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    CSC301 - CHAPTER 4-2 - Sub Procedures - Functions

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    Masturina balqis
    The document discusses sub procedures and function procedures in Visual Basic. It explains that procedures allow breaking programs into manageable parts and describes how to code sub procedures using Sub and End Sub statements. It also covers how to pass arguments to procedures by value and reference and how to write function procedures that return values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CSC301 - CHAPTER 4-2 - Sub Procedures - Functions

    Uploaded by

    Masturina balqis
    22 views25 pages
    The document discusses sub procedures and function procedures in Visual Basic. It explains that procedures allow breaking programs into manageable parts and describes how to code sub procedures using Sub and End Sub statements. It also covers how to pass arguments to procedures by value and reference and how to write function procedures that return values.

    Original Title

    CSC301_CHAPTER 4-2_Sub Procedures _ Functions

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    The document discusses sub procedures and function procedures in Visual Basic. It explains that procedures allow breaking programs into manageable parts and describes how to code sub procedures using Sub and End Sub statements. It also covers how to pass arguments to procedures by value and reference and how to write function procedures that return values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views25 pages

    CSC301 - CHAPTER 4-2 - Sub Procedures - Functions

    Uploaded by

    Masturina balqis
    The document discusses sub procedures and function procedures in Visual Basic. It explains that procedures allow breaking programs into manageable parts and describes how to code sub procedures using Sub and End Sub statements. It also covers how to pass arguments to procedures by value and reference and how to write function procedures that return values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 25

    Write reusable code in sub procedures

    CHAPTER 4: and function procedures

    SUB PROCEDURES Call the procedures from other


    AND locations
    FUNCTIONS
    PROCEDURES

    ¡ When a program is broken into manageable parts, each part is called a


    procedure
    ¡ A procedure is a named set of code that performs a given task
    ¡ Visual Basic provides two types of procedures: Sub procedures and
    Function procedures
    CODE A SUB PROCEDURE (1 OF 3)

    ¡ A Sub procedure is a procedure that completes its task but does


    not return any data to the calling procedure
    ¡ A Sub procedure is the series of Visual Basic statements enclosed by
    the Sub and End Sub statements
    ¡ A Sub procedure is called with a statement consisting of the
    procedure name and a set of parentheses in the form of a procedure
    call
    CODE A SUB
    PROCEDURE
    (2 OF 3)
    CODE A SUB
    PROCEDURE
    (3 OF 3)
    PASS ARGUMENTS
    (1 OF 2)
    procedure call arguments
    ¡ When a procedure is
    called, however, the call
    statement can pass an
    argument to the called
    procedure
    PASS ARGUMENTS (2 OF 2)
    ¡ When an argument is passed ByVal, it means the
    Sub procedure has access to the value of the
    passed argument, but does not actually reference
    the variable declared in the calling procedure
    PASS
    ¡ The value is copied into a variable whose name is
    ARGUMENTS specified in the Sub procedure declaration
    BY VALUE statement.
    (BYVAL) (1 OF The value 5 is copied into
    the variable intNumber
    3)
    PASS ARGUMENTS BY VALUE (BYVAL) (2 OF 3)
    PASS ARGUMENTS BY
    VALUE (BYVAL) (3 OF 3)
    ¡ The Sub procedure
    DisplayMessage is called once
    and the Square Sub procedure
    is called three times
    ¡ Either literals or variables can
    be passed to a Sub procedure
    ¡ Passing a value by reference allows code in
    the Sub procedure to modify the contents of
    the variable that is being passed because
    when you use ByRef, you are passing a
    reference to the variable that holds the value
    PASS instead of the value itself, as when you use
    ARGUMENTS BY ByVal.
    ¡ If a Sub procedure changes the value of a
    REFERENCE variable passed ByRef, the original variable in
    (BYREF) (1 OF 2) the calling procedure is changed
    ¡ You should select the option to pass a
    variable by reference if you intend to change
    the original value when it is passed to the
    Sub procedure
    PASS ARGUMENTS BY REFERENCE (BYREF) (2 OF 2)
    PASS MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS (1 OF 2)

    If you have more than


    one argument, the
    You can pass as many
    variables are passed in
    arguments as needed to a
    the same order in which
    Sub procedure
    they appear in the
    procedure call statement
    PASS MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS (2 OF 2)
    The value of 10 is copied into
    intNum1. The value of 5 is copied
    into intNum2.
    FUNCTION
    PROCEDURES
    (1 OF 4)
    ¡ A Function procedure is
    similar to a Sub procedure
    except that a Function
    procedure returns a single
    value to the calling
    procedure
    ¡ The Function procedure is different in
    appearance from a Sub procedure in the
    following ways:
    FUNCTION ¡ The Function procedure call has a receiving
    variable that is assigned the returned value
    PROCEDURES from the Function procedure
    (2 OF 4) ¡ The data type of the return value is listed in
    the procedure declaration
    ¡ The keyword Return is used in the Function
    procedure to return a single value
    ¡ Calling Function

    FUNCTION
    PROCEDURES
    (3 OF 4)

    ¡ Called Function
    ¡ When writing a Function procedure,
    do not place any lines of its code after
    the Return statement because control
    FUNCTION returns to the calling procedure when
    PROCEDURES (4 the Return statement is executed
    OF 4)
    ¡ It is best to use a Function procedure
    when you plan to return a value from
    a called procedure
    EXCEPTION HANDLING (1 OF 6)

    ¡ A structured mechanism for handling errors in Visual Basic programs.


    ¡ Exception handling begins with the Try keyword, followed by one or more catch blocks, followed
    by End Try.
    ¡ Some types of errors are preventable by the programmer, such as dividing by zero. Other errors
    may be caused by user input, which is beyond the control of the programmer.
    ¡ When a program throws an exception, it generates a runtime error.
    ¡ You can write exception handlers that catch exceptions and find ways for the program to recover.
    ¡ Exception handlers can handle multiple types of exceptions by specifically identifying different
    types of exceptions with different catch blocks.
    EXCEPTION HANDLING (2 OF 6)
    THE TRY-CATCH SET OF STATEMENTS DETECTS EXCEPTIONS AND TAKES CORRECTIVE ACTION
    EXCEPTION HANDLING (3 OF 6)
    Exception Type Condition when Code Example
    Exception Occurs

    ArgumentNullException A variable that has no value Dim strTerm As String


    is passed to a procedure 1stDisplay.Items.Add(strTerm)

    DivideByZeroException A value is divided by zero intResult = intNum / 0


    FormatException A variable is converted to another type that is strTerm = “Code”
    not possible intValue = Convert.ToInt32(strTerm)

    NullReferenceException A procedure is called when Dim strTerm As String


    the result is not possible intValue = strTerm.Length

    OverflowException A value exceeds its assigned Dim intCost As Integer


    data type intCost = 58 ˆ 4000000000

    SystemException Generic Catches all other exceptions

    EXCEPTION HANDLING (4 OF 6)
    EXCEPTION HANDLING (5 OF 6)
    EXCEPTION
    HANDLING (6
    OF 6)
    END OF SUBTOPIC …
    SUB PROCEDURES AND
    FUNCTIONS

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