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    Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Flexure

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    ce20b021
    The document details an experiment to study the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under flexure. It describes the test specimen, apparatus used, assumptions made, observations recorded through various tables and graphs, and conclusions drawn by comparing theoretical and experimental results.

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    Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Flexure

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    ce20b021
    9 views17 pages
    The document details an experiment to study the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under flexure. It describes the test specimen, apparatus used, assumptions made, observations recorded through various tables and graphs, and conclusions drawn by comparing theoretical and experimental results.

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    Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under flexure

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    The document details an experiment to study the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under flexure. It describes the test specimen, apparatus used, assumptions made, observations recorded through various tables and graphs, and conclusions drawn by comparing theoretical and experimental results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views17 pages

    Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Flexure

    Uploaded by

    ce20b021
    The document details an experiment to study the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under flexure. It describes the test specimen, apparatus used, assumptions made, observations recorded through various tables and graphs, and conclusions drawn by comparing theoretical and experimental results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 17

    Name: Ayush Kr.

    Gupta
    Roll no. : CE20B021
    Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under flexure

    Aim: To study the behaviour of a beam under flexure.

    Details of test specimen:

    Apparatus used:
    ● hydraulic pump
    ● dial gauges
    ● DEMEC gauge
    ● LVDTs
    ● Pellets
    NEAT SKETCH OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
    Background:

    Above figure shows 3 different types of sections which are under reinforced, balanced and
    over reinforced sections.
    UNDER REINFORCED SECTION:
    An under-reinforced beam section refers to a type of reinforced concrete beam section where the
    amount of steel reinforcement is insufficient compared to what is necessary for a balanced section.

    Under reinforced, steel reaches its yield point before concrete reaches.

    OVER REINFORCED SECTION:


    Over reinforced beam sections refer to reinforced concrete beam sections where the concrete
    reaches its failure strain earlier than the steel reaches its yield strain.

    BALANCED SECTION:
    In a balanced section, the stresses in the concrete and steel are ideally balanced, leading to both
    materials theoretically failing at the same time.
    ASSUMPTIONS IN FLEXURE THEORY:
    ● In a straight beam undergoing bending, the cross-section remains planar, resulting in tensile
    stress on one side, compressive stress on the other, and a neutral axis with zero stress.
    ● The tensile strength of concrete is neglected in flexural strength calculations.
    ● Concrete is assumed to fail when compressive strain reaches a limiting value.

    ● The cross-section of a straight beam remains plane when the beam deforms
    due to bending. This causes tensile stress on one portion of the
    cross-section and compressive stress on the other portion. In between
    these portions, there exists the neutral axis which is subjected to zero
    stress.
    ● The value of the young’s modulus is the same in both tension and
    compression zone, and the material of the beam is homogeneous and
    isotropic, which means that the beam can be modelled as a Bernoulli beam
    and that there are no local stress concentrations
    ● The tensile strength of concrete is neglected in flexural strength calculations
    ● Concrete is assumed to fail when the compressive strain reaches a limiting
    value.
    CRACKING MOMENT:

    SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR TWO POINT LOADS
    ACTING AT EQUIDISTANT FROM BOTH THE SUPPORTS:
    OBSERVATION:
    Table – 1: Readings from the DEMEC gauges at various locations –

    DEMEC READINGS (IN mm)


    LOADS (IN KG) 1 2 3 4 5
    0 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05
    250 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.05
    500 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06
    750 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.08
    1000 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.14 0.14
    1500 0.01 0.08 0.15 0.21 0.26
    2000 -0.01 0.07 0.18 0.27 0.34
    2500 -0.03 0.06 0.22 0.34 0.41
    3000 -0.06 0.06 0.25 0.39 0.51
    3500 -0.08 0.05 0.28 0.45 0.59
    4000 -0.11 0.04 0.3 0.52 0.68

