UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA Y

ELECTRICA

Nombre: Eduardo Iturriaga Espinoza

Matricula: 1916147
Carrera: IAS
Activity 1 “What do you know about United Kingdom?

1. Fill in the spaces in the brain storming with the information that you and your partner
discussed.

2. Write a short report in English about the ideas that you put in the brain storming. Follow a
sequence to inform someone about the UK.

In this report we saw that the union of England can be made up of different regions as well as
different countries and it can also be reached from northern Europe as well as from the oceanic
Atlantic and it is also the 22nd country with the most population in the world and it has with
243,613 square km. The sports that are played the most in the United Kingdom are mainly soccer
and then rugby, cricket and finally polo. Queen Elizabeth reigned until 2015 of her long career, Big
Bennis is the bell of the clock. And you could also say that I travel a lot and they did it in England
and also that its history of England is very extensive because it can give you different things and
places until we can see a very beautiful landscape
Activity 2 “Summarizing information about the Celts”

1. Write on the line if the sentences are TRUE or FALSE

1. The Celts existed in Britain around 1,000 years beforeChrist. ____F____

2. The world “Celts” means “Farmers”. ____T____

3. Bronze age is directly related to the Celts. ____T____

4. The Celts were excellent warriors. ____T____

5. The Celts practiced human sacrifices. ____F____

2. Complete the next table with information related to the concepts given about the Celts. Follow
the example.

Concept Description

Origin of the Celts. The Celts came originally from central Europe
and settled in Britain, France and Spain
Celts in battle Julius Caesar, the great roman emperor
expressed himself about the Celts with this
phrase: "Most of the inland inhabitants of
Britain do not sow corn, but live on milk and
flesh, and are clad with skins. All the Britons
indeed, dye themselves with woad, which
occasions a bluish color, and thereby have a
more terrible appearance in fight. They wear
their hair long and have every part of their
body shaved except their head and upper lip”.
Roman and Greek writers described Celts as
fierce and warlike people. They were originally
ruled by kings, but by the time Julius Caesar
came to Britain, around 55 BCE, they had
broken up into many tribes, each with a
different leader. Both men and women could
hold positions of power
Physical Description They wear their hair long and have every part
of their body shaved except their head and
upper lip.
Druids In the Celtic culture, the Druids were an
important part in their society; they were
members of the learned class among the
ancient Celts. They seem to have frequented
oak forests and acted as priests, teachers, and
judges. Julius Caesar accounted that the
 Druids took charge of public and private
sacrifices. They judged all public and private
fights or problems and decreed penalties. If
anyone disobeyed their decree, the person
was barred from sacrifice, which was
considered the gravest of punishments. The
Druids also offered human sacrifices for those
who were gravely sick or in danger of death in
battle. Huge wickerwork images were filled
with living men and then burned; although the
Druids preferred to sacrifice criminals, they
would choose innocent victims if necessary.
Agriculture The Celts were farmers and introduced the
iron plough to Britain. The ploughs that were
used earlier, were not very sophisticated,
basically a stick with a pointed end harnessed
behind two oxen. They were suitable only for
ploughing the light upland soils. The heavier
iron ploughs developed by the Celts
constituted an agricultural revolution all by
themselves, for they made it possible for the
first time to harvest on the rich valley and
lowland soils
Celtic Symbols One of the most distinctive Celtic designs,
from the Christian period, is the Celtic cross
which is still used for graves and memorials. It
has a circle added to the four bars of cross and
is often elaborately carved. This cross has been
adapted as a representative symbol by some
people who are from Ireland, country that
belongs to the United Kingdom. Another Celtic
symbol was the Nara Not, the term Dara
comes from the word “doire”, which is Celtic
for “oak tree“. Oaks were the most blessed of
trees to the Celts, the design of the knot
symbol is based on the root system of the oak
tree.
Activity 3 “Writing about the Roman invasion to Britain.”

I. Reread the information about The Roman Britain and answer the questions.

1. Why did the Romans decide to invade the Celtic territory?

In 55 B.C. Julius Caesar, who was a general of the Roman armies in Gaul, decided that it would be a
good move to invade Britain (Ross, 2018). This was not possible because the inhabitants of Britain
were the Celts and they were excellent warriors. As it was said before, when Romans invaded
Britannia (the way they called it in Latin) the tribes of Britain had already established a culture. In
43 CE, Claudius became Emperor of Rome and he decided to revive the dream of expanding the
Empire to the British Isles, to do so, he needed 40,000 soldiers. Britain became part of the Roman
Empire and was systematically conquered for nearly half a century. The province had valuable
natural resources to despoil (steal), but the decision to invade was based upon more than its
material wealth. Prestige through warfare was paramount in Roman society, and that is just what
Claudius sought to achieve when he launched his invasion of the island.

