu
vutku
ijthoh
nqx±/
(x) diM+k] xxu
nksLr] lw;Z
eè;] ân;
(?k) ftKklk] freaf”kyk
(Ä) jkT; dk iky
pk.kD; dh cqn~f/
vkdkj ;k izdkj
iFk dk Hkz"V
(p) nsounh] HkxhjFkh
fnol] okj
(N) laca/okpd loZuke
vfu'p;okpd loZuke
(t) oqQekxZ µ oqQ $ ekxZ
iz;Ru µ iz $ ;Ru
vuqla/ku µ vuq $ la/ku
lpsr µ l $ psr
(>) mTToy µ m $ t~ $ t~ $ o~ $ v $ y~ $ v
LoHkko µ l~ $ o~ $ v $ Hk~ $ vk $ o~ $ v
6- lwjt cknyksa osQ lkFk vk¡[k&fepkSyh [ksy jgk gSA
jktk osQ lkeus ea=kh us viuh ckr j[kh rks jktk dks yxk fd mlus NksVk eq¡g cM+h ckr dg
nhA
diM+s ns[kdj mlus nk¡rksa rys m¡xyh nok yhA
og viuk dke djosQ iYyk >kM+us yxkA
48
[kaM ^x*
7- cPps Lo;a djsaA
vFkok
cPps Lo;a djsaA
8- cPps Lo;a djsaA
9- ldkjkRed lksp j[kus ls dk;Z vklkuh ls iwjs gks tkrs gSaA O;fDr vius dks gydk eglwl
djrk gSA mlosQ vkl&ikl dk okrkoj.k lq[kn vkSj 'kkare; gks tkrk gSA
vH;kl iz'u&i=k 2
(ikB 9 ls 16)
[kaM ^d*
1- (d) ^eSa* laLej.k dh ysf[kdk egknsoh oekZ gSaA
([k) uhyoaQB dh eaMykdkj eqnzk mlosQ u`R; dk ifjpk;d FkhA
(x) mldh pky eas FkdkoV jk/k dks u ikus osQ dkj.k vkSj <yrh voLFkk osQ dkj.k FkhA
(?k) ysf[kdk dks vk'kk Fkh fd uhyoaQB] jk/k vkSj oqqQC”kk esa fiQj ls esy&tksy gks tk,xkA
2- (d) ekuo us panzyksd vkSj varfj{k eas izos'k fd;k gSA
([k) ekuo us HksnHkko vkSj ns'k osQ ca/uksa dks rksM+k gSA
(x) xzgksa&mixzgksa] varfj{k eas tkus dh ckr dks ysdj dfo us ekuo dks fnfXot;h crk;k
gSA
(?k) euq"; dh thrA
3- cPps Lo;a djsaA
4- (d) nknk th us lqu;uk dks dbZ ckrsa le>kb±A mUgksaus le>k;k fd gesa fdlh ls uI+kQjr
ugha djuh pkfg,A mUgksaus ckgjh lqanjrk dks oqQN le; jgus okyk rFkk eu dh lqanjrk
dks lnSo gjk&Hkjk jgus okyk crk;kA nknk th osQ vuqlkj ;fn ge ckgjh fn[kkos dks
ns[ksaxs rks vkarfjd lqanjrk dks dHkh ns[k ugha ik,¡xsA gesa dHkh fdlh tho ls ?k`.kk ugha
djuh pkfg,A tM+&psru] i'kq&i{kh ;k isM+&ikS/s ;k balku lHkh ls izse djuk pfg,A
([k) dgksM+ us crk;k fd Hkxoku o#.k us mUgsa dgk gS fd os iq=k osQ lkFk lHkaxk unh esa
Luku djs] rks og lqanj 'kjhj èkkj.k dj ysxkA
(x) vtark dh xqiQkvksa esa cqn~/ dh ewfrZ;k¡] tkrd dFkk,¡] iwQy&ifRr;k¡] o`{kkas] i'kq
vkÑfr;ksa vkfn dks fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA
49
(?k) e/qj opu dks o'khdj.k ea=k blfy, dgk gS D;ksafd lc blls vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa vkSj
dBksj opuksa dk R;kx dj nsrs gSaA
(Ä) ykykth osQ gkFk ls yksVk fxjdj uhps ,d nqdku ij [kM+s vaxzs”k dks fHkxksrs gq, mlosQ
iSjksa dks ”k[eh dj x;kA
(p) yksVs dh dher dk iSQlyk bl izdkj gqvk fd igys fcyoklh th us ipkl #i;s
dh is'kd'k dh rks vaxzs”k us lkS cksysA fiQj fcyoklh th us Ms<+ lkS #i;s dk izLrko
j[kkA bl ij vaxzs”k us nks lkS dgsA rc fcyoklh th us <kbZ lkS #i;s dgrs gq, ykyk
>kmQyky osQ vkxs <kbZ lkS osQ uksV isaQd fn,A ;g ns[kdj lkgc dks rko vk x;k vkSj
mUgksaus ik¡p lkS #i;s ns fn,A fcyoklh th us pqipki vius #i;s mBkdj j[k fy,
vkSj bl izdkj vaxzs”k us ik¡p lkS #i;s esa yksVk [kjhn fy;kA
(N) foifRr osQ lkFkh gSaµ fon~;k] foosd] fou;] lkgl] vPNs deZ] lR;rk vkSj jke dk
HkjkslkA
[kaM ^[k*
5- (d) foykse 'kCn µ ln~xfr] ckgjh] psru] efyu
([k) nokb;k¡] rlohjsa] cxhps] fdrkcsa
(x) ysf[kdk] fonq"kh] ckfydk] vè;{kk
(?k) "kksM'k dyk,¡ gSa] "kksM'k Üka`xkj gSa] "kksM'k laLdkj gSaA
(Ä) lr~ gS tks tu]
uhyk gS tks xxu
iq#"kksa esa mRre
(p) eaMy $ vkdkj
uo $ vkxarqd
ij $ midkj
flag $ vklu
(N) d.kZ eq[k Lo.kZ funzk
[kaM ^x*
5- cPps Lo;a djsaA
6- cPps Lo;a djsaA
7- cPps Lo;a djsaA
50