Group 11 Assessment On T-Test

Educ.
203
Statistics with Computer Application
Name: Program: Master of Arts in Social Science Teaching Date:

________________
1. What does a T-Test measure? Give an example that shows real life application of T-test. (3pts.)
Answer: A t-test measures the difference in group means divided by the pooled standard error of the two
group means. In this way, it calculates a number (the t-value) illustrating the magnitude of the difference
between the two group means being compared, and estimates the likelihood that this difference exists
purely by chance (p-value).
2. Differentiate the use of One Sample T-Test, Independent Two Sample T-Test & Paired Sample T-
Test. Give example in each one of the following kinds of T-Test. (3pts.)
Answer: There are different types of t-tests, including1234:
Independent Samples t-test: compares the means for two groups.
Paired sample t-test: compares means from the same group at different times.
One sample t-test: tests the mean of a single group against a known mean.
Two-sample t-test: compares the means of two independent groups.
3. Perform a one-sample t-test on the data about the 12-ounce soda can. Imagine we randomly
collected 30 cans of soda and measured their contents. Determine whether the difference
between the sample mean and the hypothesized value (12) is statistically significant. Significance
level α = 0.05. (8pts.)
Here is the date collected from the samples:
Ounces
11.78284 12.16584 11.81202 11.71324 12.17918 11.52787
11.87099 11.75969 11.6654 11.64732 12.04389 11.66604
11.97785 11.66779 11.66658 12.07723 11.62997 11.85599
11.78375 11.77516 11.79564 11.72334 11.85753 11.77106
11.60367 11.83697 11.85585 11.82577 12.04302 11.45721
Solution:
Conclusion:
The statistical output indicates that the sample mean (A) is 11.8013. Because the p-value (B) of 0.000 is less
than our significance level of 0.05, the results are statistically significant. We reject the null hypothesis and
conclude that the population mean does not equal 12 ounces. Specifically, it is less than that target value.
The beverage company is underfilling the cans.
The confidence interval (C) indicates the population mean for all cans is likely between 11.7358 and
11.8668 ounces. This range excludes our hypothesized value of 12 ounces, reaffirming the statistical
significance. Learn more about confidence intervals.
4. Suppose researchers want to know whether or not two different species of plants in a particular
country have the same mean height. Because it would take too long to go around and measure
every single plant, they decide to collect a sample of 25 plants from each species. (8pts.)
The following shows the height (in inches) for each plant in the sample.
Sample 1: 14, 15, 15, 16, 13, 8, 14, 17, 16, 14, 19, 20, 21, 15, 15, 16, 16, 13, 14, 12,14,12,13,15,12
Sample 2: 15, 17, 14, 17, 14, 8, 12, 19, 19, 14, 17, 22, 24, 16, 13, 16, 13, 18, 15, 13,17,20,16,15,14
 Get the variance and difference of each sample. Identify what assumptions in variance you
are going to use in the excel application.
 Using the analysis toolpak, determine the mean, variance, observations, pooled variance,
hypothesized mean difference, degrees of freedom, test statistic t and p-value.
 Draw a conclusion.
Solution:
Species 1 Height Species 2 Height
Mean 14.76 15.92
Variance 7.356666667 11.16
Observations 25 25
Pooled Variance 9.258333333
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 48
t Stat -1.347865599
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.092014414
t Critical one-tail 1.677224196
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.184028828
t Critical two-tail 2.010634758
Conclusion: Since our level of significance is 0.05 and our p-value is 0.184028828, so we fail to reject the
null hypothesis. Therefore, we do not have sufficient evidence to say that the two population means are
different.
5. An instructor wants to use two exams in her classes next year. This year, she gives both exams to
the students. She wants to know if the exams are equally difficult and wants to check this by
looking at the differences between scores. If the mean difference between scores for students is
“close enough” to zero, she will make a practical conclusion that the exams are equally difficult.
Use a significant level α = 0.05. (8pts.)
Here is the data:
Exam 1 Exam 2
Student
Score score
Bob 63 69
Nina 65 65
Tim 56 62
Kate 100 91
Alonzo 88 78
Jose 83 87
Nikhil 77 79
Julia 92 88
Tohru 90 85
Michael 84 92
Jean 68 69
Indra 74 81
Susan 87 84
Allen 64 75
Paul 71 84
Edwina 88 82
Solution:
H0: μd = 0
H1: μd ≠ 0
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 78.125 79.4375
83.7291666
Variance 160.3833333 7
Observations 16 16
Pearson Correlation 0.841728767
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 15
t Stat -0.749776885
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.23249355
t Critical one-tail 1.753050356
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.4649871
t Critical two-tail 2.131449546
Conclusion:
P-value approach: Since this
p-value (0.464987) is greater
than our significance level α
= 0.05, we fail to reject the
null hypothesis.
We have sufficient evidence
to say that the two
test/exam are equally
difficult.
Critical value approach: Since this test statistic t (0.74977) is less than critical value (2.13145), we fail to
reject the null hypothesis.
We have sufficient evidence to say that the two test/exam are equally difficult.

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Name: Program: Master of Arts in Social Science Teaching Date:

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

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