Sri Chaitanya Senior Physics A & R Questions

Physics-IIA
EXERCISE-IB transverse waves but only mechanical

longitudinal waves can propagate in gases.
Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions
(R) : For the propagation of mechanical
In each of the following questions, a statement of
transverse waves, medium must also
Assertion (A) is given followed by a corres-ponding
necessarily have the property of rigidity.
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement
mark the correct answer. 7. (A) : A medium must have elasticity to support
wave motion.
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct
explanation of 'A'. (R) : Restoring force responsible for wave motion
results due to elasticity of the medium.
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct
explanation of 'A' 8. (A) : Both transverse and longitudinal mecha-
nical waves can travel through solids,
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false
whereas only longitudinal mechanical waves
4) Both 'A' and 'R' are false
can travel through gases.
1. (A) : In a mechanical progressive wave, energy (R) : Gases do not have rigidity modulus.
is transferred from one point to the other. 9. (A) : Wave velocity and particle velocity for
(R) : In a mechanical progressive wave energy transverse wave are mutually perpendi-cular
transfer takes place because of the coupling to each other.
through elastic forces between neighbouring (R) : The wave velocity and particle velocity have
oscillating particles of the medium. a constant ratio of their magnitudes.
2. (A) : Ocean waves hitting a beach are always 10. (A) : When a wave goes from one medium to
found to be nearly normal to the shore. other, average power transmitted by the
(R) : Ocean waves are longitudinal waves. wave may change.
3. (A) : The longitudinal waves are called pres-sure (R) : Due to a change in the medium, ampli-tude,
waves. speed, wavelength and frequency of the
wave may change.
(R) : Propagation of longitudinal waves through
a medium involves changes in pressure and 11. (A) : If two waves of same amplitude, produce a
volume of medium, when compression and resultant wave of same amplitude, then the
rarefaction are formed. phase difference between them will be 120°.
(R) : The resultant amplitude of two waves is
4. (A) : Transverse mechanical waves can not
equal to sum of amplitude of two waves.
propagates in liquids and gases.
(R) : Liquids and gases flow when acted on by 12. (A) : On reflection from a rigid boundary (denser
shearing stress, they can not sustain shear medium), there is a complete reversal of
stress. transverse wave.
(R) : Reflection at a denser medium, both the
5. (A) : Transverse waves travel through air in an
particle velocity and wave velocity are
organ pipe.
reversed in sign.
(R) : In transverse waves particles vibrate parallel
13. (A) : The wave length of sound waves increa-
to the direction of propag-ationof wave.
ses when they are refracted from air into
6. (A) : Solids can support both longitudinal and water
74 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

Physics-IIA
(R) : Velocity of sound is greater in water than in possible.

air (R) : Air is a bad conductor of heat and velocity
14. (A) : In a progressive longitudinal wave, the of sound in air is large.
amplitude of the wave will be the same at 22. (A) : Under given conditions of pressure and
all points of the medium along the direction temperature, sound travels faster in a
of the motion of the wave
monoatomic gas than in diatomic gas.
(R) : There is a continuous change of the phase
(R) : Opposition for wave to travel is more in
angle of the wave as it progresses in the
diatomic gas than monoatomic gas.
direction of motion.
23. (A) : The speed of sound in solids is maximum
15. (A) : Sound waves cannot propagate through
though their density is large.
vaccum but light waves can
(R) : The coefficient of elasticity of solid is large.
(R) : Sound waves cannot be polarised but light
waves can be 24. (A) : On a rainy day sound travel faster than on a
dry day.
16. (A) : The velocity of sound changes as we go up (R) : When moisture is present in air the density
in the atmosphere. of air increases.
(R) : Pressure decreases as we go up in the
25. (A) : Sound produced by an open organ pipe is
atmosphere.
richer than the sound produced by a closed
17. (A) : The flash of lightening is seen before the organ pipe.
sound of thunder is heard (R) : Outside air can enter the pipe from both
(R) : Speed of sound is greater than speed of light ends, in case of open organ pipe.
18. (A) : A wind is different from the sound wave in 26. (A) : The bells are made of metals and not of wood
air. (R) : Wood offers high damping on the sound
waves
(R) : The wind involves motion of air from one
place to the other. The sound wave involves 27. (A) : Infrasonic waves are generally produced by
compressions and rarefactions of layers of large vibrating bodies.
air. (R) : Waves of frequency below 20Hz are infra
sonic waves.
19. (A) : Sound would travel faster on a hot summer
day than on a cold winter day. 28. (A) : Speed of sound in a gas is independent of
changes in pressure of the medium at a given
(R) : Velocity of sound is directly proportional to
temperature.
the square of its absolute temperature.
(R) : A change in pressure of a gas is always
20. (A) : The error in Newton’s formula of velocity accompanied by a change in density so that
of sound in air was 16%. their ratio is always constant at a given
(R) : The experimental value of velocity of sound temperature.
in air at 00C is 331m/s. 29. (A) : Sound wave can not be polarized.
21. (A) : The basic of Laplace correction was that, (R) : Polarisation is shown by transverse wave
exchange of heat between the region of only.
compression and rarefaction in air is not 30. (A) : A tuning fork is made of an alloy of steel,
Waves 75
Physics-IIA
nickel and chromium. two segments, then all the vibrating particles
(R) : The alloy of steel, nickel and chromium is in first half of the string are in out of phase
called invar to that of in the remaining of the string
(R) : In a stationary wave the phase difference
31. (A) : Two arms of a tuning fork vibrate in same
phase. between the vibrating particles in two
consecutive loops is  rad.
(R) : Each arm has a different frequency of
vibration. 39. (A) : When a sitar and a violin play notes of the
same intensity and frequency, they cannot
32. (A) : All the particles between two consecutive
be distinguished.
nodes vibrate in the same phase.
(R) : The notes contain same number of
(R) : Particles on two sides of a node vibrate
mutually in opposite phase. harmonics and overtones.
33. (A) : In a perfect stationary wave, there is no 40. (A) : Violet shift indicates that a star is
transfer of energy. approaching the earth.
(R) : There is no net onward motion of the dis- (R) : Violet shift indicates decrease in apparent
turbance from one particle to adjoining wavelength of light.
particle in stationary wave. 41. (A) : Doppler effect is asymmetric in sound
34. (A) : In the case of a stationary wave, a person (R) : In sound, apparent change in frequency
hear a loud sound at the nodes as com-pared depends on the method of creating the
to the antinodes. relative motion
(R) : In a stationary wave all the particles of the
42. (A) : The apparent freequency remain same as
medium vibrate in phase.
the source of sound approaches a stationary
35. (A) : Velocity of particles, while crossing mean observer with constant velocity.
position (in stationary waves) varies from (R) : The doppler effect does not depand on the
maximum at antinodes to zero at nodes. distance between the source and observer.
(R) : Amplitude of vibration at antinodes is
43. (A) : When a source of sound passes us, whether
maximum and at nodes, the amplitude is zero.
it be a car horn or a train whistle, the pitch
And all particles between two successive
we hear goes from high to low.
nodes cross the mean position together.
(R) : According to Dopplers effect, there is
36. (A) : In a longitudinal stationary wave a
apparent change in the frequency of sound
displacement node coincides with a pressure
observed due to relative motion between the
anti node.
observer and the source of sound.
(R) : Restoring force is maximum at node and
minimum at anti node. 44. (A) : Doppler effect is not applicable for a
supersonic source of sound.
37. (A) : A tuning fork produces sound of a single
frequency when it is exited (R) : Supersonic source produces a shock wave.
(R) : Due to its construction it cannot produce its 45. (A) : When an observer moves towards a
harmonics. stationary source, the frequency of sound
38. (A) : When a stretched string vibrates in heard is greater than the actual frequency.

Physics-IIA
(R) : Apparent frequency increases because the ANSWERS

observer intercepts more number of waves 1) 1 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 4
when he moves towards the source.
6) 1 7) 1 8) 1 9) 3 10) 3
46. (A) : Intesity of sound heard changes when an 11) 3 12) 2 13) 1 14) 2 15) 2
observer moves towards or away from a
16) 2 17) 3 18) 1 19) 3 20) 1
stationary source.
21) 1 22) 4 23) 1 24) 3 25) 2
(R) : The motion of observer causes apparent
26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 1 30) 2
change in wavelength.
31) 4 32) 2 33) 1 34) 3 35) 1
47. (A) : When an observer in motion ‘passes by’ a
36) 3 37) 1 38) 1 39) 4 40) 2
stationary source the apparent freque-ncy
41) 1 42) 1 43) 1 44) 1 45) 1
heard first continuously increases and then
continously decreases. 46) 3 47) 4 48) 4 49) 1 50) 1
(R) : Apparent change in wavelength is not 51) 4
responsible for the change in frequency.
48. (A) : If wave enters from one medium to another
medium then sum of amplitudes of reflected
wave and transmitted wave is equal to the
amplitude of incident wave.
(R) : If wave enters from one medium to another
medium energy is transmitted only.
49. (A) : When a sound source moves towards
observer, then frequency of sound increases.
(R) : Wavelength of sound in medium towards
observer is decreased.
50. (A) : Newton's equation for speed of sound was
found wrong because, he assumed the
process as isothermal.
(R) : When sound propagates the compress-ions
and rarefactions happen so rapidly that there
is not enough time for heat to be distributed.
51. (A) : Two waves moving in a uniform string having
uniform tension cannot have different
velocities.
(R) : Elastic and intertial properties of string are
same for all waves in same string. Moreover
speed of wave in a string depends on its
elastic and inertial properties, pressure only.
Waves 77
Physics-IIA
EXERCISE-IB be elliptical
In each of the following questions, a statement of (R) : Refraction of light rays through the atmo-
Assertion (A) is given followed by a corres-ponding sphere may cause different magnification in
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement mutually perpendicular directions.
mark the correct answer.
7. (A) : The Sun looks bigger in size at sunrise and
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct sunset than during day.
explanation of 'A'.
(R) : The phenomenon of diffraction bends light
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct rays at sharp edges
explanation of 'A'
8. (A) : Optical fibers are used to transmit light
without any loss in its intensity over distance
4) Both 'A' and ‘R’ are false
of several kilometers.
1. (A) : For observing traffic at our back, we prefer (R) : Optical fibers are very thick and all the light
to use a convex mirror. is passed through it without any loss.
(R) : A convex mirror has a much larger field of
view than a plane mirror or a concave mir- 9. (A) : Danger signals are made of red colour.
ror. (R) : Scattering of light is minimum for red colour
2. (A) : We can produce a real image by plane or 10. (A) : Endoscopy involves use of optical fibres to
convex mirrors under certain circum- study internal organs
stances. (R) : Optical fibres work based on pheno-menon
(R) : The focal power of a convex mirror is al- of total internal reflection.
ways taken as positive.
11. (A) : There is no dispersion of light refracted
3. (A) : The images formed by total internal through a rectangular glass slab.
reflections are much brighter than those (R) : Dispersion of light is the phenomenon of
formed by mirrors or lenses by reflection or
splitting of a beam of white light into its
refraction.
constituent colours.
(R) : There is no loss of intensity in total internal
reflection. 12. (A) : A beam of white light gives a spectrum on
passing through a hollow prism.
4. (A) : If a plane glass slab is placed on the letters
(R) : The speed of light inside the hollow prism is
of different colours all the letters appear to
be raised up to the same height. more than that of incident.
(R) : Normal shift is independent of colour of light 13. (A) : Dispersion of light occurs, because velocity
of light in a material depends upon its colour.
5. (A) : An air bubble in jar of water shines brightly
due to phenomenon of total internal reflec- (R) : The dispersive power depends only upon the
tion. material of the prism, but not upon the
refracting angle of the prism.
(R) : Refraction of light is the phenomenon of
change in the path of light, when it goes from 14. (A) : If the angles of the base of the prism are
one medium to another. equal, then in the position of minimum
6. (A) : Just before Sunset, the Sun may appear to deviation, the refracted ray will pass parallel
Ray Optics 115

