REVIEWER FINALS FOR PURPOSIVE have to attract professionals’ attention.

Your final
COMMUNICATION goal is to get an interview.

A cover letter is extremely important as

your resumé or curriculum vitae (CV). When you are writing the application letter,
bear in mind to achieve the four important
The purpose of the cover letter is to
tasks:
persuade your reader to consider reading
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESUME
your resumé. This contains little
information of the job which you are  Catch the reader’s attention

applying, as well as your strongest purposively.

qualities and qualifications.  Tailor it to the company, to the

employer, and to the job.
Writing a Job Application Letter or a
Cover Letter  Persuade the reader that you are
a qualified applicant for the job
Preparing A resume’ or a CV and
 Request an interview (This includes
application letters or cover letters are
place and time you will be available and
essential parts of job hunting. A job the contact information such as phone
application letter or a cover letter is like numbers and email addresses.)
 Identify the job. Include any
a sales letter in which you sell your
information that is not included
knowledge and competence. It is the
in your CV or resumé.
most essential part of the application as
this is far more than just a note saying After writing the application letter,

‘Please find enclosed my CV’. Usually, use the checklist below to make sure

this is the part of your application that your letter has already met the
needed information.
really sells you to your potential
employer. Without a good cover letter,  The title of the job, source of
your information and the
your résumé is unlikely to be read. statement of your objective have
to be clear.
Remember that your application letter is your
 There should be a summary of
selling factor. Your main goal is to market
your qualification for the job.
yourself. Think about competition; your judges
are your readers. They are professionals who This includes work experience,
select and hire you. With hundreds or thousands educational background, and
of applicants, make sure that your application summary of relevant skills such
letter has to standout. Therefore, your as leadership skills, skills,
application letter and accompanying resume organizational skills, and
 intercultural communication person for the job. It also
skills.
 Indicate that you enclosed your emphasizes that you have the set
CV or resumé. of skills and experience that make
 Request for an interview. This
includes place and time you will you the ideal candidate for the
be available and the contact post.
information such as phone
numbers and email addresses. The Main Section
 Identify the job. Include any
information that is not included  The main section of your cover

