Multiple Myeloma 2

MYELOMA
CANCER
By: Afifa and Aarifah
Topics that we will discuss
1 What is Myeloma 5 life expectancy
cancer?
2 Causes and how can 6 treatment
you reduce the risk?
3 Symptoms and 4 life experiences

Complications
Introduction
what is Myeloma?
What is myeloma cancer? AF
Myeloma cancer, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of
cancer that is developed mainly from plasma cells in the bone
marrow.
Plasma cells (immunoglobulins) are a type of white blood cell that

produces antibodies and helps fight infections in our bodies. In
Myeloma, these important antibody cells undergo mutations and
keep on multiplying uncontrollably, leading to the crowding out of
normal cells in the bone marrow.
As the myeloma cells overpopulate and take over the space within
the bone marrow, they can also impact different types of blood
cells located in the center of many bones, which are in most bones
and are responsible for producing blood cells.
AF Myeloma has 3 stages:
STAGE I: STAGE II: STAGE III:
In this stage, the levels of In this stage, the levels of M This stage indicates high-risk
monoclonal protein (M protein and other blood cells myeloma. The levels of M
protein) in the blood or urine are moderate. Bone protein and other blood cells
are relatively low, no or fractures can occur, are high. severe damage to
minimal signs of bone Hemoglobin levels may be bones, tumors are commonly
damage. Hemoglobin levels somewhat dropped. Calcium seen. Hemoglobin levels
near normal and calcium levels may be slightly higher. greatly reduced, and calcium
levels are within the normal Kidney function can vary, but levels higher. Kidney function
range. Kidney function is also it is generally not severely may also be damaged.
often unaffected. affected.
Causes of Myeloma
Potential Causes AS
Although the precise cause of multiple myeloma is still unknown, a number of variables can
raise one's risk of contracting the illness.
being older (most cases are diagnosed in people over 65)

male
exposed to radiation and certain chemicals, like benzene and pesticides
having a family history of multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders
having other conditions like monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) or
immune system disorders.
Although these variables could increase the likelihood, multiple myeloma development is
not assured by them.
How can you reduce your risk? AS
There are lifestyle changes and environmental factors to avoid in order to lower the
risk of multiple myeloma. Reducing the risk may be possible by eating a balanced
diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and exercising frequently to
maintain a healthy weight. Reducing exposure to radiation and specific chemicals,
such pesticides and benzene, can also lessen the chance of getting the illness.
Reducing alcohol intake and staying away from tobacco products also help lower
the incidence of multiple myeloma. These actions can greatly reduce the likelihood
of the disease developing, even though they might not completely prevent it.
what are the Symptoms and
Complications?
Symptoms AF
USUALLY DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF MYELOMA THERE MIGHT NOT BE ANY SYMPTOMS
BUT LATER ON TIME THEY CAN APPEAR SUCH AS:
Nausea,
Constipation
loss of appetite
bone fractures and pains especially in the upper body like chest or hips
weakness and tiredness
more proneness to infections
weight loss
kidney problems
anemia
mental fogginess or confusion.
Complications AF
Infections: Having multiple myeloma means it lowers the
1 body's immunity to fight off the infections.
Bone and kidney problems: Multiple Myeloma can cause bone

2 pains, weaker bones, and broken bones. It can also cause kidney
problems that can lead to kidney failure.
Low red blood cell count: As myeloma cells crowd out healthy
3 blood cells, multiple myeloma can also cause anemia and other
blood problems.
what are the life expectancy of
a person with Myeloma?
life expectancy AF
The life expectancy of people with myeloma depends on several factors, such as the stage
of Myeloma, treatment, specific genetic characteristics of the myeloma cells, and the
individual's overall health.
On average, about 85 people out of every 100 people with myeloma will survive for at
least one year or more after their diagnosis.
Aaround 55 out of every 100 people with myeloma will survive. This indicates that over
half of individuals with myeloma can reach the five-year milestone, showing an improved
long-term survival rate.
In the long term, about 30 people out of every 100 people diagnosed with myeloma will
survive for ten years or more. This means that people who survive over 10 years are likely
to live a decade or more despite their diagnosis.
Treatment with Myeloma
treatment options AS
There are many treatment options such as Chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
targeted therapy, stem cell transplantation,personalized therapy, and radiation
therapy are among the treatment options available to patients with multiple
myeloma. These methods are frequently combined to maximize effectiveness
and minimize side effects.
Doctors frequently perform imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans to
evaluate bone damage; blood tests to track levels of abnormal proteins; bone
marrow biopsies to determine the extent of plasma cell infiltration; and clinical
trials looking into novel therapies and treatment modalities.
how is it diagnosis? AS
Physicians and experts utilize diverse techniques to identify multiple myeloma.
These could include imaging tests like X-rays, CT, MRI, and PET scans to
identify tumours and bone damage; blood and urine tests are used to detect
abnormal proteins indicative of the disease; bone marrow biopsy to examine
plasma cells and assess their quantity and characteristics; and genetic tests
to analyze abnormalities in the DNA of myeloma cells. Physicians can confirm
the existence of multiple myeloma and assess the disease's severity and
extent with the aid of these diagnostic techniques.
life experiences of some with
Myeloma
LIFE EXPERIENCES AS
Tom Brokaw, the renowned American journalist and
television anchor, was diagnosed with multiple
myeloma at the age of 73. The disease,
characterized by cancerous plasma cells in the
bone marrow, has altered his life in profound ways.
Although his cancer is in remission, Brokaw
describes how his reality has shifted. He battles
constant fatigue and must manage complex
medication routines, including taking 24 pills a day.
These challenges often separate him from healthy
friends and family. Yet, despite the difficulties, he
maintains an optimistic outlook, sharing his journey
to inspire others. His story reflects the resilience Born: February 6, 1940 ( current age 84)
and adaptability required to live with this condition,
emphasizing that even in remission, cancer remains
a full-time battle.
THANK YOU
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MYELOMA

3 Symptoms and 4 life experiences

Plasma cells (immunoglobulins) are a type of white blood cell that

STAGE I: STAGE II: STAGE III:

being older (most cases are diagnosed in people over 65)

Bone and kidney problems: Multiple Myeloma can cause bone

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