Physics-IIA
to the base of prism. 21. (A) : If objective and eye lenses of a micro-scope
(R) : In the case of minimum deviation, the angle are interchanged then it can work as
telescope.
of incidence is equal to the angle of
emergence. (R) : The objective of telescope has smaller focal
length than its eye piece
15. (A) : It is possible to eliminate dispersion by
22. (A) : The blue colour of sky is on account of
combining two prism of different refra-cting
scattering of sunlight.
angles and of different materials.
(R) : The intensity of scattered light varies
(R) : The angular dispersion depends on refractive inversely as the fourth power of wave-length
index of the material of the prism. of light.
16. (A) : The minimum distance between an object 23. (A) : The sun looks reddish at the time of sunrise
and its real image formed by a convex lens and sunset because of dispersion of light.
is 4f. (R) : The wavelength of red colour is less than
(R) : The distance between an object and its real the wavelength of blue colour.
image is minimum when its magnification is 24. (A) : A secondary rainbow have inverted colours
one. when compared to the primary rainbow.
(R) : The secondary rainbow is formed by single
17. (A) : A concave mirror and convex lens both have
total internal reflection.
the same focal length in air. When they are
25. (A) : A normal human eye can clearly see all the
submerged in water, they will still have the
objects at the different distance.
same focal length.
(R) : The human eye has the capacity to suitably
(R) : The refractive index of air is greater than
adjust the focal length of its lens to a certain
the refractive index of water.
extent.
18. (A) : The illuminance of an image produced by a 26. (A) : Although the surfaces of a goggle lens are
convex lens is greater in the middle and less curved, it does not have any power.
towards the edges. (R) : In case of goggles, both the curved surfaces
(R) : The middle part of image is formed by have equal radii of curvature.
undeflected rays while outer part by inclined 27. (A) : When one sees a rainbow, one’s back is
rays. towards the Sun.
19. (A) : Optical instruments are assembled using (R) : Internal reflection from water droplet causes
dispersion. The final ray is in the backward
lenses with very wide apertures
direction.
(R) : Wide aperture of lenses enables them to
collect more light and produce bright images. 28. (A) : Owls can move freely during night.
20. (A) : By increasing the diameter of the object-ive (R) : Owls have large number of rods on their
of telescope, we can increase its range. retina.
(R) : The range of a telescope tells us how far 29. (A) : A red object appears dark in the yellow light.
away a star of some standard brightness can (R) : The red colour is scattered least.
be spotted by telescope.
Ray Optics 116

Physics-IIA
30. (A) : By roughening the surface of a sheet its 31) 1 32) 1 33) 1 34) 1 35) 4
transparency can be reduced.
(R) : Glass sheet with rough surface reflects more
light.
31. (A) : A famous painting was painted by not using
brush strokes in the usual manner, but rather
a myriad of small colour dots. In this painting
the colour you see at any given place on the
painting changes as you move away.
(R) : The angular separation of adjacent dots
changes with the distance from the painting.
32. (A) : Images of objects giving white light by lenses
are coloured
(R) : Thick lenses can be assumed to be
combination of many prisms hence they
shows chromatic aberration
33. (A) : Clouds appear white due to scattering of light
(R) : When size of objects are large compared to
wavelength, all wavelengths scatter equally.
34. (A) : Mypia can be corrected by using concave
lens.
(R) : Nearsightedness is due to too much of
convergence of incident beam
35. (A) : Convex mirror is used as shaving mirror
(R) : In case of convex mirror if a real object is
between its pole and focus, a magni-fied,
erect vertual image is formed.
ANSWERS
1) 1 2) 3 3) 1 4) 4 5) 2
6) 1 7) 2 8) 3 9) 1 10) 1
11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2
16) 2 17) 4 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2
21) 4 22) 1 23) 4 24) 3 25) 1
26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 2 30) 3
Ray Optics 117

Physics-IIA
EXERCISE-IB (R) : Wavelength of red is small among the

colours of white light
In each of the following questions, a statement of 7. (A) : In Young's interference experiment the
Assertion (A) is given followed by a correspon-ding incident light used is white. When one slit is
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement convered with red filter and the other with
mark the correct answer. blue filter, the phase difference at any point
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct on the screen will continuou-sly change and
explanation of 'A'. producing uniform illumination.
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct (R) : Two independent sources of light would no
explanation of 'A' longer act as coherent sources.
4) Both A and R are false 8. (A) : If the whole apparatus of Young's experi-
ment is immersed in liquid, the fringe width
1. (A) : Universe is expanding
will decrease.
(R) : There is red shift in the spectra of galaxies
(R) : The wavelength of light in water is more
2. (A) : More accurate formula for the Doppler
than that in air
effect which is valid when the speeds close
to that of light, requires the use of Einsteins 9. (A) : In Y.D.S.E., if distance of screen (D) is very
special theory of relativity. large compared to the fringe width, the
(R) : Doppler effect is the basis for the measu- fringes will be very nearly straight lies.
rements of the radial velocities of distant (R) : In general, the shape of fringes formed in
galaxies. Y.D.S.E is hyperbola.
3. (A) : The geometrical shape of the wave front 10. (A) : Light added to light can produce darkness.
when a plane wavefront passes through a
(R) : The destructive interference of two coherent
convex lens will be again plane wave front
light sources may give dark fringe.
(R) : When a plane wave front is reflected by a
concave mir ror, it remains as plane 11. (A) : In Young’s double slit experiment, we
wavefront. observe an interference pattern on the
4. (A) : Light from two coherent sources is reaching screen if both the slits are illuminated by two
the screen. If the path difference at a point bulbs of same power.
on the screen for yellow light is 3  /2, then (R) : The interference pattern is observed only
the fringe at the point will be coloured. when source are monochromatic.
(R) : Two coherent sources always have same 12. (A) : Young’s double slit experiment can be
phase relationship at any point on the screen.
performed using a source of white light.
5. (A) : No interference pattern is detected when
(R) : The wavelength of red light is less than the
two coherent sources are very close to each
wavelength of other colours in white light.
other. (i.e separation almost zero)
(R) : The fringe width of interference pattern is 13. (A) : For best contrast between maxima and
inversely proportional to the distance minima in the interference pattern of Young’s
between the two slits double slit experiment, the intensity of light
emerging out of the two slits should be equa.
6. (A) : In Young’s double slit experiment the band
width for red colour is more (R) : The intensity of interference pattern is
Wave Optics 77
Physics-IIA
proportional to square of amplitude. of wave is proportional to square of distance

of two slits.
14. (A) : In Young’s double slit experiment, the fringes
become indistinct if one of the slits is (R) : For a dark fringe intensity is zero in double
covered with cellophane paper. slit experiment.
(R) : The cellophane paper decrease the 20. (A) : If white light is used is young’s experi-enced
wavelength of light. the central bright fringe is white and the
15. (A) : When a light wave travels from a rarer to a fringe closest on either side of the central
denser medium, it looses speed. The white fringe is red.
reduction in speed imply a reduction in (R) : When white light is used in Y.D.S.E for a
energy carried by the light wave. 
point ‘P’ for which S2 P  S1P  B , (  B =
(R) : The energy of a wave is proportional to 2
wavelength of blue) the blue component will
frequency of wave.
be absent and fringe will appear red in
16. (A) : The pattern and position of fringes always colour.
remain same even after the introduction of
transparent medium in a path of one of the 21. (A) : When the coherent sources are far apart,
slits of young’s experiment Interference pattern cannot be detected.
(R) : The central fringe bright or darkness is (R) : If two point coherent sources are infini-tely
independent of the initial phase difference close to each other, fringes appears very
between the two coherence sources. sharp.
17. (A) : Y.D.S.E, as the source slit width increases, 22. (A) : When a thin transparent sheet is placed in
fringe pattern gets less and less sharp. front of both the slits of Young’s experi-ment,
the fringe width will increase.
(R) : When the source slit is so wide that the
s  (R) : In Young’s experiment the fringe width is
condition  is not satisfied, the inversely proportional to wavelength of the
S d
interference pattern is appears. source used.
18. (A) : For interference fringes to be seen, the 23. (A) : Thin films such as soap bubble or a thin layer
s  of oil on water show beautiful colours when
condition  should be satisfied. Where illuminated by sunlight
S d
(R) : The colours are obtained by dispersion of
‘s’ be the size of source slit, S is its distance
light only
from plane of two slits and ‘d’ is the distance
between two slits. 24. (A) : Newton’s rings are formed in the reflected
(R) : In Y.D.S.E, if distance of source slit from system. When the space between the lens
the two slits (s) decreases, the interference and the glass plate is filled with a liquid of
pattern gets more sharp. refractive index greater than that of glass,
the central spot of the pattern is dark.
19. (A) : In Young’s double slit experiment the two
(R) : The reflections in Newton’s ring cases will
slits are at distance d apart. Interference
be from a denser to a rarer medium and the
pattern is observed on a screen at distance
two interfering rays are reflected under
D from the opposite to one of the slits, a
similar conditions.
dark fringe is observed, then the wave-length

Physics-IIA
25. (A) : The film which appears bright in reflected 32. (A) : Coloured spectrum is seen when we look
system will appear dark in the transmitted through a muslin cloth.
light and vice-versa. (R) : The coloured spectrum is due to diffra-ction
(R) : In interference, the conditions for film to of white light on passing through fine slits
appear bright or dark in reflected light are made by fine threads in the muslin cloth.
just reverse to those in the transmitted light. 33. (A) : The clouds in sky generally appear to be
26. (A) : If a thin soap film is arranged vertically, the whitish.
spectrum of coloured fringes are spread (R) : Diffraction due to clouds is efficient in equal
equally on the film. measure at all wavelengths.
(R) : The colours of the film is dependent on the 34. (A) : In double slit experiment, the pattern on the
thickness of film and wavelength of the light. screen is actually a superposition of single-
27. (A) : Radio waves diffract pronouncedly around slit diffraction from each slit and the double
the sharp edges of the buildings than visible – slit interference pattern.
light waves (R) : The diffraction pattern has a central bright
(R) : Wave length of radio waves is compara-ble maximum which is twice as wide as the
to the dimension of the edges of the building. other maxima.
35. (A) : Standard optical diffraction gratings can-not
28. (A) : It is impossible to see an object as small as
be used for discriminating between different
an atom regardless of the quality of light
X-ray wavelengths.
used by microscope.
(R) : The grating spacing is not of the order of
(R) : In order “see” an object, wave length of light X-ray wavelengths.
in the microscope must be compar-able to
the size of object. 36. (A) : When tiny circular obstacle is placed in the
path of light from some distance, a bright
29. (A) : Diffraction is common in sound but not spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of
common in light waves the obstacle.
(R) : Wavelength of light is more than the (R) : Destructive interference occurs at the centre
wavelength of sound of the shadow of circular obstacle.
30. (A) : There is no specific important physical 37. (A) : The resolving power of both microscope and
difference between inter ference and telescope depends on the wavelength of light
diffraction. used.
(R) : When there are only few sources (say two), (R) : The resolving power of a lens is the ability
the result is usually called inter-ference, but to resolve the two images so that they are
if there is a large number of sources, the distinctly identified.
result is diffraction
38. (A) : The resolving power of an electron micro-
31. (A) : At the first glance, the top surf Morpho scope is higher than that of an optical
butterfly’s wing appears a beautiful blue microscope.
green. If the wing moves the colour (R) : The wavelength of electron is less than the
changes. wavelength of visible light.
(R) : Different pigments in the wing reflect light
39. (A) : To increase the resolving power of a
at different angles.
microscope, ‘oil immersion objective’ can be
Wave Optics 79
Physics-IIA
used. (R) : The reflected light cannot be polarized when

(R) : Resolving power of the microscope is given light is incident normal to the plane surface.
by the reciprocal of the maximum separation
48. (A) : One of the images in double refraction
of two objects distinctly seen.
doesn’t obey the principles of refraction
40. (A) : The resolving power of a telescope more if (R) : Extraordinary image in double refraction
the diameter of the objective lens is more. doesn’t obey the principles of refraction
(R) : Objective lens of large diameter collects because its velocity changes with direction.
more light.
49. (A) : Skiers uses glasses.
41. (A) : Resolving power of a microscope can be (R) : Light reflected by snow is partially polarised
increased by choosing a medium of higher
refr active index between object and 50. (A) : 3-D movies are produced by projecting two
objective lens. images onto a screen, with polarizing
(R) : To increase resolving power of micro-scope, dissections that are 90 0 relative to one
usually on oil having R.I close to that of another.
objective glass is used. (R) : When your eyes view 3D wearing 3D
glasses, your right eye sees one view and
42. (A) : Spy satilight cameras use lenses with very
left eye sees the other view, these views
large aperatures.
combines in the brain and produce 3D effect.
(R) : In general, larger the aperture in an opti-cal
instrument, the greater the resolution. 51. (A) : Newton’s rings are formed in the reflected
system when the space between the lens
43. (A) : Transverse wave nature of light is proved
and the glass plate is filled with a liquid of
by polarisation
refractive index greater than that of glass,
(R) : According to Maxwell, light is an electro
the central spot of the pattern is bright.
magnetic wave but not mechanical wave
(R) : This is because the reflection in these cases
44. (A) : Nicol prism is used to produce and ana-lyse
will be from a denser to a rarer medium and
plane polarised light.
the two interfering rays are reflected under
(R) : Nicol prism reduces the intensity of light to similar conditions.
zero.
52. (A) : In a movie, ordinarily 24 frames are
45. (A) : When an unpolarised light is incident on a
projected per second from one end to the
glass plate at Brewster angle, the refle-cted
other of the complete film.
ray and refracted ray ar e mutually
(R) : The image formed on the retina of the eye
perpendicular
is sustained upto (1/10) s after the removal
(R) : The refractive index of glass is equal to sine
of the stimulus.
of the angle of polarisation.
53. (A) : A famous painting was painted by not using
46. (A) : The unpolarised light and polarised light can brush strokes in the usual manner, but rather
be distinguished from each other by using a myriad of small colour dots. The colour
polaroid. you see it any given place on the painting,
(R) : A polaroid is capable of producing plane changes as you move away.
polarised beams of light. (R) : The angular separation of adjacent dots
changes with the distance between them in
47. (A) : Light coming from numbers of calcula-tor’s
the painting.
L.C.D display is polarised