2. Which were the three-different kind of towns that the Roman established in Britain?

These were the coloniae, towns pled by Roman settlers, and the municipia, large cities in which the
whole population was given Roman citizenship. The third kind, the civitas, included the old Celtic
tribal capitals, through which the Romans administered the Celtic population in the countryside.

3. Who was the Roman emperor that conquered Britain?

Julius Caesar

4. Which were the remarkable influences of Romans in Britain?

During the period of their rule, Romans founded Many towns in Britain and others grew
considerably in size. The most important were Colchester (Camulodunum), Lincoln (Lindum), St
Albans (Verulanium) and London (Londinium). Colchester which was the original capital of the
Roman province was destroyed during Boudicca’s revolt.

5. Why did the Romans leave Britain?

In the fourth century CE, the Roman Empire itself suffered attacks from tribes who came from
central and Eastern Europe. Britain started being attacked from the west and north by Scottish and
Irish tribes and from the east by Germanic tribes such as the Angles and Saxons. Roman soldiers in
Britain needed to go away to defend Rome and eventually, in 410 CE, the Emperor Honorius made
a difficult decision, he declared that Britain must defend itself. With the Romans gone, the
Germanic tribes could take control of most of England’s territory.
Activity 4 “Writing about the Vikings”

I. Reread the information about The Vikings and complete the next concepts in the boxes.
Activity 5 “Reviewing information about ancient civilizations in the United Kingdom”

I. Complete the chart with information about the ancient civilizations that existed in the UK.
Reread the information presented before if necessary.

Civilization Age Remarcable facts(3) Importants Organization How did they

characters disappeared?
Celts 500 - The Celts lived in -Druids During the Because the
BCE huts of arched timber time when romans
with walls of wicker the Celts invation
and roofs of thatch. occupied
- The huts were Britain, there
generally gathered in was a huge
loose hamlets growth in the
- Some of them were number or
small just for an “hillforts”;
individual family but these were
together made small ditch
and bank
combinations
encircling
defensible
Romans 55 BC - It is believed that the Julious They founded a war by
Romans brought the Caesar some towns odoacro
skills of reading and
writing to Britain.
-The written word was
important for
spreading ideas and
for establishing power
-even though the most
remarkable
characteristi c of
Roman Britain was the
towns, which were the
basis of Roman
administrati on and
civilization.
Vikings 740 CE - Many Vikings traded Eric the red They The weahter
with Europe, Russia introduces
and Asia, exchanging large boats
furs, walrus ivory, with a length
amber and slaves for of
silver, gold and luxury approximately
goods including wine, 15 meters
fine textiles, pottery
and glassware.
 - Restricted by a lack
of natural resources
and land some Vikings
migrated overseas to
places such as Britain
- were a group of
people coming from
Scandinavia an
countries
Anglo-saxons 410 CE - their social structure; Ambrosius Seven Vikings
it consisted of tribal Aurelianus kingdoms incursions
units led by chieftains commanded
("kings," or "lords") by christains
who tried to earn their
respect from their
warriors (thanes).
- display the heroic
ideal and be known for
an extraordina ry and
courageous feat or for
success in war, all
preceded by some
bragging.
ACTIVITY 6 “YOU CAN BECOME A TOURIST GUIDE”

I. Describe the next British landsmarks by writing a sentence about them made up only SIX
WORDS.
Example.
Buckingham Palace.
“House of the United Kingdom’s Queen”.
a) Big Ben: A clock with a gothic construction.
b) Stonehenge: A circle with four circles around.
c) Hadrian’s wall: Delimits the Roman Kingdom of Hadrian.
d) Palace of Westminster: It has more of 1100 bedrooms.
e) London Eye: The most attractive place in London.