in your CV or resumé. letter should show the summary

of your qualification, organized
Before submitting your application letter,
proofread it carefully. Free it from around the job description and
grammatical mistakes and organizational person specification. Describe in
inconsistencies. Check also for correct
this section what you have
punctuations, margins, spacing, and right
letter format. accomplished, your expertise, and
your special skills needed for the
job.
General guidelines for the overall structure of
 In this section, you also have to
your cover letter:
present how you performed your
 Format your cover letter for post,
mail or email. It should consist of duty and demonstrated the
one page only. requirement of your previous job.
 Include your complete address, Specific work of action and its
email address, phone numbers. effective results should also be
 Use the tile of the person when you indicated to show that you did it
address him/her in the letter. If you successfully. In short, you have to
can’t find a name, write ‘Dear Sir/ show the clear description of the
Madamme.’ situation and more on what you did
 Use standard, easy-to-read font. as proof of results or outcomes.
Make it readable. Times New  The main section of your cover
Roman or Arial is preferred; it should letter can be structured to show
be no smaller than 11 for readability
the sub-section or sub-headings.
on screen.
The sub-section guides the human
The Content of the Cover Letter
resource manager how each
The Introductory Paragraph requirement is met.
 Your first paragraph must be The Closing Paragraph
very convincing. It tells your
reader that you are the best
o Your closing paragraph should be Basic Rules of CV Writing
written concisely and neatly. It In writing a curriculum vitae (CV) or
should make clear what action the resumé, like other forms of business
reader will be taking after reading writing, you should always consider its
your cover letter. But don’t reader. In this case, your readers are the
sound arrogant. recruiters. They are usually the human
o Close with a request for an resource managers or any other staff in
interview. the recruitment department assigned to
o For a letter, end it with “Yours screen applicants through their CVs.
sincerely” if you have addressed it Avoid being eliminated by following
these basic rules in writing a CV or
to someone by name, and “Yours
resumé.
faithfully” if you started it with
 Write with the recruiter or
“Dear Sir/Madam”. human resource manager in
mind.
 Present your CV or resumé to
CV or Resume inform them well about what
they need to know. Show it in
 Describes your education, a way that it reveals very
professional and credible
competence, and experience. It
information.
defines what kind of applicant  A well-written CV or resumé
you are for the job. It limits the chance of not
selecting you. It easily puts
determines if you are the you in the shortlist.
right person for the job.  CV or resumés are the most
important documents needed
in job screening. They
provide the highlights of your
EFFECTIVE CURRICULUM qualifications, work
VITAE experiences, competence,
professional and educational
 Your CV should history.
demonstrate to any  In some academic
institutions, the CV or
prospective employer why
resumé is the standard for
they should hire you above job applications. The
any of the other skilled objective of both CV and
resumé remain. However, the
candidates who have appearance of the document
presented themselves for is noticeably different.
employment.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESUME AND to cover the
CV
whole career.
resume contains
RESUME CURRICULUM three simple
VITAE
sections: name
is a brief is more detailed and
and contact
can be more than two
summary of skills information,
pages.
education, and
and skills over work experience.
one or two
pages. Guidelines for Writing Effective CV
It is short with It covers your entire
career history. It has  Include your contact details at the
no particular a clear chronological top.
format rule and order listing the  Decide whether you want to start
whole career of the
highly individual.
with a personal statement or career
objective.
customizable.
 Include sections on Key Skills,
Knowledge and Achievements, Work
Goal of a resumé In writing your CV,
you have to consider Experience, and Education.
is to make an the following  When discussing achievements,
individual stand information: focus on what you have actually
 Areas of done and the end result achieved.
out from the
interest.  Include everything relevant in the
competition.  Education. ‘Work Experience’ and ‘Education’
 Grants, sections.
honors and
awards.  Make sure that your spelling and
 Publications grammar are all correct.
and  Work on your presentation.
presentations.
 Employment REMEMBER THIS PART!!!!!
and
experience. Online Interviews
 Academic
memberships.  Require technology which has
 Character
references. become mainstream in business.
Resume does not  The use of computers and
have to be other gadgets makes
ordered
communication between the
chronologically; it
interviewer and candidates
does not have
simple and effective.
 and electronics that are likely to
interrupt.
Here are some preparation tips that
 Have a piece of paper and a pen
Alison Doyle has suggested for a
successful online interviews. ready so that you are not
scrambling to find them later.
SUCCESSFUL ONLINE INTERVIEW
 Have a copy of your resume in
 Download the software required your sightline in case you have to
by the company ahead of time so refer to dates, job titles, or
that you’ll have the opportunity numbers.
to get used to it.  Smile and focus as much as
 Create a professional username, possible and try to behave as if
such as a variation on your real you’re in a regular, in-person
name, as it appears on your interview. Look into the camera,
resume, if it’s available. listen attentively, and engage
 Dress professionally even if you with your interviewer. Don’t just
are sitting down. Wear nice pants wait for your turn to speak.
and shoes, as you never know  Practice using your webcam
when you will have to stand up. equipment before the interview,
Plus, dressing the part will help so you are sure everything is in
you get your head in the game. working order and that you’re
 Clear your workspace and any comfortable interviewing on video.
clutter that is behind you so
that it doesn’t show up on the
screen. You don’t want your
interviewer to be distracted by
visual noise in the room or to
Virtual Meeting and its
assume that your disorganized Benefits
space is a sign of how you’d
Virtual meetings can be done using
perform as a worker.
technological innovations like
 Make sure that you are in a
computers and software
quiet room where you will not be
disturbed by people, pets, etc. applications.

Turn off your ringer, any alarms, Doyle (2019) explains that people
attending virtual meetings do not
 need to leave their home or work particular venue at the given
station. The meeting can be held
over the phone or computer using time.
virtual meeting software like  Feedback is an important
Google Meet, Zoom Cloud, and
Skype. aspect of face to face
meeting. Getting feedback
 Virtual meetings save time and
energy. from the attendees provides
 Virtual meetings are also input in the development of
inexpensive. Everybody only needs a
something that requires
computer, laptop, or smart phone, a
good internet connection, and a cooperation and teamwork.
professional virtual meeting  Face to face is the best for
software. A good environment adds
favor to effective meeting. This does brainstorming and planning.
not need much money on arranging
a meeting place, the facilities and
equipment to be used and organizing
transportation for attendees. Face-to-Face
Communication by Ronel
M. Sapungan
Face to Face Meeting and its
Benefits Face-to-face communication and
online meetings have been
Face to face meetings are the usual
identified as significant key
meetings that are conducted by
factors that contribute to their
people in the same venue and in
person. realization.