Physics-IIA
54. (A) : To observe diffraction of light the size of 31) 3 32) 1 33) 3 34) 2 35) 1
obstacle / aperture should be of the order of
10–7m. 36) 3 37) 2 38) 1 39) 3 40) 1
(R) : 10–7m is the order of wavelength of visible 41) 2 42) 1 43) 2 44) 3 45) 3
light. 46) 2 47) 2 48) 1 49) 2 50) 2
55. (A) : The film which appear bright in reflected
51) 1 52) 3 53) 1 54) 1 55) 1
system will appear dark in the transmitted
system and vice –versa. 56) 1 57) 3 58) 3
(R) : The condition for film to appear bright or
dark in reflected light are just reverse to
those in the transmitted light.
56. (A) : On viewing the clear portion of the sky
through a calcite crystal, the intensity of the
transmitted light varies as the crystal is
rotated.
(R) : The light coming from the sky is polari-zed
due to scattering of sunlight by parti-cles in
the atmosphere. The scattering is largest for
blue light.
57. (A) : Diffraction determines the limitations of the
concept of light rays.
(R) : A beam of width  starts to spread out
due to diffraction after it has travelled a
distance (2 2 /  ) .
58. (A) : When tiny circular obstacle is placed in the
path of light from some distance, a bright
spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of
the obstacle.
(R) : Destructive interference occurs at the centre
of the shadow (AIIMS 2002)
ANSWERS
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 4 5) 1
6) 3 7) 1 8) 3 9) 2 10) 1
11) 4 12) 3 13) 2 14) 3 15) 4
16) 4 17) 1 18) 3 19) 2 20) 1
21) 3 22) 4 23) 3 24) 1 25) 1
26) 4 27) 1 28) 1 29) 3 30) 1
Wave Optics 81
Physics-IIB
EXERCISE-IB conducting sphere
Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions 6. (A) : The surface charge densities of two spherical
In each of the following questions, a statement of conductors of different radii are equal. Then
Assertion (A) is given followed by a corres-ponding the electric field intensities near their surface
are also equal.
mark the correct answer. (R) : Surface charge density is equal to charge per
unit area.
7. (A) : If a dielectric is charged by induction then
explanation of 'A'.
induced charge q| may be less than inducing
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct charge q.
explanation of 'A'
(R) : For metals, dielectric constant is infinity.
8. (A) : Coulomb’s law is valid for point charges
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is false only.
1. (A) : Coulomb force between charges is central (R) : The force between two large conducting
force spheres will be different from coulomb’s
(R) : Coulomb force depends on medium between formula. This happens because of
charges electrostatic induction.
2. (A) : Two particles of same charge projected with 9. (A) : A charged particle free to move in an electric
different velocity normal to electric field field always move along an electric line of
experience same force force.
(R) : A charged particle experiences a force in (R) : The electric line of force diverge from a
electric field which is independent of velocity negative charge and converge at a positive
3. (A) : Electric and gravitational fields are acting charge.
along same direction. When proton and  -
10. (A) : A small metal ball is suspended in a uniform
particle are projected up vertically along that
electric field with an insulated thread. If high
line, the time of flight is less for proton.
energy X-ray beam falls on the ball, the ball
(R) : In the given electric field acceleration of a
will be deflected in the electric field.
charged particle is directly proportional to
(R) : When x-ray beam falls on the ball, it emits
specific charge
photoelectrons and metal becomes
4. (A) : If there exists coulomb attraction between negatively charged.
two bodies, both of them may not be
11. (A) : In a cavity within a conductor, the electric
charged.
field is zero.
(R) : In coulomb attraction two bodies are
(R) : Charges in a conductor reside only on its
oppositely charged.
surface.
5. (A) : Sharper is the curvature of spot on a
charged body lesser will be the surface 12. (A) : The tyres of aircrafts are slightly conducting.
density of charge at that point. (R) : If a conductor is connected to ground, the
(R) : Electric field is zero inside a charged non- extra charge induced on conductor

Physics-IIB
neutralised by the ground. field.

(R) : Due to a point charge electric lines of forces
13. (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and
are parallel and equidistant
nothing happens to the bird.
21. (A) : No work is done in moving an electric dipole
(R) : Bird’s body is a bad conductor of current.
translationaly in a uniform electric field
14. (A) : A metallic shield in the form of a hollow shell (R) : Net force on electric dipole in uniform
may be built to block an electric field. electric field is zero.
(R) : In a hollow spherical shield, the electric field 22. (A) : The electric field due to a discrete charge
inside it is zero at every point. configuration is not defined at the locations
of the discrete charges
15. (A) : Acceleration of a charged particle in non-
(R) : For a surface charge distribution, electric
uniform electric field does not depend on
field is discontinuous acorss the surface.
velocity of charged partcle
(R) : Charge is an invariant quantity, that is, 23. (A) : An applied electric field will polarize the polar
amount of charge on particle does not depend electric material
on frame of reference. (R) : In polar dielectrices, each molecule has a
permanent dipole moment but these are
16. (A) : A spherical surface surrounds a point charge.
randomly oriented in the absence of an
If the volume of the sphere is doubled then externally applied electric field
flux through the sphere also doubled.
(R) : When the shape of a closed surface 24. (A) : The whole charge of a conductor cannot be
enclosing a fixed charge is changed flux transferred to another isolated conductor
through the surface also changes.
(R) : The total transferof charge from one to another
17. (A) : Half of the ring is uniformly positively
is not possible
charged and other half uniformly negatively
charged. The electric field is zero at centre. 25. (A) : Gauss's law can't be used to calculate
(R) : At the centre of uniformly charged ring electricl field near an electric dipole
electric field is non zero. (R) : Electric dipole don't have symmetric charge
18. (A) : For a non-uniformly charged thin circular distribution
ring with net charge zero, the electric field 26. (A) : Gauss's law shows diversion when inverse
at any point on axis of the ring is non zero. square law is not obeyed
(R) : For a non-uniformly charged thin circular (R) : Gauss's law is a consequence of conser-
ring with net charge zero, the electric vation of charges
potential at each point on axis of the ring is
27. (A) : An electrostatic field line never form closed
zero.
loop
19. (A) : In a region where uniform electric field (R) : Electrostatic field is a conservative field
exists, the net charge within volume of any
size is zero. 28. (A) : On going away from a point charge or a
(R) : The electric flux whithin any closed surface small electric dipole, electric field decreases
in region of uniform electric field is zero. at the same rate in both the cases
(R) : Electric field is inversely proportional to
20. (A) : A point charge produces a uniform electric square of distance from the charge or on
Electric Charges and fields 49

Physics-IIB
electric dipole
29. (A) : Gaussian surface is considered carefully
(R) : The point where electric field to be
calculated should be with in the surface
ANSWERS
1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 5) 4
6) 2 7) 2 8) 2 9) 4 10) 1
11) 2 12) 1 13) 3 14) 1 15) 3
16) 4 17) 4 18) 2 19) 1 20) 4
21) 1 22) 2 23) 2 24) 3 25) 1
26) 2 27) 2 28) 4 29) 1

Physics-IIB
EXERCISE-IB 6. (A) : In bringing an electron towards a proton

electrostatic potential energy of the system
decreases.
(R) : Potential due to proton is positive.
Assertion (A) is given followed by a corres-ponding
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement 7. (A) : Electric field is in the direction in which the
potential decreases steepest.
 dV
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct (R) : In the formule E  , –ve sign indicates
dr
explanation of 'A'. potential decreases in the opposite direction
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct of the electric field.
explanation of 'A' 8. (A) : Potential due to a charge ‘q’ at its own
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false location is not defined - it is infinite .
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is false (R) : Potential due to a point charge ‘q’ at infi-
nite distance is infinity.
1. (A) : When a proton with certain energy moves
from low potential to high potential then its 9. (A) : A cavity inside a conductor is shielded from
KE decreases. outside electrical influences.
(R) : The direction of electric field is opposite to (R) : Generally Iron is used for electric and
the potential gradient. magnetic shielding.
10. (A) : Suppose if we put charges inside cavity,
2. (A) : The surface of a conductor is an equipo-
the exterior of the conductor is not shiel-
tential surface
ded from the fields by the inside charges
(R) : Wavefront is the optical analogue of an
(R) : Electric lines of force can pass through a
equipotential surface. charged conductor
3. (A) : At a point in space, the electric field points 11. (A) : Electric field is continuous across surface
towards north. In the region, surrounding this of a spherical charged shell, where as
point the rate of change of potential will be electric potential is discontinuous across the
zero along the east and west. surface.
(R) : Electric field due to a charge exists in the (R) : Electric field and electric potential inside the
charged spherical shell is zero.
space around that charge.
12. (A) : Ordinary rubber is an insulator. But special
4. (A) : When charges are shared between two
rubber tyres of aircraft are made slightly
bodies, there occurs no loss of charge, but
conducting.
there does occur a loss of electrical energy.
(R) : Rubber tyres of air craft conduct charge
(R) : In case of sharing of charges law of con-
(produced by friction) to the ground. Too
servation of energy fails.
much of static electricity accumulated may
5. (A) : Two adjacent spherical conductors, carrying result in spark and result in fire.
the same positive charge can have a potential 13. (A) : Vehicles carrying inflammable materials
difference between them. usually have metallic ropes touching the
(R) : The potential to which a conductor is raised ground during motion.
depends upon the charge. (R) : Metallic ropes are used to conduct charges
Electric potential and capacitance 127

Physics-IIB
(produced by friction) to the ground. Too plates of a charged capacitor, electric field
much of static electricity accumulated may generated due to induced charge is opposite
result in spark and result in fire. to external field.
14. (A) : A bird perches on a bare high power line, 20. (A) : Two capacitors are connected in parallel to
and nothing happens to the bird. A man a battery. If a dielectric medium is inserted
standing on the ground touches the same between the plates of one of the capacitors
line and gets a fatal shock. then the energy stored in the system will
(R) : Curr ent passes only when there is a increase.
difference in potential. (R) : On inserting dielectric medium between the
15. (A) : In the case of parallel plate capacitor, the plates of a capacitor, its capacity increases
electric field lines bend outward at the edges, 21. (A) : Circuits containing capacitors should be
that is fringing effect. handled cautiously even when there is no
(R) : Fringing effect can be reduced when current.
d2 < < A. (d = distance between the parallel (R) : The capacitors are very delicate and so
plates of capacitor and A is the area of each quickly breakdown may take place.
plate).
22. (A) : An applied electric field will polarize the
16. (A) : Electric displacement of dielectric medium polar dielectric material.
filled between the plates of parallel plate
(R) : In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a
condenser is D 0 E  P . Here E is
permanent dipole moment but these are
electric field in the medium and P is the
randomly oriented in the absence of an
dielectric polarisation.
externally applied electric field.
(R) : Electric susceptibility of dielectric medium
is zero [K = dielectric constant, 0 = 23. (A) : In the absence of an externally applied
permitivity of free space. electric field, the displacement per unit
volume of a polar dielectric material is
17. (A) : The two adjacent conductors carrying same
always zero.
charge can be at different potentials.
(R) : The potential of a conductor depends on the (R) : In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a
charge on it, shape and size of its surrounding permanent dipole moment but these are
charged bodies and their relative separation randomly oriented in the absence of an
between them. externally applied electric field.
18. (A) : It is not possible to create an electric field in 24. (A) : A capacitor is connected to a battery. If we
which all the lines of force are parallel lines move its plate further apart, the energy of
and whose density increases gradually in a the capacitor gets decreased.
direction perpendicular to the lines of force. (R) : The energy stored in capacitor is dissipated
(R) : The stronger the field the closer the equi in the form of heat energy.
potential surfaces. 25. (A) : A capacitor will be damaged if a large
19. (A) : The strength of the electric field in the amount of charge placed on it.
charged and isolated capacitor is decreased (R) : When electric field cross dielectric strength,
when dielectric slab is inserted. the action of capacitor is destroyed
(R) : When dielectric slab is inserted between the 26. (A) : A capacitor is so contructed that it confines