II. Define five landsmarks that are important in your country and write a sentence about each
one by using only SIX WORDS as you did it in the last activity. Take 15-20 minutes to do
this task.
Angel de la independencia: This is a big golden monument
Monumento de la revolución: It has four giant stone arches
Castillo de Chapultepec: It is located on top of a hill.
Palacio de bellas artes: Contains the exposed Mexican art.
Pirámide del Sol: Considered the largest stone building in Teotihuacán.
ACTIVITY 7 “FOODS IN YOUR COUNTRY”

I. Fill in the charts with information about typical food in your country.

Mexican dish Origins Ingredients Description

Mole It is believed that the • Chilies Mole is a thick and rich sauce
foundation of mole comes • Spices made from a blend of chilies,
from the culinary traditions of • Chocolate
indigenous cultures in Mexico, • Nuts
spices, chocolate, and other
such as the Aztecs and • Seeds ingredients.
Zapotecs. These cultures had a • Herbs
custom of preparing sauces • Tomatoes
and stews using chilies and • Onions
other ingredients to • Garlic
accompany their foods. • Broth

Tamales Tamales have their • Masa (corn dough) Tamales are a traditional dish
origins in ancient • Corn husks (for wrapping) made of masa (a dough made
• Meat (such as pork,
Mesoamerica, where chicken, beef, or seafood) from corn) that's filled with
indigenous civilizations • Beans (often refried beans) various ingredients, wrapped
like the Aztecs and • Chilies (for flavor and spice) in corn husks, and then
Mayans relied heavily on • Cheese steamed or boiled
• Vegetables (like potatoes,
maize (corn) as a staple carrots, or peas)
food. Tamales were a • Lard or oil
practical and portable • Spices (such as cumin,
way to consume maize, paprika, or oregano)
• Broth or stock
as well as other • Onions
ingredients like beans, • Garlic
meats, and chilies. • Salt
• Salsa or sauce (for serving)

Menudo Menudo's origins trace • Tripe (cow's stomach) El plato "menudo" tiene su
back to Mexico, where it • Hominy (dried corn kernels origen en México y es una
treated with an alkali
has been a part of solution) sopa tradicional mexicana
Mexican cuisine for • Broth or stock (often made hecha de callos (estómago de
centuries. The dish from beef or pork) vaca) y maíz molido (granos
• Onions
reflects the fusion of de maíz secos tratados con
• Garlic
indigenous ingredients • Dried chili peppers (such as una solución alcalina).
and Spanish influences. ancho or guajillo)
Menudo was likely • Oregano
developed as a way to • Salt
• Lime wedges (for serving)
utilize various parts of • Fresh cilantro (for garnish)
the animal, making the • Crushed red pepper flakes
most out of available (for additional heat, if
resources. desired)

Enchiladas Enchiladas are a dish • Corn tortillas (or flour Enchiladas are a versatile and
originating from Mexico tortillas in some delicious dish consisting of
with pre-Hispanic roots. variants) filled tortillas rolled up and
The word "enchilada" • Filling (can be beef, bathed in a chili sauce. The
comes from the verb chicken, cheese, filling can be of various types,
"enchilar," which means beans, vegetables, ranging from beef, chicken, or
etc.)
 to season or flavor with • Chili sauce (red, pork to vegetarian options
chilies. The ancient green, or other like beans, cheese, or
inhabitants of Mexico varieties) vegetables.
already used corn • Cheese (such as
tortillas filled with queso fresco or
various ingredients and shredded cheese)
bathed in chili sauces. • Onion and cilantro (for
garnish

Tacos Tacos have their origins • Tortillas (corn or flour) Tacos are a beloved and
in Mexico and are deeply • Filling (such as beef, iconic Mexican dish consisting
rooted in the country's chicken, pork, fish, of a folded or rolled tortilla
history and culinary shrimp, or vegetables) filled with a variety of
traditions. The word • Toppings (like onions, ingredients. The tortilla serves
"taco" is believed to cilantro, lettuce, as a vessel to hold the
have come from the tomatoes, cheese, and flavorful filling, which can
Nahuatl language, sour cream) range from grilled or stewed
spoken by the • Salsas (ranging from meats to seafood or
indigenous Aztecs, and mild to spicy, such as vegetarian options. Tacos are
referred to a rolled or pico de gallo, salsa highly customizable, allowing
verde, or salsa roja)
folded tortilla. individuals to choose their
Indigenous peoples in preferred fillings and
Mexico were already toppings.
using tortillas as a vessel
to hold various fillings
long before the arrival of
the Spanish.
 British Dish Ingredients Description
Shepherd´s Pie • minced beef This classic 100% English dish is
• onion based on a stir-fry of minced lamb
• carrots meat seasoned with different types
• mushrooms of vegetables -onions, carrots,
• carrots mushrooms...- covered by a thick
• mushrooms layer of mashed potato -fresh, of
• mushrooms course-. Both parts are cooked
separately and then presented in a
dish where they are baked au gratin
in the oven.
Fish and chips • Medium potato This battered and fried fish and chips
dish, tremendously popular in the
• Skinless white fish fillet United Kingdom, is a delicacy that
(cod, hake or similar) we recommend you try at some
point in your life.
• Wheat flour

