EqnSheet Midterm2021

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MECH395 Heat Conduction (Diffusion) Equation

q is the volumetric energy (generation) source term (W/m3) and thermal diffusivity, α =(k /ρ c)

∂T 1 ∂T q
ρc = ∇ ⋅ (k∇T ) + q OR = ∇ 2T + for constant k
∂t α ∂t k

1 ∂  2 ∂T  1 ∂  ∂T  1  ∂ 2T 
r + 2  sin θ + 2 2  2 
r ∂r  ∂r  r sin θ ∂θ 
2
∂θ  r sin θ  ∂φ 
(i, j , k ) represent unit vectors along (x,y,z), (r,θ,z) or (r,θ,φ) directions in rectangular, cylindrical & spherical systems.

Thermal Resistance (R), current (q) and driving potential difference (∆T) analogy to Ohm’s Law
Convection Resistance Rc = 1/(hAs). Conductive resistance Rk as in table below. Overall heat transfer coefficient U

U = 1/ (Rtot A)

q = U A ∆T

Contact Resistance
∆T
Rt'',c =
q ''
(m K / W )
2

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MECH395
Temperature Distributions and heat transfer rates for fins of uniform cross-section

Tip
Total Heat Transfer Rate qf
(x=L)

θ (x ) cosh m(L − x ) q f = (hPkAc ) θ b tanh mL


1/ 2
Insulated Tip =
(Adiabatic) θb cosh mL

θ (x ) − mx
Infinite Fin q f = (hPkAc ) θ b
1/ 2
( L → ∞)
=e
θb

with

m = [(hP) /(kAc )]
1/ 2
θ ( x) = T ( x) − T∞ θ b = θ (0) = Tb − T∞ cosh( x) = (e x + e − x ) / 2, sinh( x) = (e x − e − x ) / 2

Fin effectiveness ε f and fin efficiency η f


qf Rt ,b qf qf qf
εf = = ηf = = = with Acb =fin base cross-section area, Af =fin surface area
hAc ,bθ b Rt , f qmax hA f (Tb − T∞ ) hA f θ b

θ 1
Fin thermal Rt , f = b Fin base thermal Rt ,b =
resistance qf resistance hAc ,b

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