Physics-IIB
the electric field liner with in a small region. distance between the plates.
(R) : In the case of charged parallel plate (R) : Force between the plates can not be
capacitor, charge resides only on inner calculated using coulomb's law.
surfaces of the plates, due to force of 34. (A) : A small paper piece is suspended between
attraction between the plates. the two plates of a parallel plate capacitor
27. (A) : Van de graff generator can build up high then the force on the paper piece is zero.
voltages, resulting large electric fields are (R) : Force on a dipole in a uniform electric field
used to accelerate charged particles. is zero.
(R) : The potential difference between two 35. (A) : When two conductors charged to different
concentric conducting charged spheres potentials are connected to each other, the
dependent only on the charge present on the negative charge always flows from lower
inner sphere. potential to higher potential.
28. (A) : There can be potential difference betw-een (R) : In the charging process there always a flow
to adjacent conductors that carry the same of electrons only.
amount of positive charge. 36. (A) : Water has a much greater dielectric con-
(R) : Capacitance of a conductor depends on the stant than any other ordinary substance.
size. (R) : Water has permanent dipolemoment.
29. (A) : If a dielectric is placed in an external field
37. (A) : An isolated conductor can not have a large
the field inside dielectric will be less than
capacitance.
applied field.
(R) : When a conductor holds a large amount of
(R) : Electric field induce dipolemoment opposite
charge, a breakdown occurs in the insulation
to field direction.
of the surrounding medium.
30. (A) : Potential at the surface of a solid metallic
38. (A) : When a capacitor is connected across a
sphere may be non-zero, even if net charge
battery, each plate receives a charge of
on the surface is zero.
exactly the same magnitude.
(R) : If potential at the center of a solid metallic
(R) : Charge can neither be created nor destroyed.
sphere is non-zero, potential at the surface
of the sphere is non-zero. ANSWERS
31. (A) : Potential energy of a system of point 1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 4) 3 5) 2
charges may be zero. 6) 2 7) 3 8) 3 9) 2 10) 3
(R) : Potential energy of individual point charges 11) 4 12) 1 13) 1 14) 2 15) 2
in a system of point charges may be zero.
16) 3 17) 1 18) 2 19) 1 20) 1
32. (A) : When the plates of a charged capacitor are 21) 3 22) 2 23) 1 24) 3 25) 1
connected to a resistor a current starts
26) 1 27) 1 28) 2 29) 3 30) 2
flowing in the resistor.
(R) : A charged capacitor acts as battery of 31) 2 32) 3 33) 3 34) 1 35) 2
constant emf. 36) 1 37) 1 38) 1
33. (A) : Force between the plates of an isolated
charged capacitor does not depend on
Electric potential and capacitance 129

Physics-IIB
EXERCISE-IB 6. (A) : Motion of conduction electrons in electric

field E is the sum of motion due to random
Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions collisions and that due to E .
In each of the following questions, a statement of (R) : The contribution to Vd of electron comes
Assertion (A) is given followed by a correspon-ding only by E, but not by random motion of elec-
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement trons.
mark the correct answer. 7. (A) : A voltage supply from which one needs high
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct currents must have very low internal
explanation of 'A'. resistance.
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct (R) : The maximum current drawn from a cell is
explanation of 'A'  /r only..
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false 8. (A) : A high tension supply must have very large
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is false internal resistance
(R) : A short circuited cell gives very high cur-
1. (A) : A current continues to follow in super- rent, that may exceed safety limits of cell.
conducting coil even after switch is off.
9. (A) : Electric field outside the wire due to a steady
(R) : Superconducting coils show Meissner current through it is zero.
effect.
(R) : Net charge present on current carrying wire
2. (A) : Electric appliances with metallic body have is zero.
three connections, whereas an electric bulb 10. (A) : When two conducting wires of different
has a two pin connection. resistivity having same cross section are
(R) : Three pin connections reduce heating of joined in series, the electric field in them
connecting wires. would be equal when they carry equal
current
3. (A) : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic
wire will decrease, if the temperature of the (R) : When wires are in series they carry unequal
current
wire is increased.
(R) : On increasing temperature, conduc-tivity of 11. (A) : If a current flows through a wire of non-
metallic wire decreases. uniform cross-section, potential differe-nce
4. (A) : The electric bulbs glows immediately when per unit length of wire in direction of current
switch is on. is same at different points
(R) : ohms law V = iR is not valid for a wire of
(R) : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic
non-uniform cross-section
wire is very high.
12. (A) : In our houses when we start switching on
5. (A) : If the length of the conductor is doubled, different light buttons main current increases.
the drift velocity will become half of the (R) : The connections are in parallel.
original value. (keeping potential diffe-rence
13. (A) : Voltage is not proportional to current in the
unchanged).
case of non-ohmic devices.
(R) : At constant potential difference, drift
(R) : Voltage is equal to product of resistance and
velocity is inversely proportional to the length
current.
of the conductor.
Current electricity 73
Physics-IIB
14. (A) : A resistor obeys ohm’s law while a diode 22. (A) : Two bulbs of same wattage, one having a
does not. carbon filament and the other having a
(R) : The expression that V = IR is a statement metallic filament are connected in series.
of Ohm’s law is not true. Metallic bulb will glow more brightly than
carbon filament bulb.
15. (A) : The semiconductors do not obey ohm’s law.
(R) : Carbon is a semiconductor.
(R) : In semi conductor s, the resistance
23. (A) : It is advantageous to transmit electric power
depends on magnitude and direction of ap-
at high voltage.
plied electric field.
(R) : High voltage implies high current during
16. (A) : Material used in the construction of a transmission.
standard resistance is constantan or
24. (A) : A person touching a high power line sets
manganin.
stuck with the line.
(R) : Temperature coefficient of Resistance
(R) : The current carrying wire attract the man
constantan is very small. towards it.
17. (A) : The resistivity of metals increases with 25. (A) : The coil of a heater is cut into two equal
increase in temperature. halves and only one of them is used into
(R) : The free electron density in metals increases heater. The heater will now require half the
with increase in temperature. time to produce the same amount of heat.
18. (A) : The resistivity of metals increases with (R) : The heat produced is inversily proportio-nal
increase in temperature to square of current.
(R) : The average time of collision of electrons 26. (A) : The conductivity of an electrolyte is low as
with the ion of lattice decreases with compared to a metal at room tempe-rature.
increase in temperature. (R) : The number density of free ions in electrolyte
is much smaller compared to number density
19. (A) : However long a fuse wire may be, the safe
of free electrons in metals. Further, ions drift
current that can be allowed is the same
much more slowly, being heavier.
through it.
(R) : The safe current that can be allowed to pass 27. (A) : Primary cells can be recharged, but
through a fuse wire depends on the radius secondary cells can not be recharged.
of wire. (R) : Chemical reactions involved in secondary
cells are irreversible and in primary cells
20. (A) : It is easier to start a car engine on a warm are reversible.
day than a chilly day
28. (A) : Heat is produced in a resistor when
(R) : with increase in temperature, the internal
connected across the terminals of a cell.
resistance of the car battery decreases
(R) : The energy dissipated as heat in a resistor
21. (A) : Fuse wire must have low resistivity and low came from the chemical energy of
melting point. electrolyte of cell.
(R) : Fuse is used to protect a device conne-cted 29. (A) : Wheatstone Bridge provides practical
in series to it from large currents. method for determination of an unknown
resistance.

Physics-IIB
(R) : The error in measuring the unknown

resistance is minimum in meter bridge
experiment, if the balance point is close to
50 cm.s
30. (A) : In metrebridge experiment, a high resis-
tance is connected in series with the
galvanometer.
(R) : As resistance increases, current through the
circuit increases
31. (A) : In a meter bridge, If its wire is replaced by
another wire having same length, made of
same material but having twice the cross-
sectional area, the accuracy decreases
(R) : If wire of meterbridge is replaced by
another wire of same material having same
cross- sectional area but of twice the length,
accuracy remains same.
32. (A) : A domestic electrical appliances, working
on a three pin, will continue working even if
the top pin is removed. (1995)
(R) : The third pin is used only as a safety device.
33. (A) : Total current entering a junction in a circuit
is equal to leaving the junction by Kirchhoff’s
law.
(R) : Total current entering a junction in a circuit
is equal to leaving the junction is based on
conservation of charge. (2013)
ANSWERS
1) 2 2) 3 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1
6) 2 7) 1 8) 1 9) 1 10) 4
11) 4 12) 1 13) 2 14) 2 15) 1
16) 1 17) 3 18) 1 19) 2 20) 2
21) 1 22) 1 23) 3 24) 3 25) 3
26) 1 27) 4 28) 1 29) 2 30) 3
31) 4 32) 1 33) 1
Current electricity 75
Physics-IIC
EXERCISE- IB other in same direction then these beams repel

each other.
(R) : Like charges repel while opposite charges
In each of the following questions, a statement of attract each other.
Assertion (A) is given followed by a correspon-ding
6. (A) : A charged particle is accelerated by a potential
mark the correct answer. difference of V volts. It then enters
perpendicularly to a uniform mag-netic field.
It rotates in a circle. Its angular momentum
explanation of 'A'.
about center is say L. Now if V is doubled, L
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct also becomes two times.
explanation of 'A' (R) : If V is doubled, kinetic energy will becomes
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false two times and therefore, L also become two
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is false times.
Introduction, force on a moving charge, 7. (A) : A current carrying conductor produces only
current carrying conductor: an electric field.
1. (A) : Magnetic field interacts with a moving charge (R) : Electrons in motion in a current carrying wire
and not with a stationary charge. give rise to only electric field
(R) : Magnetic field will be produced by a moving 8. (A) : The electron passing parallel to both magnetic
charge but not by a stationary charge. and electric field is always deflected from its
path
2. (A) : If an electron is not deflected while pas-sing
through a certain region of space, then only (R) : If velocity of electrons is equal to ratio of
possibility is that there is no magnetic field in magnetic and electric field in crossed fields
this region applied then electron beam remains
(R) : Force on an electron moving in a mag- undeflected.
netic field is inversely proportional to the 9. (A) : Magnetism is relativistic.
magnetic field applied. (R) : When we move along with the charge so
that there is no motion of charge relative to
3. (A) : Free electrons always keep on moving in a
us we find no magnetic field associated with
conductor even then no magnetic force act
the charge.
on them in magnetic field unless a current is
passed through it. 10. (A) : An electron moving with uniform velo-city
enters uniform magnetic field perpendicularly
(R) : The average velocity of free electron in a
and then a uniform electric field in the same
conductor is zero in the absence of the elec-
direction. Nature of paths followed by
tric field in it.
electron in both the fields will be same.
4. (A) : The ion cannot move with a speed beyond a (R) : The force applied by magnetic and electric
certain limit in a cyclotron. field on electron are in the same direction.
(R) : As velocity increases the mass of ion in-
11. (A) : If an electron is not deflected while pas-sing
creases.
through a certain region of space, then only
5. (A) : If two beams of protons move parallel to each possibility is that there is no magnetic field in

Physics-IIC
this region. (R) : Mono-magnetic pole does not exist in nature.

(R) : Magnetic force on a charged particle is (AIIMS 2013)
directly proportional to specific charge of Magnetic field due to a circular coil:
particle.
20. (A) : A linear solenoid carrying current is
12. (A) : A helical spring tends to contract, when a equivalent to a bar magnet.
current passes through it
(R) : The magnetic field lines of both are same.
(R) : Two straight parallel metallic wires carrying
21. (A) : Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined
current in same direction repel each other
within the core of a toroid. but not within a
13. (A) : The trajectory of neutron when it is projected straight solenoid.
perpendicular to a magnetic field is a parabola (R) : The magnetic field inside the solenoid is
. uniform.
(R) : A moving charge entering parallel to the
22. (A) : When the observation point lies along the
magnetic field lines moves in a circular path.
length of the current element, magnetic field
14. (A) : In a cyclotron the time for one revolution of is zero.
an ion is independent of its speed or radius (R) : According to Biot-Savart’s law field is
of its orbit. defined only when position vector of a point
(R) : In a cyclotron the sign of the electric field relative to current element is non zero.
changes alternately in tune with the
23. (A) : A solenoid tend to contract when a cur-rent
circular motion of particle.
passes through it.
15. (A) : Cyclotron does not accelerate electrons. (R) : The magnetic field inside the solenoid is
(R) : Mass of electrons is very small. uniform.
(AIIMS 2000)
24. (A) : A loosely round helix made of stiff wire is
16. (A) : A charge, whether stationary or in motion suspended vertically with the lower end just
produces a magnetic field around it. touching a dish of mercury. When a current
(R) : Moving charges produce only electric field is passed through the wire, the helical wire
in the surrounding space. executes oscillatory motion with the lower
(AIIMS 2009) end jumping out of and into the mercury.
17. (A) : Magnetic force experienced by moveing (R) : When electric current is passed through helix,
charges is always perpendicular to the a magnetic field is produced both inside and
magnetic field outside the helix.
(R) : Electric force experienced by point charges
25. (A) : A loosely wound helix made of stiff wire is
is along the line of electric field.
suspended vertically with the lower end just
(AIIMS 2012)
touching a dish of mercury. When a current
18. (A) : The energy of charged particle moving in a is passed through the wire, the helical wire,
uniform magnetic field does not change. the helical wire executes
(R) : Work done by magnetic field on the charge oscillatory motion with the lower end jumping
is zero. (AIIMS 2008)
out of and into the mercury.
19. (A) : Magnetic lines forms closed loops in nature. (R) : Like current carrying wires attract each
Moving charges and magnetism 81