• Chemical yeast 3
teaspoons
• Cold beer

• Salt
• Ground black pepper
• Vegetable oil for frying
• Frozen peas (for mushy
peas)

• Butter (for the mushy

peas)

• Fresh mint leaves (for the

mushy peas)

• Lemon (for the mushy

peas)

Bubble and squaek • Boiled potato The British are a peculiar people.
• Cooked broccoli They drive on the left, measure in
• Cooked carrot miles, ounces, pints and feet and
• Extra virgin olive oil give their recipes curious names like
• Salt bubble and squeak, bangers and
• Ground black pepper mash or Eton mess. They have their
reasons, at least in the case of
bubble and squeak, the British
vegetarian recipe that today stars in
this space.
Cornish pasties • 500 gr flour This kind of pie filled with meat and
• 120 gr vegetable vegetables is a British recipe known
shortening worldwide as Classic Cornish Pasty, a
• 1 tablespoon of salt pie that was invented in Cornwall, in
• 25 gr margarine or butter the south-east of England.
• 175 ml cold water
 • 1 egg beaten with a little
salt (for the glaze)
• 350 gr veal, steak or beef
stew
• 350 gr potatoes
• 200 gr turnip
• 175 gr onion
• Salt and freshly ground
pepper
Wellington beef • 800 grams of beef sirloin Sirloin Wellington is a classic dish of
or beef tenderloin English cuisine, highly appreciated
• 2 tbsp. approx. of Dijon and valued in menus for special
mustard with white wine occasions. It is traditionally made
• 1 tsp freshly ground black with beef tenderloin, although there
pepper is also a version with pork tenderloin
• 1/2 teaspoon salt and it is even made with fish.
• 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil
• 1 sheet of puff pastry
• 1 egg.
ACTIVITY 8 “IMPORTANT CELEBRATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM”
Holiday: April fool’s day

DATE DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES

April 1th On this day, people make jokes Prank everyone
to someone else they want to,
the kind of jokes that they made
usually involve people
persuading other people to do
something silly

Holiday: Bonfire Night

DATE DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES

November 5th the anniversary of the discovery Burn a Guy Fawkes doll
of a plot organized by Catholic
conspirators to blow up the
Houses of Parliament in London
in 1605.

Holiday: St. Patrick’s Day

DATE DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES

March 17th St. Patrick´s Day is held I honor big celebration.
of the patron Saint of Ireland.
The work of St. Patrick (c.389-
c.461) was vital for the
spreading of Christianity in
Ireland.

Holiday: Harvest Festival

 DATE DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES
September or October Harvest Festival is one of the Custom of decorating churches
oldest festivals in the United with home-grown products.
Kingdom.

Holiday: Trooping the Colors

DATE DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES

June 13th Trooping the Color The celebration consists of a
has a long and rich history. Flags military parade and a march. It
or colors were used as a method lasts about an hour and it
of identification happens on June 13th.
for different regiments of the
British army, as they made it
easy for soldiers to
recognize their units even in the
chaos of a battlefield. Of course,
the soldiers would
have to learn which colors
belonged to their regiment,
ACTIVITY 9 “SUMMARIZING THE KIND OF GOVERNMENT”

I. Re-read the information above and then complete the information about
governmentsystem in the United Kingdom.

1. Government
United Kingdom’s government is a parliamentary democracy
Kind of Government: with a constitutional

Characteristics: In the British Monarchy, the king or queen is the head of state, and a

Prime minister is the head of government. a king or queen reigns with some limits to their
power.government. a king or queen reigns with some limits to their power.

Participants: The UK has a Queen, (the Queen Elizabeth II).

2. Prime Minister

Name: :Is head of the UK government.

Functions: Responsibles for all policies and decisions.overseThey e the operation of the Civil and they are the
principal government figure in the House of Commons.
How is he/she elected: There is a general election after every five years. Is appoints as
prime minister a the person who commands most of support .

3. Current Monarch

Name: : Is currently Queen Elizabeth II

Functions: Issuing and withdrawing passports and declaring war against an external enemy.

How is he/she elected: The title to the crown derives partly from statute and partly from common law
rules of descent.
Age: 96 eges.
She has been the queen for 60 years .
Years reigning:
 4. Parliament
Location:
United Kingdom
Description of House of Lords:
Does laws, scrutinize the actions of the government,and provide a forum of
independent expertise.
op
Description of House of Commons: The House of Commons consists of 646
elected MPs.