    4500 -0.17 0.03 0.33 0.57 0.79

    Table 2 - Readings from Dial Gauges


    LOAD CELL LVDT 1 (IN MM) LVDT 2 (IN MM) LVDT 3 (IN MM)
    0 0.002 0.014 -0.001
    250 -0.186 0.21 -0.188
    500 -0.405 0.462 -0.409
    750 -0.677 0.766 -0.681
    1000 -1.18 1.334 -1.151
    1500 -2.294 2.556 -2.258
    2000 -3.214 3.599 -3.177
    2500 -4.253 4.763 -4.241
    3000 -5.343 5.98 -5.283
    3500 -6.345 7.122 -6.329
    4000 -7.54 8.5 -7.619
    4500 -9.561 11.398 -10.976

    Table 3 – Strain Values at different locations – Under reinforced Beam


    Strain (×10^(−6)) )
    Load (Kg)
    1 2 3 4 5
    0 0 0 0 0 0
    250 -50 -50 0 50 0
    500 -100 0 0 0 50
    750 -150 -100 100 100 150
    1000 -200 -50 200 300 450
    1500 -300 0 350 650 1050
    2000 -400 -50 500 950 1450
    2500 -500 -100 700 1300 1800
    3000 -650 -100 850 1550 2300
    3500 -750 -150 1000 1850 2700
    4000 -900 -200 1100 2200 3150
    4500 -1200 -250 1250 2450 3700
    Table 4 - Deflections at different locations – Under reinforced Beam

    Observed Deflection (mm) Theoretical Deflection (mm)


    Load (Kg)
    LVDT 1 LVDT 2 LVDT 3 LVDT 1 LVDT 2 LVDT 3

    0 0.002 0.014 -0.001 0 0 0

    250 -0.186 0.21 -0.188 0.3741914 0.43032 0.374191

    500 -0.405 0.462 -0.409 0.7483829 0.86064 0.748383

    750 -0.677 0.766 -0.681 1.1225743 1.29096 1.122574

    1000 -1.18 1.334 -1.151 1.4967657 1.721281 1.496766

    1500 -2.294 2.556 -2.258 2.2451486 2.581921 2.245149

    2000 -3.214 3.599 -3.177 2.9935314 3.442561 2.993531

    2500 -4.253 4.763 -4.241 3.7419143 4.303201 3.741914


    3000 -5.343 5.98 -5.283 4.4902971 5.163842 4.490297

    3500 -6.345 7.122 -6.329 5.23868 6.024482 5.23868

    4000 -7.54 8.5 -7.619 5.9870628 6.885122 5.987063

    4500 -9.561 11.398 -10.976 6.7354457 7.745763 6.735446


    TABLE 5 : LOAD VS CRACK WIDTH (IN DIVISIONS)

    LOAD (IN KG) DIVISIONS


    0 0
    250 0
    500 0
    750 0
    1000 2
    1500 3
    2000 3
    2500 4
    3000 6
    3500 6
    4000 7
    4500 8
    Sample calculation
    TABLE 6: depth of neutral axis, curvature and moment:

    Depth of NA
    Load (Kg) Moment (Nm) Curvature (Φ)
    (mm)
    0 0 0 100
    250 735.75 0.00025 100
    500 1471.5 0.00075 50
    750 2207.25 0.0015 150
    1000 2943 0.00325 66.66667
    1500 4414.5 0.00675 50
    2000 5886 0.00925 57.14286
    2500 7357.5 0.0115 62.5
    3000 8829 0.01475 59.09091
    3500 10300.5 0.01725 62.5
    4000 11772 0.02025 64.28571
    4500 13243.5 0.0245 63.15789
    SKETCH OF CRACK PATTERNS:
    CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION:

    THEORETICAL EXPERIMENTAL
    CRACKING LOAD 1286 KG 1000 KG
    ULTIMATE LOAD 4501.3 KG 4500 KG

    ● Theoretical cracking load is higher than experimental and theoretical


    ultimate load is almost equal to the experimental.
    ● Most of the major cracks are flexural cracks that run till the
    final level of the neutral axis.
    ● The little deviation in experimental values from the ideal behaviour is
    due to human error.
    ● Ductile failure is observed. In this type of failure, the steel
    yields before the concrete fails during compression. As the
    steel yields before the concrete fails, cracks begin to widen
    significantly, and deflection is obvious even to the unaided
    eye. In real-world buildings, this is the favoured technique
    since the warning is adequate before failure occurs.

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