Physics-IIC
other. (R) : The whole pipe carrying current can be

supposed to be made of thin rings. The
26. (A) : A current carrying wire loop of irregular shape
magnetic field on the axis of the ring is is
placed in an external magnetic field attains a zero.
circular shape.
34. (A) : Ampere’s law holds for steady currents in
(R) : For a given perimeter, a circle has maxi- straight conductor which do not vary with
mum area. time.
(R) : Magnetic field lines always form closed
27. (A) : A current carrying circular loop, free to turn, loops.
when placed in an external magnetic field,
Force between parallel conductors,
orients its plane normal to field. torque, MCG, TG:
(R) : The potential energy of the system is 35. (A) : In electric circuits, wires carrying currents
minimum at stable equilibrium position. in opposite directions are often twisted
together.
28. (A) : The microscopic roots of magnetism can be (R) : If the wire are not twisted together, the
traced back to intrinsic spin of electrons. combination of the wires forms a current loop.
(R) : The spinning electron is equivalent to a The magnetic field generated by the loop
magnetic dipole. might affect adjacent circuits or components.
36. (A) : When two long parallel wires, hanging freely
29. (A) : The magnetic field in the open space inside
are connected in parallel to a battery, they
and exterior to the toroid is zero. come close to each other.
(R) : Field produced by a toroid could be derived (R) : Wires carrying current in opposite direction
using Amperes circuital law. repel each other.
30. (A) : The orbital magnetic moment and angular 37. (A) : Torque on the coil is always maximum, when
momentum of orbiting electron are always coil is suspended in a radial magnetic field.
in opposite directions. (R) : Torque depends upon the magnitude of the
(R) : Conventional direction of current flow is applied magnetic field.
opposite to the direction of electron motion.
38. (A) : In case of M.C.G the torque on the coil is
31. (A) : When radius of circular loop carrying current
maximum in any position of the coil
is doubled, its magnetic moment becomes
(R) : In case of M.C.G the concave shaped
four times
magnetic poles render the field to be radial
(R) : Magnetic moment depends on area of the
loop (AIIMS 2008) between them so that the plane of the coil is
always perpendicular to the lines of induction
32. (A) : A charged particle can be accelerated in a
cyclotron by the oscillatory electric field. even after deflection
(R) : Energy of charged particle is increased by 39. (A) : Earth’s magnetic field does not affect the
the electric field applied. (AIIMS 2012) working of a moving coil galvanometer.
Magnetic field and force due to a current carrying (R) : The earth’s magnetic field is quite weak as
conductor:
compared to magnetic field produced in the
33. (A) : A current I flows along the length of an moving coil galvanometer.
infinitely long, straight, thin-walled pipe. Then
the magnetic field at all points inside the pipe 40. (A) : The tangent galvanometer can be made more
is zero. sensitive by increasing the number of turns

Physics-IIC
of its coil. than that of galvonameter.

(R) : For a given P.D, current through galvano- 48. (A) : Higher the range, lower is the resistance of
meter is inversely proportional to the number ammeter.
of turns of coil. (R) : To increase the range of ammeter, addi-tional
shunt needs to be used across it.
41. (A) : Reduction factor (K) of a tangent galva-
nomete helps in reducing deflection for a 49. (A) : Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the
circuit
given current.
(R) : Resistance of a volumeter is very large.
(R) : Reduction factor has no unit.
42. (A) : Increasing the current sensitivity of an MCG
may not necessarily increase the voltage ANSWERS
sensitivity. 1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 1 5) 2
(R) : Increasing the number of turns of an MCG, 6) 1 7) 4 8) 4 9) 1 10) 4
increases the resistance of the coil of MCG. 11) 4 12) 3 13) 4 14) 2 15) 1
16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 4
Ammeter and voltmeter:
21) 2 22) 1 23) 2 24) 3 25) 1
43. (A) : The range of given voltmeter can be both 26) 2 27) 1 28) 1 29) 2 30) 1
increased and decreased. 31) 1 32) 1 33) 3 34) 2 35) 1
(R) : By adjusting the value of resistance in series
36) 2 1) 3 37) 2 38) 1 39) 1
with galvanometer the range of votlmeter can
be adjusted. 40) 2 41) 3 42) 1 43) 1 44) 2
45) 4 46) 3 47) 3 48) 1 49) 1
44. (A) : Voltmeter put across a part of the circuit, it
reads slightly less than the original voltage.
(R) : Voltmeter is always connected in parallel in
circuit across which voltage is to be
measured.
45. (A) : The resistance of voltmeter is very small as
compared to the resistance of the
galvanometer, from which it is obtained.
(R) : The voltmeter is connected in series to the
conductor across which potential difference
is to be measured.
46. (A) : An ammeter is connected in series in the
circuit.
(R) : An ammeter is a high resistance galva-
nometer.
47. (A) : If a galvanometer is converted into an
ammeter and a milliammeter then the shunt
resistance of ammeter is lower than that of
milliammeter.
(R) : In Ammeter the current through shunt is less
Moving charges and magnetism 83

Physics-IIC
EXERCISE-IB present in its core.

(R) : At a low temperature magnet losses its mag-
netic property or magnetism.
Assertion (A) is given followed by a corres-ponding 6. (A) : Earth’s magnetic field inside a closed iron
statement of reason (R) just below it. Of the statement box is less as compared to the outside.
mark the correct answer. (R) : The magnetic permeability of iron is low.
1) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct
7. (A) : A disc-shaped magnet is leviated above a
explanation of ‘A’
superconducting material that has been
2) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is not the correct cooled by liquid nitrogen.
explanation of ‘A’
(R) : Superconductors repel a magnet.
3) ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false
8. (A) : Diamagnetic materials can exhibit mag-
4) ‘A’ is false and ‘R’ is false
netism.
1. (A) : There is no couple acting when two bar
(R) : Diamagnetic materials have permanent
magnets are placed with their magnetic axes
magnetic dipole moment.
along the same line separated by a distance
(R) : The lines of action of forces are along the 9. (A) : Ferr omagnetic substances become
same line when the magnets are placed paramagnetic above Curie temp.
coaxially. (R) : Domains are destroyed at high temperature.
2. (A) : We cannot think of a magnetic field 10. (A) : An unmagnetised piece of iron is attra-cted
configuration with three poles. to a bar magnet.
(R) : A bar magnet does exert a torque on itself (R) : An atom is equivalent to a current loop.
due to its own field.
11. (A) : The ferromagnetic substance do not obey
3. (A) : The magnet in an uniform magnetic field Curie’s law.
executes periodic but not S.H.M. for larger
(R) : At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance
amplitudes.
start behaving as a paramagnetic substance.
(R) : For larger amplitude angular acceleration of
12. (A) : The properties of paramagnetic and ferro-
the suspended magnet is not propor-tional
magnetic substance are not effected by
to deflection during the vibration of mangent
heating.
in magneticfield.
(R) : As temperature rises, the alignment of mo-
4. (A) : The true geomagnetic north direction is found
lecular magnets gradually increases.
by using a compass needle.
13. (A) : Soft iron is used as transformer core.
(R) : The magnetic meridian of the earth is along
the axis of rotation of the earth. (R) : Soft iron has narrow hysteresis loop.
5. (A) : The earth’s magnetic field is due to iron 14. (A) : Magnetism is relativistic.
Magnetism and matter 147

Physics-IIC
(R) : When we move along with the charge so temperature.

that there is no motion relative to us, we
22. (A) : Magnetic moment of an atom is due to both,
find no magnetic field associated with the the orbital motion and spin motion of every
charge. electron.
15. (A) : A soft iron core is used in a moving coil (R) : A charged particle produces a magnetic
galvanometer to increase the strength of field.
magnetic field.
23. (A) : At neutral point, a compass needle point out
(R) : From soft iron more number of the magnetic in any arbitrary direction.
lines of force passes.
(R) : Magnetic field of earth is balanced by field
16. (A) : A paramagnetic sample display greater due to magnets at the neutral points.
magnetisation (for the same magnetising
24. (A) : The net magnetic flux through a closed
field) when cooled.
surface is always zero.
(R) : The magnetisation does not depend on
(R) : Unlike poles of equal strength exist together.
temperature.
25. (A) : There are two neutral points on a hori-zontal
17. (A) : Electromagnets are made of soft iron.
board when a magnet is held vertically on
(R) : Coercivity of soft iron is small. the board.
18. (A) : To protect any instrument from external (R) : At the neutral point the net magnetic field
magnetic field, it is put inside an iron body. due to the magnet and magnetic field of the
(R) : Iron is a ferro magnetic substance. earth is non zero.
19. (A) : The susceptibility of diamagnetic mate-rials 26. (A) : Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic
does not depend upon temperature. field (H) has been chosen as a magnetic
(R) : Every atom of a diamagnetic material is not element instead of the vertical
a complete magnet in itself. component (V).
(R) : Most of our experiments are performed in
20. (A) : For a perfectly diamagnetic substance
horizontal configuration. So, H is more rel-
permeability is always one.
evant.
(R) : The inability of a material to permit the
passage of magnetic lines of force through 27. (A) :  m  T graph for a diamagnetic material is
it is called magnetic permeability. a straight line paralle to T-axis.
(R) : Susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is
21. (A) : The product of magnetic susceptibility and
not affected by temperature.
absolute temperature for a paramag-netic
substance is a constant. 28. (A) : Steel is not attracted by a magnet.
(R) : The magnetic susceptibility of a para- (R) : Steel is not a magnetic substance.
magnetic material does not depend on
29. (A) : When radius of a circular wire carrying

Physics-IIC
current is doubled, its magnetic moment 26) 1 27) 1 28) 4 29) 1 30) 1
becomes four times.
31) 3 32) 1 33) 1 34) 2
(R) : Magnetic moment is directly proportional to
area of the loop.
30. (A) : If one arm of a U-tube containing a dia-

magnetic solution is placed in between the
poles of a strong magnet with the level in
line with the field, the level of the solution
falls.
(R) : Diamagnetic substances are repelled by the
magnetic field.
31. (A) : Magnetic susceptibility is a pure number.

(R) : The value of magnetic susceptibility for
vacuum is one.
32. (A) : The magnetic poles of earth do not coincide

with the geographic poles.
(R) : The angle between the orientation of a com-
pass and true north-south direction is known
as magnetic declination
33. (A) : Magnetic field lines are continuous and

closed.
(R) : Magnetic monopole does not exist.
34. (A) : A superconductor is a perfect diamag-netic

substance.
(R) : A superconductor is a perfect conductor.
ANSWERS
1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 3 5) 4
6) 3 7) 1 8) 3 9) 1 10) 2
11) 2 12) 4 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1
16) 3 17) 1 18) 1 19) 3 20) 4
21) 3 22) 3 23) 1 24) 1 25) 4
Magnetism and matter 149

Physics-IIC
EXERCISE-IB in series. This resistance is known as motor

starter.
(R) : The back emf in the beginning, when motor
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
starts, is very small.
explanation
2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct 8. (A) : Electrical power through transmission lines
explanation of A is transmitted at high voltage.
3) A is true but R is false (R) : At high voltage theft of power is checked
4) Both A and R are false
9. (A) : The electric field induced due to chang-ing
1. (A) : Unlike electrostatic field the lines of induced magnetic field is non-conservative.
field form closed loop. (R) : The line integral of the electric field along
(R) : Electrostatic field is conservative unlike a closed loop is always zero.
induced fields.
10. (A) : In equation F  q  E  v  B when v = 0,
2. (A) : The mutual induction between the two coils any force on the charge must arise from
infinitely apart is zero. the electric field term E alone
(R) : If the mutual induction between the two (R) : To explain, the existence of induced emf or
coils is zero, it means that their self induced current in static conductor kept in
inductances are also zero. time - varying magnetic field, we must
assume that a time - varying magnetic field
3. (A) : Inductance is called the inertia of an electric
generates an electric field
circuit.
(R) : An inductor tends to keep the flux constant 11. (A) : Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain
an induced current in the coil.
4. (A) : There may be an induced emf in a loop
(R) : The presence of large magnetic flux through
without induced current
a coil maintains a current in the coil if the
(R) : Induced current depends on the resistance
circuit is continuous (1999)
of the loop
12. (A) : If current is flowing through a machine of
5. (A) : When the magnetic flux through a loop is
iron eddy currents are produced
maximum, induced emf is maximum
(R) : Change in magnetic flux through an area
(R) : When the magnetic flux through a loop is causes eddy currents (2000)
minimum, induced emf is minimum.
13. (A) : The possibility of an electric bulb fusing is
6. (A) : When conducting loop is kept stationary in higher at the time of switching on and off.
a non-uniform magnetic field an emf is (R) : Inductive effects produce a surge at the time
induced. of switch-off and switch-on (2003)
(R) : As per Faraday's law, whenever flux
14. (A) : An emf is induced in a closed loop where
changes, an emf is induced.
magnetic flux is varied. The induced is not
7. (A) : When an electric motor is started, a variable a conservative field
 
resistance (that decreases with time) is used (R) : The line integral E.dl around the closed loop
Electromagnetic induction 59
Physics-IIC
is non-zero (2006)
ANSWERS
1) 1 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 4
6) 4 7) 1 8) 3 9) 3 10) 2
11) 3 12) 4 13) 1 14) 1

