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    Elemukil

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    sriramxerox54
    The document discusses polynomials including definitions, examples, types, standard form, zeros and the relationship between zeros and coefficients. A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving variables and constants using addition, subtraction and multiplication where the exponents are non-negative integers. Examples of different types of polynomials like monomials, binomials and trinomials are provided along with the standard form and how to find zeros of polynomials.

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    Elemukil

    Uploaded by

    sriramxerox54
    11 views11 pages
    The document discusses polynomials including definitions, examples, types, standard form, zeros and the relationship between zeros and coefficients. A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving variables and constants using addition, subtraction and multiplication where the exponents are non-negative integers. Examples of different types of polynomials like monomials, binomials and trinomials are provided along with the standard form and how to find zeros of polynomials.

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    The document discusses polynomials including definitions, examples, types, standard form, zeros and the relationship between zeros and coefficients. A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving variables and constants using addition, subtraction and multiplication where the exponents are non-negative integers. Examples of different types of polynomials like monomials, binomials and trinomials are provided along with the standard form and how to find zeros of polynomials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views11 pages

    Elemukil

    Uploaded by

    sriramxerox54
    The document discusses polynomials including definitions, examples, types, standard form, zeros and the relationship between zeros and coefficients. A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving variables and constants using addition, subtraction and multiplication where the exponents are non-negative integers. Examples of different types of polynomials like monomials, binomials and trinomials are provided along with the standard form and how to find zeros of polynomials.

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    Class : X-

    X-’A ’
    Roll no : ‘8’
    SYNOPSIS
    • WHAT IS POLYNOMIAL ?
    • POLYNOMIAL EXAMPLES
    • DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
    • TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS
    • STANDARD FORM OF POLYNOMIAL
    • ZEROS OF A POLYNOMIAL
    • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZEROES AND COEFFICIENT OF A POLYNOMIAL
    WHAT IS POLYNOMIAL ?
    • Polynomials are mathematical expressions made up of variables and constants by using
    arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. They represent the relationship
    between variables.
    • In polynomials, the exponents of each of the variables should be a whole number. The exponents
    of the variables in any polynomial have to be a non-negative
    non integer. A polynomial comprises
    constants and variables, but we cannot perform division operations by a variable in polynomials.
    Polynomial Examples
    Let us understand this by taking an example: 3x2 + 5. In the given polynomial, there are certain terms that
    we need to understand. Here, x is known as the variable. 3 which is multiplied to x2 has a special name.
    We denote it by the term "coefficient".
    ". 5 is known as the constant. The power of the variable x is 2.

    Below given are a few expressions that are not examples of a polynomial.

    Not a Polynomial Reason


    2x-2 Here, the exponent of variable 'x' is -2.

    This is not an example of a polynomial since division operations in


    1/(y + 2)
    a polynomial cannot be performed by a variable.

    √(2x) The exponent cannot be a fraction (here, 1/2) for a polynomial.


    DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
    “ The degree of a polynomial is the greatest power of a variable in the polynomial equation. To
    determine the degree of a polynomial function, only the terms with variables are considered to find out
    the degree of polynomial. The highest exponential power of the variable term in the polynomial
    indicates the degree of that polynomial.
    Look at the polynomial function given below, where the highest power of x is n. Hence, n is the degree
    of polynomial in this function.
    Polynomials Degree Examples
    ”
    Constant Polynomial 0 3
    Linear Polynomial 1 x+8
    Quadratic Polynomial 2 3x2 - 4x + 7
    Cubic Polynomial 3 2x3 + 3x2 + 4x + 6
    Quartic Polynomial 4 x4-16
    Quintic Polynomial 5 4x5+ 2x3 - 20
    Types of Polynomials
    • Polynomials can be categorized based on their degree and their power. Based on the numbers of terms, there ar
    three types of polynomials that are listed below: Monomials , Binomials , Trinomials
    • Monomial is a type of polynomial with a single term. For example, x, -5xy, and 6y2.
    • binomial is a type of polynomial that has two terms. For example, x + 5, y2 + 5, and 3x3 - 7. While a
    • Trinomial is a type of polynomial that has three terms. For example 3x3 + 8x - 5, x + y + z, and 3x + y – 5
    However, based on the degree of the polynomial, polynomials can be classified into 4 major types:
    • Zero Polynomial:: It a polynomial whose degree is equal to zero.
    • Constant polynomial:: It is a polynomial with just a constant and no variables. For example 3, 5, or 8, etc.
    • Linear polynomial:: It is a polynomial with degree 1. Example: x + y - 4.
    • Quadratic polynomial:: It is a polynomial with degree 2. Example: 2p2 - 7.
    • Cubic polynomial:: It is a polynomial with degree 3. Example: 6m3 - mn + n2 - 4.
    STANDARD FORM OF POLYNOMIAL
    The standard form of a polynomial refers to writing a polynomial in the descending power of the variable
    xample: Express the polynomial 5 + 2x + x2 in the standard form.
    form
    To express the above polynomial in standard form,
    form we will first check the degree of the polynomi

    Therefore, 5 + 2x + x2 in standard form can be written as x2 + 2x + 5.


    Always remember that in the standard form of a polynomial, the terms are written in decreasing order of
    the power of the variable, here, x.
    The standard form of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers, and
    ≠ 0..
    Zeros of a Polynomial
    *We say that x = a is the zero of the polynomial if P(x) = 0 at that point. The process of finding zero is basically
    the process of finding out the solutions of any polynomial equation.

    Example: Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 + 7x + 12.


    Solution:
    First, find the factor of x2 + 7x +12.
    x2 + 7x + 12 = x2 + (4 + 3)x + 12
    = x2 + 4x +3x + 12
    = x (x + 4) + 3 (x + 4)
    = (x + 3)(x + 4)
    So, f(x) = (x + 3)(x + 4)
    Zeros of polynomial f(x) are given by f(x) = 0.
    (x + 3)(x + 4) = 0
    x = −4 or x = −3
    Therefore, the zeros of f(x) are −4 and −3.
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZEROES AND
    COEFFICIENT OF A POLYNOMIAL.
    The relationship between zeroes and the
    coefficients of polynomials can be defined
    based on the definite formulas as per the
    ype of polynomial. The relation between
    he zeroes and the coefficients of a
    polynomial is given in right :
    near Polynomial
    linear polynomial is an expression of the form ax + b, having 1 as the degree of the polynomial. Here, “x” is a
    ariable, “a” and “b” are constants.
    he zero of the polynomial = -b/a = – constant term/coefficient of x.

    uadratic Polynomial
    he Quadratic polynomial is an expression of the form ax2 + bx + c having the highest degree 2. Here, “x” is a
    ariable, “a”, "b", and “c” are constants and a ≠ 0. Let α and β be the two zeroes of the polynomial, then
    he sum of zeroes, α + β is -b/a = – Coefficient of x/ Coefficient of x2
    he product of zeroes, αβ is c/a = Constant term / Coefficient of x2

    ubic Polynomial
    he cubic polynomial is an expression of the form ax3 + bx2 + cx + d having the highest degree 3. Here, “x” is a
    ariable, “a”, "b", and “c” are constants, and a ≠ 0. Let α, β, and γ are the three zeroes of the polynomial, then
    he sum of zeroes, α + β + γ is -b/a = – Coefficient of x2/ coefficient of x3
    he sum of the product of zeroes, αβ+ βγ + αγ is c/a = Coefficient of x/Coefficient of x3
    he product of zeroes, αβγ is -d/a = – Constant term/Coefficient of x3

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