Face-to-Face Communication
 Meeting people face to face is
Defined
freer than it is held online.
People can express their In in its instructional manual, IT
& Business Process Association
thoughts and feelings using Philippines (IBAP) presents two
their body language, hand definitions of face-to-face
gestures, and facial communication:

expressions.  Face-to-face communication

is the exchanging of
 When meeting face to face,
information, thoughts, and
people have to be at the
 feelings between the sender The idea has been validated by the research
and the recipient. conducted by Emeritus Albert
 Face-to-face communication Mehrabian, a UCLA psychology Professor
takes place during one-on- who revealed the following findings:
one discussions, informal
groups, meetings, and more.  Seven (7) percent of meaning is
conveyed through the spoken words;
IBPAP quoted Thill and Bovee’s  Thirty-eight (38) percent of
definition stating that face to communication is credited to how
face communication is the one speaks like tone of voice;
richest medium because it is  Fifty-five (55) percent of
personal, it provides immediate communication occurs through
feedback, it transmits facial expression.
information from both verbal
and non-verbal case, and it
conveys the emotion behind the Face-to-face communication is highly
message.
recommended as vital medium of
communication in business because
Face-to-face experience oral communication is enriched by
non-verbal communication.
Because face-to-face
communication is the Effective communicators in the
organization or department have
richest medium, it offers
to know the elements of good
better understanding of the
face-to-face communication. They
meaning of information. It
also have to consider the face-to-
also develops the confidence
face communication in the digital
you need to convey the
age.
message during one-on-one
Face-to-Face Communication
discussions, informal
in the Digital Age
meetings, and many more.
Distance communication
When you speak, you between employer and employee
immediately relate the message
communication is no longer a
easily using facial, expression,
hand gestures, body language, problem.
and other non-verbal language.
It means that you can easily Teams can work collaboratively
understand what people say
through time and distance,
when you see and hear them.
 managers or team leaders can addressing sensitive concerns in the
company.
work away from home or the
 Clear and concise communication.
company, and employees can do Miscommunication or
important office jobs at the misunderstanding is often minimized
comfort of their homes or school when you do face-to-face
communication.
library.

Megan Baker and Jelena Milutinovic of Business letters

the Australian Institute of Business suggest
Are formal letters used for business-
the top benefits of face-to-face
communication, and scenarios where to-business, business-to-client, or
digital should be the last choice. client-to-business correspondence

 Stronger working relationships. there are a number of elements to a

Your presence at the workplace business letter. These are date and
signifies your interest and
sender’s address, recipient’s address,
cooperation with your fellow
employees. The more familiarity and salutation, body of the letter, and
exposure you have with your co- closing paragraph.
workers ensure better interaction.
 Perception of thoughts and A business letter uses a formal
feelings. Through face-to-face language. The style of the letter
communication you will be able to depends on the relationship between
express exactly your personal
the parties concerned. A business
thoughts and feelings. Non-verbal
letter is written for many reasons. It is
cues or body language are equally
used to…
important as the words you say.
 Engagement and innovation. Face-
to-face communication enriches the
 request direct information or
sense of belongingness and
action from another party
collaboration. It creates a healthy
 order supplies from a supplier
environment that inspires and
 identify a mistake that was
motivates employees to be more
committed
innovative and productive.
 reply directly to a request
Innovations and productivity are
important for employee’s promotion  Apologize for a wrong or simply
and self-actualization. to convey goodwill.
 Addressing sensitive issues. Face- A business letter is also very
to-face communication is necessary useful because it…
when discussing pressing issues or
 produces a permanent record formal that you alienate
 is confidential and formal readers, nor too casual
 delivers persuasive and well- that your readers may feel
considered messages you are insincere or
unprofessional.
In writing a business letter, the
most important element that In giving information that might
harm the reader’s feeling, be
you need is to ensure its diplomatic and respectful. The
accuracy. You should know the type letter should reflect the unique
purpose and considerations
of business letter you are writing to
involved, like the reader’s feeling
be able to determine the accuracy and character, when writing in a
of its details. business context.