Physics-IIC
EXERCISE- IB 7. (A) : An A.C. gener ator is based on the

phenomenon of self induction.
(R) : In single coil, we do not consider induction.
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement 8. (A) : Choke coil is preferred over a resistor to
mark the correct answer. adjust current in an A.C. circuit.
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct (R) : Power factor for pure inductance is zero.
explanation of 'A'. 9. (A) : An electric heater is heated first by direct
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct and then by alternating currents. For both
the currents, the potential difference across
explanation of 'A'
the ends of the heater is the same. The rate
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false of production of heat will be different in two
4) Both 'A' and 'R' are false cases.
1. (A) : A choke coil is used instead of a resistor in (R) : The resistance of a coil in alternating cur-
rent will be more than the resistance of a
fluorescent tubes with ac mains.
coil in direct current, hence heat produced
(R) : A choke coil reduces voltage across tube
in case of direct current will be high.
without wasting power, whereas a resistor
would waste power as heat. 10. (A) : An inductance and a resistance are
connected in series with an A.C. circuit. In
2. (A) : Capacitor serves as a block for D.C. and this circuit the current and the potential
offers an easy path to A.C. difference across the resistance lag behind
(R) : Capacitive reactance is inversely propor- potential difference across the inductance
tional to frequency. by an angle    .
3. (A) : When capacitive reactance is smaller than (R) : In L-R circuit voltage lags the current by
the inductive reactance in LCR series circuit, phase angle which depends on the value of
inductance and resistance both.
e.m.f. leads the current.
(R) : The phase angle is the angle between the 11. (A) : The D.C. and A.C. both can be measured
alternating e.m.f. and alternating current of by a hot wire instrument.
the circuit. (R) : The hot wire instrument is based on the
principle of magnetic effect of current.
4. (A) : An electric lamp connected in series with a
variable capacitor and A.C. source, its 12. (A) : A.C. is more dangerous than D.C for
brightness increases with increase in human body.
capacitance. (R) : Frequency of A.C. is dangerous for human
(R) : Capacitive reactance decreases with body.
increase in capacitance of capacitor. 13. (A) : If an inductor coil is connected in DC
5. (A) : Soft iron is used as a core of transformer. source, the current supplied by it is I1. If the
(R) : Area of hysteresis loop for soft iron is same coil is connected with an AC source
small. of same voltage. Then current is I2. Then
I2<I1
6. (A) : Long distance transmission of A.C. is carried
(R) : In AC circuit, inductor coil offers more
out at extremely high voltage.
resistance.
(R) : For large distance, voltage has to be large.

Physics-IIC
14. (A) : Current versus time graph is as shown in (R) : In a practical choke coil the power
figure, rms value of current is 4A. dissipation reduces if frequency of the a.c.
i(A) is increased.
4 23. (A) : If a current has both ac and dc compo-
nents, then a dc ammeter used to measure
t(s) this current will measure the average value
(R) : For a constant current, rms current is equal of the total current.
to that constant value.
(R) : The scale of a dc ammeter is unformly
15. (A) : An AC can be transmitted over long divided.
distances without much power loss.
24. (A) : Inductance coils are usually made of thick
(R) : An AC can be stepped up or down with the copper wire.
help of a transformer
(R) : Induced current is more in wire having less
16. (A) : Inductive reactance of an iductor in DC resistance. (2008)
circuit is zero.
(R) : Angular frequency of DC circuit is zero. ANSWERS
17. (A) : With increase in frequency of an A.C supply, 1) 1 2) 1 3) 2 4) 1 5) 1
the impedance of an L-C-R series circuit, 6) 1 7) 4 8) 2 9) 1 10) 4
decreases at first, becomes minimum and 11) 3 12) 3 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1
then increases. 16) 1 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1 20) 1
(R) : In L-C-R series circuit, impedance (z)
21) 1 22) 2 23) 2 24) 1
2
z  R 2   X L  XC 
18. (A) : An inductor and a capaicotr are called low
pass filter and high pass fileter respecitvley.
(R) : Reactance of an inductor is low for low
frequency signals and that of a capacitor is
high for high frquency signals.
19. (A) : The chief characteristic of series resonant
circuit is current magnification
(R) : At resonance the voltage drop across
inductance is equal to that on capacitor.
20. (A) : Wires of the transmission lines carrying A.C.
are made of multiple strands.
(R) : A.C flows on surface of the conductor
21. (A) : The ammeter and voltmeters used for
measuring alternating current and volta-ges
have uniform divisions on their scales.
(R) : The instruments used for measuring
alternating current and voltage are based
on heating effect of current.
22. (A) : For a practical choke coil the power factor
is very small
Alternating Current 45
Physics-IID
EXERCISE-IB metal surface is doubled, the maximum

kinetic energy of emitted photo-electrons
gets more than doubled.
(R) : Kinetic energy of particle is proportional to
Assertion (A) is given followed by a correspon-ding intensity.
6. (A) : Though light of a single frequency
(monochromatic) is incident on a metal, the
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct energies of emitted photoelectrons are
explanation of 'A'. different.
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct (R) : The energy of electrons emitted from inside
explanation of 'A' the metal surface is lost in collision with the
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false other atoms in the metal.
4) 'Both A' and 'R' are false 7. (A) : Work function of copper is greater than that
of sodium. But both will have same value of
1. (A) : With increase of intensity of incident light, threshold frequency and thre-shold
photoelectric current also increases. wavelength.
(R) : If the intensity of incident radiation is (R) : Work function depends on frequency of
increased, more number of photons strike radiation.
the metal surface there by liberating more 8. (A) : A free electron of a metal cannot escape
photoelectrons. Then photoelectric curr-ent from the metal surface.
increases. (R) : When a free electron tries to come out, metal
surface acquires positive charge and pulls
2. (A) : In the process of photoelectric emission, all
the electron back to the surface.
the emitted photoelectrons have the same
kinetic energy. 9. (A) : Stopping potential increases with increase
of frequency of radiation.
(R) : All the photons of same frequency do not
(R) : The graph for stopping potential vs
transfer their whole energy to the electron frequency is a straight line passing through
of the atom in photoelectric effect. the origin.
3. (A) : The process of photoelectric emission is 10. (A) : Momentum of a particle is inversly pro-
different to that of thermionic emission. portional to its square root of kinetic energy.
(R) : The process of thermionic emission is (R) : Wave length of a photon is directly
pro-portional to energy.
temperature dependent, but photo-electric
emission is independent of temperature. 11. (A) : Both radiation and matter has dual nature.
(R) : Any matter associated with momentum has
4. (A) : Work function of aluminium is 4.2 eV. a wavelength.
Emission of electrons will not be possible if
12. (A) : In a matter wave both position and
two photons each of energy 2.5 eV strike momentum can not be measured accurately
an electron of aluminium. at the same time.
(R) : For photoelectric emission the energy of (R) : According to principle of uncertainity
each photon should be greater than the work h
Px 
function of aluminium. 4
13. (A) : Matter wave associated with an electron is
5. (A) : If the frequency of the light incident on a

Physics-IID
extended over a finite region in space. h

tum p is given by   .
(R) : The wavelength associated with an electron p
is a group of waves around a central (R) : De Broglie relation justifies Bohr’s postulate
wavelength called wave packet. on quantization of Angular momentum of
electron in an atom.
14. (A) : Electron microscope has very high resolution.
22. (A) : Photo electrons emitted in photo electric
(R) : Wavelenght associated with an electron is
effect are not the free electrons of the metal.
very small.
(R) : The condition for the conservation of energy
15. (A) : There is a physical significance of matter and momentum can not be satis-fied
waves simultaneously.
(R) : Both interference and diffraction occurs
23. (A) : When ultraviolet light is incident on a
in it.
photocell, its stopping potential is V0 and Kmax
16. (A) : The de Broglie wavelength of a molecule the maximum kinetic energy of the
(in a sample of ideal gas) varies inversely photoelectrons is Kmax. When the ultra-violet
as the square root of the absolute tempe- light is replaced by X-rays, both V0 and Kmax
rature. increases.
(R) : The de Broglie wavelength of a molecule (R) : Photoelectrons are emitted with speeds
(in a sample of ideal gas) depends on ranging from zero and a maximum value
temperature. because of the fixed (definite) frequency
17. (A) : Gas filled photo emissive cells produce less present in the incident light.
current compared with vacuum type photo 24. (A) : The photoelectrons produced by a
emissive cells. monochromati c light beam incident on a
(R) : Photo emissive cells work on the basis of surface have a spread in kinetic energies
thermionic emission. (R) : The Work function of a metal varies as a
18. (A) : The relative velocity of two photons function of the depth from the surface
travelling in opposite direction is the velocity 25. (A) : The energy(E) and momentum(p) of a
of light. E
photon are related by P 
(R) : The rest mass of photon is zero. C
(R) : The photon behaves like a particle
19. (A) : On increasing the frequency of light, larger
number of photo electrons are emitted. 26. (A) : Photoclectric effect demonstraes the wave
(R) : The number of electrons emitted do not nature of light
depends on the intensity of incident light. (R) : The number of photoelectrons is inversly
proportional to the intensity of light
20. (A) : By increasing the intensity of light of given
wavelength, there is only an increase in the 27. (A) : The debroglie equation has significance for
number of photons per second crossing a any microscopic (or) sub-microscopic
given area with each photon having same particles
energy. (R) : The debroglie wavelength is inversely
(R) : Photo energy depends on intensity of incident propostional to the mass of the object if ve-
radiation. locity is constant.
21. (A) : De Broglie proposed that the wave length 28. (A) : X rays cannot be deflected by means of an
   associated with a particle of momen- ordinary grating
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 25

Physics-IID
(R) : X-rays can have large wave length 1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3

29. (A) : If the voltage of x-ray tube is doubled, the 6) 1 7) 4 8) 1 9) 3 10) 4
intensity of x-rays will become unchanged 11) 2 12) 1 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1
(R) : The intensity of the emitted x-rays beam is 16) 2 17) 4 18) 2 19) 4 20) 3
increased by increasing the filament current 21) 1 22) 3 23) 3 24) 3 25) 1
30. (A) : The frequency of characteristic x-rays 26) 4 27) 1 28) 3 29) 2 30) 1
depends on the nature of target 31) 1 32) 3 33) 2 34) 3 35) 1
(R) : Characteristic x-rays are produced due to 36) 2
transition of electrons from higher to lower
electronic orbits in an atom of target
31. (A) : Standard optical diffraction can not be used
for discriminating between different x-ray
wavelength
(R) : The grating spacing is not of the order of x-
ray wavelengths
32. (A) : X-rays can not be diffracted by means of
grating
(R) : X-rays do not obey Bragg’s law
33. (A) : X-rays can peretrate through the flesh but
not through the bones
(R) : The peretrating power of x-rays deponds
on operating voltage
34. (A) : Intensity of x-rays can be controlled by
adjusting the filament current and voltage
(R) : The intensity of x-rays does not depend on
number of x-ray photon emited per second
from the target
35. (A) : X-rays are used for studying the structure
of crystals
(R) : The distance between the atoms of crystal
is of the order of wavelength of x-rays
36. (A) : The phenomenon of x-ray production is
basically inverse of photoelectric effect
(R) : X-rays are electromagnetic waves
ANSWERS

Physics-IID
EXERCISE - IB 6. (A) : Its is not possible that all the lines available
in the emission spectrum will also be
Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions available in the absorption spectrum
In each of the following questions, a statement of (R) : The spectrum of hydrgen atom is only
Assertion (A) is given followed by a correspon-ding absorption spectrum
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement 7. (A) : Study of emission spectra of a material can
mark the correct answer. serve as a finger print for identi-fication of
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct the material.
explanation of 'A'. (R) : Every element has its characteristic
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct spectrum of emission.
explanation of 'A' 8. (A) : Between any two given energy levels, the
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false number of absorption transitions is
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is true always less than or equal to the number of
emission transitions.
1. (A) : In Rutherford experiment only few
(R) : Absorption transitions start from the lowest
 -particles get rebounded.
energy level only and may end at any higher
(R) : Most of the atomic space is empty. energy level. But emission transitions may
2. (A) : The positively charged nucleus of an atom start from any higher energy level and end
has a radius of almost 10–15m. at any energy level below it.
(R) : In  -particle scattering experiment, the 9. (A) : Electrons in the atom are held due to
distance of closest approach for coulomb forces
 -particles is  10–15m. (R) : The atom is stable only because the
3. (A) : If the impact parameter is large in Rutherford centripetal force due to coulomb's law is
experiment the deviation of the  -particle balanced by the centrifugal force
is small. 10. (A) : In the Balmer series of hydrogen spec-trum
(R) : Impact parameter is the initial as wavelength increases the spectral lines
perpendicular distance between the velocity becomes closer.
direction and nucleus (R) : For higher orbits energy gap between them
4. (A) : The electron in the hydrogen atom passes decreases.
from energy level n = 4 to the n=1 level. 11. (A) : Modified wavelength is more than
The maximum and minimum number of incident wavelength in compton effect
photon that can be emitted are six and one (R) : When photon collides electron, the free
respectively. elecstron takesway a part of the enrgy of
(R) : The photons are emitted when electron make the photon. The remaining energy is
a transition from the higher energy state to scattered as photon of decreased fre-quency
the lower energy state. (or) as a photon of increased wavelength
5. (A) : Hydrogen atom consists of only one 12. (A) : Bohr model cannot be extended to two or
electron but its emission spectrum has many more electron atoms
lines.
(R) : Each electron in the atom interacts not only
(R) : Only Lyman series is found in the absorp- with the positively charged nucleus but also
tion spectrum of hydrogen atom whereas in with all other electrons
the emission spectrum, all the series are
found.