Of the 646 seats, 529 represent constituencies in England, 40 in

Wales, 59 in Scotland,and 18 in Northern Ireland and they are
elected by universal suffrage.
ACTIVITY 10 “ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE THE QUEEN”

1. What is the main topic of the movie?

Princes Diana’s death and how the royal family deals with their lost.

2. Describe the historical context shown in the movie.

The first morning of September in the year 1997 England receives the tragic news,
princess Diana died in a car a accident.

3. Write 3 facts mentioned in the movie.

-Princess Diana died on September 1st in 1997.
-Showing feeling in public is not well seeing in their culture and traditions.
-The entire country cried the dead of their beloved princess.

4. How did the movie help helped you to understand better the historical event
presented in it?
It shows the emotions that the family and England in general felt about the tragic
event and how it impact their lives.
Activity 11 " Discussing facts about education in your
country"

1. Your first day at elementary school.

R- We would say it was new and sort of scary, but when you get used to the
environment, you really enjoy learning about the first subjects you see in elementary.
You meet new people and learn from them and obviously you experience new things
and learn new things.

2. The quality of your elemental education.

R- The quality of this stage of education we'd say that it was solid, as in the schools
covered all the areas of knowledge and would teach us about certain rules/lessons in
life that we could come across, and also learn the fundamentals in school.

3- The higher education facilities in your country.

R- These facilities have the most sophisticated and most advanced equipment for
their students, so they can provide the best experience as they also learn how to do
certain activities of certain subjects/topics.

4- The preparation of teachers in your school.

R- My career is in FIME, and from my experience and perspective, a lot of

teachers/engineers are well prepared and they know how to explain topics and also
the practice in laboratories to implement the knowledge of the subject and get used
to practice with machinery, but also there are a lot of staff/teachers that really dont
care or don't take responsibility of the class and they don't teach the subject
correctly. It really depends and there is a lot of variety.

5- All children attend school in Mexico.

R- There are plenty of children that do go to school and get their education either in
private school or public school and all get the same education and make the best of
it, but also there is a really high percentage of children that don't get the opportunity
to get that so-called education.

6- Higher education is expensive in Mexico.

R- Yes, this is a proven fact, but at the same time I understand why is more
expensive to get a higher/sophisticated education, a lot of people get to learn a 2nd
language at the age of 4+ years old, then again it was more expensive to get that
education, so I do understand why higher education is more expensive in Mexico.

7- Educative system in Mexico needs improvement.

R- I do believe it needs a lot of improvement, and the difference is in the private

schools and public schools, at least at a college level and from my experience, I´ve
seen that private colleges, at least almost all of them, get a more sophisticated and
more specific/dedicated education. Public schools just get the basic knowledge
about their careers when private schools get a certain "advantage", also depends on
the student. If the student really wants to learn and tries everything to get knowledge,
that student can get even better knowledge than students in private schools.

Activity 12 " Reviewing information about education in the

UK"
I. Write five questions that can be answered with the information
given about higher education in the United Kingdom. Include the
answers. You may use the next structure in your questions. Wh-
word + do/does/did +person + verb + complement
or
Wh-word + is /are /was /were + person + complement.

1. How are the schools funded by government?

- They are free for all pupils or independent schools, with
charge fees to the parents of the pupils

2. Which type or school can choose the parents?

- They can choose to educate their children at state or private
schools.

3. How many types of state schools are in the UK?

- There are four main types of state schools.

4. Which are the activities of the central education authorities?

- They promote, manage and supervise works for improving the
development of the curricula and national exams.
 5. Who is the responsible for the local and regional education
management?
- The Local Education Authorities (LEA).

Activity 13 “Universities in English speaking countries”

1. Fill the information about this prestigious universities, and another
University in you UK, and 2 of USA

Location Year of Founder Motto Famous

Foundatio Graduated
n Students

Oxford Oxford, Around Unknown. “Dominus Stephen

United the illuminati mea” Hawking,
Kingdom XII(date ( The Lord is J.R.R Tolkien,
unknown) my light). Oscar Wilde,
. Emma
Watson.

Cambridge Cambridge, 1209 Academics : "Hinc lucem Sir Isaac

United from Oxford et pocula Newton,
Kingdom University. sacra" (From Charles
here the light Darwin,
and the Alan Turing,
sacred Stephen Fry
chalices).