Writing Center of the University

Academic writing refers to a
style of expression that
of North Carolina explained that
researchers use to define the
business writing should be clear
intellectual boundaries of their
and concise. Hence, in writing
disciplines and specific areas of
you take care that the
expertise. It is designed to
documents would not turn out to
convey agreed meaning about
be an endless series of short,
complex ideas or concepts for
choppy sentences. Keep in mind
a group of scholarly experts.
that your purpose is to
communicate the information and Language. The analysis of
be understood by your reader. research problems in diverse
disciplines is often complex and
 Always consider your
multi-dimensional. Hence, it is
audience or the ones who
significant that you use
will read your letter.
language that fits your
 Don’t confuse your reader.
audience and matches your
Stress specificity and
purpose. Inappropriate
accuracy.
language uses can undermine
 Observe formality and
your argument, damage your
sincere. But don’t be too
credibility, or alienate your
 audience. Here are some The position paper aims to
generate support on an issue. It
points to remember: describes the authors’ or
 The key to successful organization’s position on an issue
writing focuses on the and the rationale for that position. It
levels of formality and is based on facts that provide a
conciseness that solid foundation for the authors’
underscores writing in a argument.
style that your audience
expects and that fits your
purpose. In the position paper the authors
 Use clear topic sentences should use evidence to support
and well-structured
position, such as
paragraphs to enable
readers to follow your  statistical evidence or
line of thinking without indisputable dates and events;
difficulty.  validate position with
 Avoid using in-group authoritative references or
jargons or specialized primary source quotations;
language used by  examine the strengths and
groups of like-minded weaknesses of the position; and
individuals. You have to  evaluate possible solutions and
bear in mind that you suggest courses of action.
only use in-group
jargon when you are PARTS OF A POSITION
writing for members
PAPER.
of that group. You
should never use jargon
A Clear Introduction. The paper
for a general audience
without first explaining should begin with introductory
it. paragraphs that introduce your
 Avoid using slang or
idiomatic expressions readers to the problem or
in general academic question you are addressing, lay
writing.
out the thesis statement or main
 Avoid using biased
language including position, and provide readers with
language with a racial,
a “roadmap” on how you will
ethnic, group, or gender
bias or language that is defend your thesis.
stereotypical.
The Clever Hook. The introduction
POSITION PAPER should start with statements written in a
way that catches your readers’ attention.
This part will not only identify the your thesis and should think
subject of the paper but it will likewise
make the readers want to learn more about what order makes the
about the subject. most sense, how does each
The Identified Issue. The third part of proposition relate to the next,
the introduction should show the main and their relationship to the main
issue of the paper. Here you give the
highlight and interpretation of facts. thesis.

Frequently, the last

The Authors’ Position. The section of the body of the paper

introduction should end with a solid considers alternative explanations
thesis statement that expresses your
position on the topic. The thesis or counter-arguments to yours
statement essentially serves as a mini- which you present and then argue
outline for the paper. It helps you to
against in further defense of your
assert or articulate your ideas and helps
readers understand the purpose of the thesis. This is not always
paper. necessary, but in position paper,

A Well-organized Body. The body it is often a good way to defend

of the paper follows the your thesis from others’ best

introduction. It is the nerve counter-arguments.

center of the paper where you A Strong Conclusion. The last component
develop your thesis and defend it of the paper is the conclusion. Here, you
with detailed evidences. The should restate the main ideas;
structure of the body should summarize the main concepts or key
follow the roadmap that you have arguments of the paper and reinforce it
provided in the introduction. It without repeating or rewording the
must be structured logically so introduction or body of the paper; draw
that each point and paragraph a conclusion based on the information;
flows from the preceding one. and include suggested courses of action

In writing the body, you and possible solutions o

should take into consideration the recommendations.

main defenses that you need to

make in order to substantiate
 SOCIO-POLITICAL ANALYSIS The Problem. The problem refers to
PAPER the wider subject or question you are

A socio-political analysis paper can trying to address with your paper. You

be defined as an analysis of the may situate your more specific argument

economic, social, and political within a broader problem that states

factors that shape a particular why your paper is relevant economically,

country or situation and how socially and politically.

these factors impact the lives and The Thesis. An argumentative thesis
thoughts of the people. statement is not synonymous to the