Physics-IID
13. (A) : Large angle of Scattering of alpha parti-cles 20. (A) : LASER is used to measure distant object as
led to the discovery of atomic nucleus moon. (2001)
(R) : Entire positive charge of atom is (R) : Lasers are highly coherent source of light.
concentrated in the central core 21. (A) : In He-Ne laser, population inversion takes
14. (A) : The trajectory traced by an incident particle place between energy levels of neon atoms.
depends on the impact parameter of collision (R) : Helium atoms have a meta stable energy
(R) : The impact parameter is the perpendicular level (2004)
distance of the initial velocity vector of the 22. (A) : Crystalline solids can cause X-rays to
incident particle from the centre of the target diffract.
nucleus (R) : Interatomic distance in crystalline solids is
15. (A) : According to classical theory, the propo-sed of the order of 0.1nm. (2004)
path of an electron in Rutherford atom model 23. (A) : In a metal all the free electrons have same
will be parabolic. energy.
(R) : According to electromagnetic theory an (R) : Electrons do not obey Pauli’s exclusive
accelerated particle continuously emits principle. (2007)
radiation.
24. (A) : Bohr’s atomic model cannot be used to
16. (A) : Bohr ’s third postulate states that the explain multiple electron species.
stationary orbits are these for which the (R) : Bohr’s atomic model does not take inter-
angular momentum is same integral multiple electronic interactions in account.(2012)
of h / 2 25. (A) : Total energy of electron in an hydrogen atom
(R) : Linear momentum of the electron in the atom is negative.
is quantized (R) : Electron is bounded to the nucleus. (2012)
17. (A) : In the experiment of alpha particle scattering,
ANSWERS
extremely thin gold foils are preffered over
other metals 1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 2
(R) : Gold is a ductile material 6) 3 7) 1 8) 1 9) 3 10) 1
18. (A) : Electron in the atom are held due to 11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 2 15) 2
coulomb forces 16) 3 17) 2 18) 3 19) 3 20) 1
(R) : The atom is stable only because the 21) 1 22) 1 23) 3 24) 2 25) 1
centripetal force due to coulmb’s law is
balanced by the centrifugal force
19. (A) : A laser beam of 0.2W can drill holes through
a metal sheet whereas a 1000W torch light
cannot.
(R) : The frequency of laser light in much higher
than that of torch light.
(1996, 1998)
Atoms 37
Physics-IID
EXERCISE-IB (R) : Any nucular reaction obeys all conserva-

Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions tion laws.
In each of the following questions, a statement of 6. (A) : The radius of a nucleus determined by
Assertion (A) is given followed by a correspon-ding electron scattering is found to be slightly
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement different from that determined by alpha-
particle scattering
explanation of 'A'. (R) : The electron scattering senses the charge
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct distribution of the nucleus where as alpha
explanation of 'A' and similar particles sense the nuclear matter
7. (A) : Radio activity is an indication of the instability
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is false
of nuclei.
Mass defect, Binding energy,Nulcear forces,
(R) : Stability of nuclei decided by the ratio of
Radioactivity :
neutron to proton to be around 1 : 1 for light
1. (A) : All natural radioactive elements are nuclei an for heavy nuclei is 3 : 2
ultimately converted to lead.
8. (A) : Isotopes of an element can be separated by
(R) : All the elements above lead are unstable. using a mass spectrometer.
2. (A) : The distance of closest approch to a gold (R) : Separation of isotopes is possible because
nucleus of an  -particle of K.E 5.5Mev is of the difference in electron numbers of
about 4.0 × 10–14m. isotopes.
(R) : Rutherford by assuming that the coulomb 9. (A) : A beam of charged particles is employed in
repulsive force was only responible for the treatment of cancer.
scattering. (R) : Charged particles on passing through a
material medium lose their energy by causing
3. (A) : The BE per nucleon of the fused heavier
ionization of the atoms along their path.
nuclei is more than the B.E per nucleon of
the lighter nuclei . 10. (A) : Neutrons penetrate matter more readily
(R) : The final system is more tightly bound to compared to protons
the initial system. (R) : Neutrons are slightly more massive than
protons
4. (A) : The nuclear force between two nucleons
11. (A) : The positively charged nucleus of an atom
falls rapidly to zero as their distance is more
has a radius of almost 10–15m.
than a few femtometer.
(R) : In a-particle scattering experiment, the
(R) : Sharp decrease in nuclear forces made it
distance of closest approach for a-particles
saturated, which causes constancy for is  10–15m
binding energy per nucleon.
Nuclear fission, Nuclear fusion,
5. (A) : Atomic energy level spacings are of the Elementary particles :
order of ev, while the difference in nuclear 12. (A) : Exothermic chemical reactions under lie
energy levels is of the order of Mev conventional energy sources. Hear the
Nuclei 49
Physics-IID
energies involved are in the range of ev. (R) : Energy levels of excited nucleus is in Mev,
(R) : Atomic energy level spacings are of the excited electron is in ev and  -radiation has
order ev. energy in Mev
13. (A) : In reactors, light nuclei called moderators 20. (A) : In pair annihilation, an electron and position
are provided along with the fissionable nucli destroy each other and produce 2  -rays
for slowing down fast neutrons. (R) : 2  -rays produced will have equal
(R) : In an elastic collision with hydrogen the momentum in oppsite direction and
neutron almost comes to rest and proton momentum is conserved
carries away the energy. 21. (A) : Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is
14. (A) : The fusion process is achieved by raising useful diagnostic tool for producing images
the temperature of the system of various parts of human body.
(R) : The fusion particles have enough K.E to (R) : Proton of various tissues of human body play
overcome the coulomb repulsive behaviour. a role in MRI. (2006)
22. (A) : It is desirable to slow down fast moving
15. (A) : Energies associated with nuclear proce-sses
neutrons to sustain contr olled chain
are about a million times larger than
reactions.
chemical process.
(R) : Slow moving neutrons efficiently collides
(R) : In the mass number range A = 30 to 170,
with U235. (2011)
the B.E per nucleon is nearly constant about
8Mev/nucleon. 23. (A) : More energy is released in fusion than
fission.
16. (A) : The ratio for time taken for light emssion
from an atom to that for release of nuclear (R) : More number of nucleons take part in fission.
energy in fission is 1 : 100 (2012)
(R) : Time taken for the light emission from an 24. (A) :  -radiation emission occurs after  and 
atom is of the order of 10-8S. decay
17. (A) : If a heavy nucleus is split into two medium (R) : Energy levels occur in nucleus. (2012)
sized parts, each of the new nuclei will have 25. (A) : A laser beam of 0.2 W power can drill holes
more binding energy per nueleon than the through a metal sheet, whereas a 1000
original nucleus. torch-light cannot.
(R) : Joining two light nuclei together to give a (R) : The frequency of laser light is much higher
single nucleus of medium size means more than that of torch light. (2013)
B.E per nucleon in the new nucleus.
ANSWERS
18. (A) : Heavy water absorbs neutrons more
efficiently than normal water. 1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2
6) 1 7) 1 8) 3 9) 1 10) 2
(R) : Heavy water has more molecular masss
11) 1 12) 1 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2
than normal water.
16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 1
19. (A) : Excited nucleus can emit  radiation, but
21) 1 22) 1 23) 2 24) 1 25) 3
excited electron can not emit  radiation

Physics-IID
EXERCISE - IB conduction band no hole is created

Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions (R) : Donor energy level does not exist in the
valence band.
Assertion (A) is give n followed by a correspon-ding 7. (A) : Ohm’s law is not obeyed in semicondu-ctors
statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statement at high electric field.
mark the correct answer. (R) : According to Ohm’s law, voltage varies
inversely with current.
explanation of 'A'. 8. (A) : An n-type semiconductor has a large
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct number of electrons but still it is electrically
explanation of 'A' neutral.
(R) : An n-type semiconductor is obtained by
doping an intrinsic semiconductor with a
4) Both 'A' and 'R' are false
pentavalent impurity.
1. (A) : Crystalline solids are anisotropic and
9. (A) : Silicon is preferred over germanium for
amorphous solids are isotropic. making semiconductor devices.
(R) : The amorphous solids do not have a (R) : The energy band for germanium is more than
regularity in their external shape. the energy band of silicon.
2. (A) : The crystalline solids have a sharp melting
10. (A) : The probability of electrons to be found in
point. the conduction band ofan intrinsic
(R) : All the bonds between the atoms or semiconductor at a finite temperature
molecules of a crystalline solids are equally decrease exponentially with increasing band
strong, that they get broken at the same gap.
temperature.
(R) : It will be more difficult for the electron to
3. (A) : In an N type semiconductor fermi level cross over the large band gap while going
shifts towards conduction band from valence band to conduction band.
(R) : Donor impurities are present in N-type semi 11. (A) : At 0°K, Germanium is a perfect insulator.
conductor.
(R) : At 0°K, Germanium offers infinite
4. (A) : While temperature of a semi conductor is resistance.
increased its resistance decreases
12. (A) : The number of electrons in a P-type silicon
(R) : The energy gap between conduction band semiconductor is less than the number of
and valency band is very small and on electrons in a pure silicon semiconductor at
heating the electrons can be shifted from room temperature.
valence band to conduction band.
(R) : It is due to law of mass action.
5. (A) : Silicon is preferred to germanium while
13. (A) : C, Si and Ge have same lattice structure,
constructing zener diodes
but C is insulator while Si and Ge are intrin-
(R) : Thermal stabillity and current compatibility sic semiconductors
of silicon is high when compared to those of
(R) : Number of free electrons for conduction in
germanium. Ge and Si are significant but negligibly small
6. (A) : When a donor electron is excited to the for C
Semiconductor devices 73
Physics-IID
14. (A) : The nature of electron motion in a solid is 21. (A) : In the P-N Junction the electric field is
different from that in an isolated atom directed from n-side to p-side
(R) : When the atoms come together to form solid (R) : N type semiconductor consists of the +ve
they are close to each other, so the outer ions and P type semiconductor consists of
orbits of electrons from neigh-bouring atoms the -ve ions.
would come very close or could even overlap 22. (A) : We can measure the potential barrier of a
15. (A) : In intrinsic semiconductor, the free elec-tron p-n junction by putting a sensitive voltmeter
across its terminals.
moves completely independently as
conduction electrons (R) : The current through the p-n junction is not
same in forward and reversed bias.
(R) : The motion of hole in intrinsic semicon-ductor
is only a convenient way of describing the 23. (A) : The direction ofdiffusion current in a jun-
actual motion of bound electrons, when ever ction diode is from p-region to n-region.
there is an empty bond anywhere in the (R) : The majority current carriers diffuse from
crystal a region of higher concentration to a region
of lower concentration.
16. (A) : In intrinsic semiconductor, at equilibrium the
24. (A) : When two semiconductors of p and n type
rate of generation of conduction elec-trons
are brought in contact, they form p-n junction
and holes is equal to the rate of
which act like a rectifier.
recombination of these charge carriers
(R) : A rectifier is used to convert direct current
(R) : In intrinsic semiconductor, the recombi- into alternating current
nation occurs due to an electron colliding
25. (A) : Light Emitting Diode (LED) emit
with a hole
spontaneous radiation.
17. (A) : In extrinsic semiconductor, the size of the (R) : LED are forward-biased p-n junction.
dopant and the host semiconductor atoms
26. (A) : In an unbiased p-n junction under equilibrium
should be nearly the same there is no net current
(R) : In extrinsic semiconductor the dopant has (R) : In an unbiased p-n junction under equilibrium
to be such that it does not distort the original the diffusion current equals the drift current
pure semiconductor lattice
27. (A) : We can not take one slab of p-tye semicon-
18. (A) : In extrinsic semiconductor, the crystal ductor and physically join it to another n-
maintains an over all charge neutrality type semiconductor to set p-n junction
(R) : In extrinsic semiconductor, the change of (R) : When one slab of p-type semiconductor is
additional charge carriers is just equal and physically join to another n-type
opposite to that of the ionised cores in the semiconductor, the junction will behaves as
lattice discontinuity for the flowing charge carriers
19. (A) : In extrinsic semiconductor, the dopant 28. (A) : In case of p-n junction diode under forward
indirectly helps to reduce the intrinsic bias, the applied voltage mostly drops across
concentration of minority carriers the depletion region and the voltage drop
(R) : In extrinsic semiconductor due to the across the p-side and n-side of the junction
abundance of majority current carriers, the in negligible
minority carries produced thermally have (R) : For a p-n junction diode, the resistance of
more chance of meeting majority carriers the depletion region in very high compared
and thus getting destroyed to the resistance of n-side and p-side
20. (A) : N-type semiconductor is electrically negative 29. (A) : In a p-n junction diode, the drift current is
(R) : P-type semiconductor is electrically positive also there under forward bias but it is