Harvard Cambridge, 1636 Massachus Mark

Massachusett etts "Veritas" Zuckerberg,
s, United General Barack
States of Court (True) Obama, Bill
America Gates, Natalie
Portman
University London, 1826 Thomas Christopher
College England Campbell, “Venite Nolan
London Henry omnes, qui
Brougham merito
merentur,
maximum
praemium”

(Come all
those who by
merit deserve
the greatest
reward)

University of Chicago, Ill. 1890 John D. Roger Ebert

Chicago Rockefeller “Augmentum
cognitionis et
progressionis
vitae”

(The increase
of knowledge
and the
development
of life)

University of Philadelphia, 1740 Benjamin Elon musk

pennsylvania Pennsylvania Franklin “Lex sine
moribus vana
est”

(Law without
morals is vain)

Activity 14 “Research about Academic Exchange Programs in

your school”
I. Research about two Exchange programs (undergraduate level and
master degree) that
your school (FIME) has with different education institutions to study
abroad. Include the next information: requirements, cost, scholarships,
facilities, benefits.

Exchange Academic Program 1

Level:Undergraduate University: Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea Country: Spain
Requirements: Must be a student in good standing at a CONAHEC
member institution.

Costs: Around $670 Monthly

Economic Support (Scholarship): Global Training 2023
This scholarship gives 1.635 €/monthly and it lasts at least 6 months.

Facilities:
- There is a library
- Dental clinic
- Transport
- Psychological attention
- Physical activity and sport

Benefits:

Exchange Academic Program 2

Level: University: Country:
Requirements:
Costs:
Economic Support (Scholarship):

II. Write a brief essay about the advantages and disadvantages to study
abroad. (1 page)

Studying abroad is not always an easy decision. We want to live new

experiences and learn another language, but many fears and
uncertainties always will appear. At the moment, more and more
professionals are deciding on study and work programs in another
country. Most perceive this as a chance to boost their career or just for
travel around the world.
However, depending on your goals, there may be some disadvantages…
but also many advantages and benefits in this decision.

One of the most difficult parts can be the adaptation. When you decide to
study abroad, you don't just have to mold yourself to your new university.
But also, to a different culture, a new city and a new residence. In addition
to missing our old habits, the food or your family and friends.

And we are not done yet, studying abroad carries a series of significant
expenses. From paying tuition; going through travel costs, new residence
and so on.

Now that we know some of the possible disadvantages of studying

abroad, it’s time to mention some advantages and benefits of it. Besides
traveling and learning a new language, there is the possibility of obtaining
the residence of the country where you decide to travel. Many of the
countries, like Canada, with programs for foreign students value that they
stay in the territory after their education. This can help you improve your
professional profile. Which means better job opportunities, it may be your
chance to start earning in dollars or euros.

Regardless of how good or bad this experience is, the real deal is that it
will be unforgettable and worth the risk.
Activity 15 “Mexican Inventions”
I.- Choose from the inventions given the six things that were invented by a Mexican.”
Color TV
Rocket belt
Instant book marker
Mouse pad
Translucid concrete
Contraceptive pill

II.- After discovering the six Mexican inventions, write the person who invented them.
These are the inventors: Guillermo González Camarena, Juan Manuel Lozano,
Víctor Celorio, Armando Fernández, Joel Sosa and Luis Miramontes.

Name Thing
Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena Colored TV
Juan Manuel Lozano Rocket belt
Victor Celoris Instant book marker
Armando Fernandez Mouse pad
Joel Sosa Translucid concrete
Luis Miramantes Contraceptive pill

Activity 16 “Gadgets that make our life easier.”

Write as much as you know about them and their benefits.
Telephone
This device helped the entire world, this
is because it was a unique invention
because it provided communication
over long distances. Helped normal
civilians, the military, and the
government, as well of some industries.
Electronic motor
Electric motors in the past they were
used to machinery like pulley systems,
in the line of productions of certain
materials. Nowadays they are used with
electric cars. They have been in the
industry for a long time.

Penicillin
Penicillin is a medicine that kills harmful
bacteria, helping people recover from
serious infections and saving many
lives. I knew it was invented in London.
It changed the world because as the
time passed, it went really cheap in the
stores.

Internet
The internet revolutionized the world by
connecting people, sharing information
instantly, enabling global
communication, transforming
industries. Basically it changed the
entire world.

