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    0.1 The Socrates-Question A

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    0.1 The Socrates-Question A

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    0.1 the Socrates-Question A

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    81 views17 pages

    0.1 The Socrates-Question A

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    Socrates’ Question

    Socrates’ Question
    By: Bernard Williams
    How should One live?
    It is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.
    3 Things that could direct Ones’ life

    • Understanding the general and abstract


    • Understanding the rationally reflective
    • Be concerned with what can be known
    The aims of moral philosophy are bound up
    with the fate of Socrates’ question.
    Moral Philosophy
    Moral Philosophy is the rational study
    of the meaning and justification of
    moral claims. A moral claim evaluates
    the rightness or wrongness of an action
    or a person’s character.
    Moral Philosophy

    Reflectively questions common


    sense and our moral or ethical concerns.
    ~ How Should One Live? ~
    characteristics

    • Neutral but does not take nothing for granted


    -“what is our duty?“, “how may we be good?", "how can we
    be happy”
    • “One” → Impersonal
    • General and reflective
    • About the manner of life
    • LUCK-FREE
    • Non-committal
    To answer Socrates’ question:

    • Some philosophers:
    ➢Reflective questioning without the weight of philosophical study
    but what makes an inquiry a philosophical one is reflective
    generality and a style of argument that is rationally persuasive
    • To use moral philosophy
    ➢ To know what would have to go in answering Socrates’ question
    ➢ Ask what is involved
    To answer Socrates’ question:

    • Moral considerations
    >“What should I do in an ethical / self-invested way? “
    >“What shall I do, all things considered?”

    • Ethical considerations
    ➢Notion of obligation:
    - promise, duties, one’s social situation
    - To act morally is to act autonomously, not as a result of social
    pressure
    To answer Socrates’ question:

    • Utilitarianism
    ➢Looks forward to the outcomes of the acts open to me
    ➢“It will be for the best”
    ➢Usefulness of its consequences
    To answer Socrates’ question:

    • Virtue
    ➢Disposition of character to choose or reject actions because
    they are of a certain ethically relevant kind
    ➢More than skills
    ➢Involves characteristic patterns of desire and motivations
    ➢Socrates :
    > “People are worse without virtues”
    > “There’s only one virtue: power of judgements ” - good under all circumstances
    To answer Socrates’ question:
    • Non-ethical considerations
    > Egoism
    - All about the comfort, excitement, other advantages of the
    agent
    - Self-interested sense

    However…

    > Ethical egoism


    - A reflective position and takes a general view about people’s
    interest
    - Learns the role of ethical considerations
    “We use a variety of different ethical
    considerations, which are genuinely different
    from one another, and this is what one would
    expect to find, if only because we are heirs
    to a long and complex ethical tradition, with
    many different religious and other social
    strands.”
    –Bernard Williams
    We’re not an heir of a single tradition. Each
    of us is composed of different knowledge
    systems and manner of upbringing. That’s why,
    William believes that there is no specific
    answers to Socrates’ question because these
    various answers can’t be reduced into a simple
    ethical concepts.
    ~ “The unexamined life is not worth living.”~
    -Socrates

    There are different ways on how to live our life


    but in order for you to established a well-founded
    manner of living,
    According to Socrates, you have to examine your
    life in order to live it in the best possible way.

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