Physics-IID
negligible when compared with diffusion 39. (A) : Under normal use of transistors, the emitter
current is forward biased and the Collector is
(R) : In a p-n junction diode, the current under reverse biased. These biasing cannot be
reverse bias is essentially voltage interchanged.
independent up to a critical reverse bias (R) : In transistor emitter is heavily doped, while
voltage (known as break down voltage) doping of collector is intermediate of emitter
30. (A) : Photodiode can be used as a photo-detector and base doping.
to detect optical signals 40. (A) : When the transistor is used in the cut off or
(R) : In a photodiode, it is easier to observe the saturation state, it acts as a switch
change in the current with change in the light (R) : Transistor can be used as an amplifier in
intensity, if a reverse bias in applied active region
31. (A) : In case of light emitting diode, care should 41. (A) : Transistor amplifier (CE-configuration) is
be taken that high reverse voltages do not not a power generating device
appear across them (R) : In CE- transistor amplifier,there is no phase
(R) : The reverse break down voltages of LEDs difference between input and out put signal
are very low, typically around 5V
42. (A) : The advantage of negative feed back is it
32. (A) : Si and GaAs are preferred materials for reduces noise and distortion in an amplifier
solar cells (R) : Transistor can be used as an amplifier and
(R) : Solar cell works on the same principle as oscillator
the photodiode, except that no external bias
43. (A) : NAND and NOR gates are called universal
is applied
gates
33. (A) : p-n junction diode can be used even at ultra
(R) : All simple and complicated gates can be
high frequencies.
implemented by using NAND and NOR
(R) : Capacitative reactance of ap-njunction diode gates.
increases as frequency increases.
44. (A) : NAND or NOR gates are called digital
34. (A) : Zener diode works on a principle of building blocks.
breakdown voltage.
(R) : The repeated use of NAND (or NOR) gates
(R) : Curr ent incr eases suddenly after
can produce all the basic or complicated
breakdown voltage.
gates.
35. (A) : Common emiter mode of a transistor is
45. (A) : NOT gate is also called invertor circuit.
widely used
(R) : Current gain, voltage gain, and power gain (R) : NOT gate inverts the input order.
are maximum in C.E mode of a transistors. 46. (A) : When the temperature of a semiconductor is
36. (A) : n-p-n transistor is faster than p-n-p transistor increased, then its resistance decreases.
(R) : The energy gap between conduction band
(R) : The mobility of electrons is greater than the and valence band is very small.
mobility of holes
47. (A) : Insulators do not allow flow of current through
37. (A) : When the base region of a transistor has themselves.
large width, the collector current decreases
(R) : They have no free charge carriers
(R) : Electron hole combination in base results in
increase of base current 48. (A) : A diode lasers are used as optical sources
38. (A) : A transistor is a voltage operating device. in optical communication.
(R) : A large change in emitter base voltage (R) : Diode lasers consume less energy.
shows small variation in collector current. 49. (A) : The number of electrons in a p-type silicon
Semiconductor devices 75
Physics-IID
semiconductor is less than the number of 6) 1 7) 3 8) 2 9) 3 10) 1

electrons in a pure silicon semiconductor at 11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 1 15) 2
room temperature.
16) 2 17) 1 18) 1 19) 1 20) 4
(R) : It is due to law of mass action.
21) 1 22) 2 23) 1 24) 4 25) 3
50. (A) : Diode lasers are used as optical sources in
optical communication. 26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 2 30) 1
(R) : Diode lasers consume less energy. 31) 1 32) 2 33) 3 34) 2 35) 1
51. (A) : A photocell is called an electric eye. 36) 1 37) 1 38) 4 39) 1 40) 2
(R) : When light is incident on some semicon- 41) 1 42) 2 43) 1 44) 1 45) 1
ductor its electrical resistance is reduced.
46) 1 47) 1 48) 1 49) 1 50) 2
52. (A) : In a common-emitter amplifier, the load
resistance of the output circuit is 1000 times 51) 2 52) 3 53) 3 54) 1 55) 3
the load resistance of the input circuit. If 56) 1 57) 2
  0.98 , then voltage gain is 49 × 103 .

(R) :   (symbols have their usual meaning).
1 
53. (A) : Most amplifiers use common emitter circuit

configuration.
(R) : Its input resistance is comparatively higher.
54. (A) : A pur e semiconductor has negative
temperature coefficient of resistance.
(R) : On raising the temperature, more charge
carriers are released, conductance increase
and resistance decreases.
55. (A) : At a fixed temperature, silicon will have a
minimum conductivity when it has a smaller
acceptor doping.
(R) : The conductivity of an intrinisic semicon-
ductor is slightly higher than that of a lightly
doped p- type
56. (A) : Photodiode and photovoltaic cell are based
on the same principle.
(R) : Both use same method of operations to work.
57. (A) : Transistor can be used as a switch.
(R) : Both linear and non-linear voltage bias
dependence occurs in it.
ANSWERS
1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1

Physics-IID
EXERCISE - IB instruments in hospitals.
Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions 7. (A) : When a mixer in a kitchen is switched on
the sound from a radio in the kitchen gets
nosiy.
(R) : The sparking inside the mixer generates
electromagnetic waves
1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct 8. (A) : Electromagnetic waves are tranverse in
explanation of 'A'. nature.
2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not the correct (R) : The Poynting;s vector which gives the
  
explanation of 'A' power density is given by P  E  B
3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false 9. (A) : We do not feel the pressure when sun shines
4) 'A' is false and 'R' is true on our hand even the energy being absorbed
from the EM waves (Our hands get warm).
1. (A) : Induced electric fields are produced by time
varying magnetic field. (R) : EM waves transfer momentum to our hands
but because speed of light is very large so
(R) : According to faraday’s law
  the momentum transfered is very small.
dB
 E.dl   dt 10. (A) : In microwave oven the energy is not wasted
2. (A) : Charges at rest or uniform motion generate in heating up the vessel.
electromagnetic waves. (R) : The principle of microwave oven is to
(R) : Accelerated charges radiate electro- gener ate micr owave radiation with
magnetic waves. magnetron source of appropriate freque-ncy
in the work space of the oven where we
3. (A) : The tails of comets are always oriented in a
keep food.
direction away from Sun
(R) : Electromagentic waves exert pressure. 11. (A) : Infrared waves are often called heat waves.
(R) : Infrared waves, invole vibrations of
4. (A) : The radiation force on an absorbing surface electrons, atoms or molecules of a
is twice that on a reflecting surface. substance. This increases the internal energy
(R) : The radiation force on a reflecting surface of the substance.
is twice that on an absorbing surface. 12. (A) : Displacement current is a fictitious current
5. (A) : A light beam or a radio beam ofsame and has nothing in common with the
intensity will have same values of E and conduction current.

B (R) : Displacement current was proposed by
(R) : A light beam or a radio beam of same Maxwell only to satisfy Kirchhoff’s junction
rule.
intensity
 will have different values of E and
B 13. (A) : An electric field changing with time gives
rise to a magnetic field and vice – versa.
6. (A) : UV rays are used for sterilizing surgical
instruments in hospitals. (R) : The displacement current is a source of
magnetic field.
(R) : IR rays are used for sterilizing surgical
Electromagnetic waves 295

Physics-IID
14. (A) : Speed of EM wave in a medium depends (R) : Atmosphere absorb X-rays, while visible and
on electrical permittivity and magnetic radiowaves can penetrate it.
permeability of the medium
23. (A) : The small ozone layer on top of the
(R) : E.M wave transport energy in the form of
stratosphere is crucial for human survival.
oscillating electric and magnetic fields
(R) : It absorbs ultraviolet radiations from the sun
15. (A) : E.M. waves can show diffraction effect and prevents it from reaching the earth's
(R) : E.M waves are transverse waves. surface and causing damage to life.
16. (A) : The light can travel in vacuum but sound 24. (A) : A pulsar is a source of radio waves that
cannot do so varies in intensity at regular intervals.
(R) : Light is an electromagnetic wave and sound (R) : A pulsar is a rotating neutron star.
is a mechanical wave (AIIMS 1996, 1998)
17. (A) : Gamma rays are more energetic than 25. (A) : Quasar emits radiowaves more than radio
X-rays galaxy. (AIIMS 2002)
(R) : Gamma rays are of nuclear origin but (R) : Quasar has very small size.
X-rays are pr oduced due to sudden
26. (A) : Dipole oscillations produce electro-magnetic
deceleration of high energy electron while
waves. (AIIMS 2007)
falling on a metal of high atomic number
(R) : Accelerated charge produces electro-
18. (A) : The Earth without its atmosphere would be
magnetic waves.
inhospitably cold.
(R) : All the heat radiated and reflected by earth ANSWERS
would escape in the absence of atmosphere.
1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 4 5) 3
19. (A) : The microwaves are better carriers of
signals than radio waves. 6) 3 7) 1 8) 1 9) 1 10) 1
(R) : The electromagnetic waves do not require 11) 1 12) 4 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1
any medium for propagation. 16) 1 17) 1 18) 1 19) 2 20) 1
20. (A) : The radiation pressure on the Earth due to 21) 3 22) 1 23) 1 24) 1 25) 2
the Sun does not affect the orbital motion of
the Earth. 26) 1
(R) : The radiation pressure on the Earth due to
sun is exceedingly small.
21. (A) : The average magnitude of poynting vector

S is the intensity of electro-magnetic wave.
 
 EB
(R) : Poynting vector is given by S 
2 0
22. (A) : Optical and radiotelescopes are built on the
ground but x-ray astronomy is possible only
from satelltes orbiting the earth.

Sri Chaitanya Senior Physics A & R Questions

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Physics-IIA

EXERCISE-IB transverse waves but only mechanical

74 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

(R) : Velocity of sound is greater in water than in possible.

76 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

(R) : Apparent frequency increases because the ANSWERS

Ray Optics 115

Ray Optics 116

11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2

16) 2 17) 4 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2

21) 4 22) 1 23) 4 24) 3 25) 1

26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 2 30) 3

Ray Optics 117

EXERCISE-IB (R) : Wavelength of red is small among the

proportional to square of amplitude. of wave is proportional to square of distance

78 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

used. (R) : The reflected light cannot be polarized when

80 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

EXERCISE-IB conducting sphere

48 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

neutralised by the ground. field.

Electric Charges and fields 49

50 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

EXERCISE-IB 6. (A) : In bringing an electron towards a proton

Electric potential and capacitance 127

128 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

Electric potential and capacitance 129

EXERCISE-IB 6. (A) : Motion of conduction electrons in electric

74 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

(R) : The error in measuring the unknown

EXERCISE- IB other in same direction then these beams repel

80 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

this region. (R) : Mono-magnetic pole does not exist in nature.

Moving charges and magnetism 81

other. (R) : The whole pipe carrying current can be

82 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

of its coil. than that of galvonameter.

Moving charges and magnetism 83

EXERCISE-IB present in its core.

Magnetism and matter 147

(R) : When we move along with the charge so temperature.

148 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

30. (A) : If one arm of a U-tube containing a dia-

31. (A) : Magnetic susceptibility is a pure number.

32. (A) : The magnetic poles of earth do not coincide

33. (A) : Magnetic field lines are continuous and

34. (A) : A superconductor is a perfect diamag-netic

16) 3 17) 1 18) 1 19) 3 20) 4

21) 3 22) 3 23) 1 24) 1 25) 4

Magnetism and matter 149

EXERCISE-IB in series. This resistance is known as motor

60 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

EXERCISE- IB 7. (A) : An A.C. gener ator is based on the

44 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

EXERCISE-IB metal surface is doubled, the maximum

24 DOCTORS SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Sr. AIIMS Students

extended over a finite region in space. h

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 25

(R) : X-rays can have large wave length 1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3