Electricity
This one also changed the world, when
government provided electricity to the
community, electric devices started to
appear in the houses, it was a
modernization and improvement in our
lifestyle. When electricity appeared in
our houses, inventions started to
develop.
Capacitor
Capacitors aren’t an invention. I know
they are useful in the industry; they help
to suppress peaks of high voltage (with
this big capability capacitors in
industries they can help their electrical
motor to do a soft start). In some more
common use, they help to “clean” the
voltage on a circuit.
Activity 17 “Engineering design for the future”
I. Watch the video about Engineering in the future in the next link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlnlkMbukmA. Answer the following questions:}
1) Write a summary of the video ( 1 page)
The Hyperloop is a conceptual high-speed transportation system that was first
proposed by Elon Musk in 2013. The basic idea behind the Hyperloop is to create a
low-pressure tube or tunnel in which specially designed pods can travel at extremely
high speeds, using a combination of magnetic levitation (maglev) and vacuum or
low-pressure environments to reduce air resistance and friction.
How does it works?
1. Low-Pressure Tube: The Hyperloop system consists of a long tube or tunnel
that is maintained at a very low pressure or near-vacuum conditions. By
reducing the air pressure inside the tube, the system minimizes air resistance,
allowing the pods to travel at high speeds with less energy consumption.
2. Magnetic Levitation (Maglev): The pods are levitated using magnetic
levitation technology, which eliminates the need for wheels or tracks. Magnets
on the pods interact with magnets on the tube's inner surface, allowing for
smooth and frictionless movement.
3. Propulsion: The pods can be propelled using various methods, including
linear induction motors. These motors create electromagnetic fields that push
or pull the pods along the tube. This eliminates the need for traditional engines
and reduces friction.
Now, let's discuss the potential benefits of the Hyperloop for cities:
1. Energy Efficiency: The use of magnetic levitation and low-pressure
environments contributes to the system's energy efficiency compared to other
modes of transportation. This could lead to lower energy consumption and
reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Environmental Impact: With the potential for reduced energy consumption
and emissions, the Hyperloop could have a positive impact on the
environment, especially if powered by renewable energy sources.
3. Improved Connectivity: Hyperloop networks could connect cities that are
currently not well-connected by existing transportation systems, making it
easier for people to travel between regions.
4.
2) Describe the innovation shown in the video. (1 page)
The Hyperloop is a proposed high-speed transportation system that was initially
conceptualized by Elon Musk in 2013. While it has not been fully realized and
implemented on a large scale as of my last knowledge update in September 2021, I
can explain the basic principles behind the Hyperloop and its potential benefits to
cities.
How the Hyperloop Works: The Hyperloop concept envisions a system of low-
pressure tubes in which specially designed capsules, or pods, travel at high speeds.
These pods would be propelled through the vacuum-like environment inside the
tubes, greatly reducing air resistance and allowing for speeds that are much higher
than traditional modes of transportation.
The innovation of the Hyperloop concept lies in several key areas:
1. Speed: The Hyperloop aims to achieve speeds of up to 760 mph (1223 km/h),
which would significantly reduce travel times for medium to long distances.
This is made possible by the near-vacuum environment inside the tubes,
which minimizes air resistance.
2. Low Pressure Environment: The tubes in which the pods travel are
maintained at a low pressure, similar to the conditions at high altitudes. This
reduces air resistance, allowing the pods to reach higher speeds with less
energy consumption.
3. Magnetic Levitation and Propulsion: The pods are designed to levitate and
move using magnetic levitation (maglev) technology. This eliminates the need
for traditional wheels or tracks, reducing friction and enabling smoother, faster
travel.
4. Linear Induction Motors: The Hyperloop pods would be propelled using
linear induction motors placed along the tube's length. These motors generate
electromagnetic fields that push or pull the pods, propelling them forward
without the need for onboard engines.
5. Pod Design and Aerodynamics: The pod design is focused on reducing
aerodynamic drag, allowing the pods to travel efficiently at high speeds. This
includes features like streamlined shapes and air compressors to manage the
buildup of air pressure in front of the pod.
6. Renewable Energy Integration: The Hyperloop concept often includes the
idea of powering the system using renewable energy sources such as solar
panels installed on the tube's surface. This would help minimize the
environmental impact and reduce operational costs.
3) How was the engineering applied in the design and implementation of the
construction presented? (1 page)
1. Tube Design and Materials: The engineering of Hyperloop tubes is crucial
to ensure a low-pressure environment that minimizes air resistance.
Engineers would need to select materials that are both strong and lightweight,
capable of withstanding the external atmospheric pressure while maintaining
the vacuum inside the tubes. The design would also consider factors like
structural integrity, thermal expansion, and the prevention of leaks.
2. Pod Aerodynamics: The design of the Hyperloop pods would be focused on
achieving maximum aerodynamic efficiency. Engineers would employ
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and wind tunnel testing to
optimize the pod's shape, minimizing drag and air resistance.
3. Propulsion and Levitation: The propulsion and levitation systems would be
critical components of the Hyperloop design. Magnetic levitation (maglev) or
other advanced propulsion technologies would be used to accelerate and
decelerate the pods. Engineers would need to ensure precise control of the
forces involved to achieve smooth acceleration, maintain high speeds, and
ensure passenger comfort.
4. Vacuum System: Creating and maintaining a near-vacuum environment
within the tubes presents engineering challenges. Engineers would design
and implement robust vacuum pump systems to continuously remove air from
the tubes and maintain the desired low-pressure conditions.
5. Safety Systems: Safety is of paramount importance in any transportation
system. Engineers would design fail-safe mechanisms to address potential
issues such as sudden braking, power failures, or emergency stops. They
would also develop protocols for evacuating passengers in case of
emergencies.
6. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: Hyperloop systems would need to be
designed with energy efficiency and sustainability in mind. This could involve
integrating regenerative braking systems, using renewable energy sources,
and optimizing the overall energy consumption of the system.
4) Write a conclusion about the activity (1/2 page)
As we can see, this "train" could be a great technological advance, since it has very
recent technology such as levitation, superconductors and vacuum sealing so that
the air is "thin" (easier to travel through). This project can help very populated cities
or also if you want to travel long distances in a short time. Supposedly it will be
cheap, so this is also a good thing. Another good thing is that it is friendly to the
environment, and thinking about the future, if many people prefer to use this method
of transport, you save the pollution of many vehicles plus traffic.
 ACTIVITY #18 "CELEBRATING MUSIC IN A COUNTRY”