It is considered a powerful tool topic of the paper, nor a statement of

for understanding how countries fact, nor an observation about the text

work and what might be done to so obvious or general that no one would

help them cope with their dispute it. Rather, it is an argument or

challenges in order to reform and a declaration of what you will accomplish

to set their priorities in a way in the paper. Typically, a thesis takes

that make them more likely to the form of one to two sentences

succeed. placed towards the end of the

introductory paragraph.
Crafting a strong socio-political
analysis paper depends largely on
The Roadmap. The roadmap is a plan
its structure and
understanding of the role of that follows the thesis statement. It
each component of the paper. operates like a preview of the paper’s
main points which is presented in logical

A Clear Introduction. The paper should order. Such a plan is highly encouraged

begin with introductory paragraphs that on the account that it not only lends

introduce your readers to the problem clarity to the structure of your

or question you are addressing; lay out argument, but also provides a check for

the thesis statement; and provide them the logical coherence of the points you

a “roadmap” on how you will defend make.

your thesis.
A Well-organized Body. The body of relationship between you and the
the paper follows the introduction. It is recipient.
in this part where you develop your
A follow-up letter is best written after
thesis and defend it with detailed
a business meeting, or a job interview,
evidence. The structure of the body
or after making a great business
should follow the roadmap that you
contract. It provides an avenue for
have provided in the introduction.
continued communication and connects
In writing the body, you should take the points discussed and agreed during
into consideration the main defenses the previous meeting.
that you need to make in order to
When writing a follow-up letter, make
substantiate your thesis and should
sure to observe grammar flaws and
think about what order makes the most
spelling errors. A well-written follow-up
sense; how does each proposition relate
letter can make a great impact on your
to the next; and their relationship to
future career and expected success.
the main thesis.
If you write the follow-up letter, bear
A Strong Conclusion. The last
in mind that it needs to be fairly
component of the paper is the
formal. Use more appropriate words and
conclusion. Here, you should restate the
phrases. Write your thoughts straight
main ideas; summarize the main
to the point. Do not go around the
concepts or key arguments of the paper
bush. Read and proofread it thoroughly.
and reinforce it without repeating or
Use grammar checking tool and a
rewording the introduction or body of
comprehensive spell checker. Keep a good
the paper; draw a conclusion based on
dictionary as your essential reference for
the information; and include suggested
words.
courses of action and possible solutions
or recommendations.

FOLLOW UP LETTER Consistent Stylistic Approach.

When your professor expresses a
A follow-up letter is as important as
preference to use the
other forms of communication. It is an
effective means of establishing a good
American Psychological Association (APA) MLA style is commonly used in the
humanities, such as literature, language
style, or the Modern Language studies, and cultural studies.
Association (MLA) style or the Chicago
It emphasizes the author's name and the
Manual of Style, choose the suggested page number in in-text citations, without
necessarily including the year of
style guide and stick to it. Each of
publication.
these style guides provide rules on how
MLA style also uses a "Works Cited" page at
to write out numbers, references, the end of the paper, which lists full
citations, footnotes, and lists. bibliographic information for each source
cited, arranged alphabetically by the
Consistent adherence to a style of
author's last name or the title if no author is
writing helps with the narrative flow of given.
your paper and improves its readability. MLA style provides guidelines for
formatting papers, including margins, font
APA (American Psychological
size, and headings, but it is less prescriptive
Association) Style: than APA in this regard.
APA style is commonly used in the social
sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and
education.
Chicago Manual of Style:
It emphasizes clarity and conciseness in
writing, with a focus on the presentation of Chicago style is used in a variety of
ideas and research findings. disciplines, including history, literature, and
the arts.
APA style uses in-text citations within the
body of the paper, typically including the It offers two citation styles: notes-
author's last name and the year of bibliography (or humanities style) and
publication. author-date (or parenthetical citations).

The reference list at the end of the paper The notes-bibliography style uses footnotes
provides detailed information about each or endnotes to cite sources within the text
source cited, arranged alphabetically by and includes a bibliography at the end of the
author's last name. paper.

APA also provides specific guidelines for The author-date style uses parenthetical
formatting papers, including margins, font citations within the text, similar to APA and
size, and headings. MLA, and includes a reference list at the
end of the paper.

Chicago style also provides guidelines for

MLA (Modern Language formatting papers, including margins, font
Association) Style: size, and headings, but it allows for more
flexibility and variation in formatting
compared to APA and MLA.