I. Answer the next questions.

1. Have you ever been in a Music Festival / Concert / Musical?
R = Well, personally, I have only been to a few concerts, but I have a friend who has been to
several, mainly the concerts here in Monterrey, N.L.
2.- What singers or bands did you see in this festival?
R = Concerts by Bruno Mars, Rauw Alejandro, The Killers, etc.

3.- What is an important music festival celebrated in your city?

R = To mention a few, there are the festivals of: Pa'l Norte (that is perhaps the biggest),
Machaca Fest, Hellow Fest (is Monterrey's first and longest-running music festival), and the
concerts of the "Arena Monterrey", to say some.

4. What do you think is the purpose of organizing a festival of music?

R = The purpose is to be able to teach people what are the types of music that are most
related to the culture of that country and to be able to teach it to people who do not know it.

5. How accessible are festivals of music in your country?

R = Too accessible since anyone can go and no matter the age and some do not charge
and others do but it is the same as any festival you can go and they are located in Too
accessible since anyone can go and no matter the age and some do not charge and others
do but it is the same as any festival you can go and they are located in areas of high
knowledge.

6. Which one do you consider is the best Music Festival in the world?
R = I considering the best festival in the world to Tomorrowland and is in Belgium.
 ACTIVITY #19 "BEST SINGERS BY DECADE!”

I. Mention the music icons of each country in the next decades.

USA UK
The Beatles, Rolling Stones, The
60’s Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, The Doors
Who

70’s Kiss, Led Zeppelin, Aerosmith Queen, David Bowie, Elton John

Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, The Police, The Smiths, The Cure,
80’s Guns N' Roses, Metallica George Michael, Pet Shop Boys

Nirvana, Green day, Britney Spears,

90’s Tupac, Notorious B.I.G,
Radiohead, Oasis, Blur, The Verve

Eminem, Beyoncé, Coldplay, Kanye Arctic Monkeys, Adele, Muse,

2000’s West, 50 Cent Gorillaz, Keane

Kendrick Lamar, The Weekend, J. Ed Sheeran, Adele, Dua lipa, Sam

Nowadays Cole, Childish Gambino. Smith
 ACTIVITY #20 "THERE IS ALSO TALENT IN MY COUNTRY!”

I. Think about Mexican movies and popular actors and actresses and write a
list of the 5 most popular films in history with their main actors and a brief
description of them.
MOVIE ACTORS
Macario dies with a turkey
leg and hallucinates the
Macario Ignacio López Tarzo
devil, who gives him an
antidote for all diseases
A housekeeper works in a
Roma Yalitza Aparicio house on Roma street, with
a rich family
3 different plots and 3
Amores perros Gael García Bernal different problems, where
dogs got a symbolic place.
The protagonist arrives at
his hometown and see a
Damian Alcázar, Joaquín
El infierno place where the mafia is the
Cocio
only option to get out of
poverty
The plot is about how the
government discuss a big
La dictadura perfecta Damian Alcazar problem of corruption and
robberies with smoke
curtains

II. Write a description about the best movie filmed in your country in your
opinion and write you think it is the best. (1/2 page)

Amores perros has a lot of creativity to highlight the problems of low and high clases,
putting the dogs like a symbol, and which plot using it properly