CWNA-108/9 Objectives Cross Index File to books

Martin Ericson CWNE #148, CWNT

Intro

Objectives

Data used

About Topics

Material from CWNP

Material from Sybex

IMPORTANT NOTES

Notes
ross Index File to books
martin.ericson@gmail.com

When studying for CWNA the amount of topics will overwhelm you. Depending on background skills you may
want to jump some of the topics already known. Studies should be targeting topics that are new for the
student and also those that are difficult to grasp after first reading.

One way is to keep track of the topics known in the objectives list for the exam and the ones that requires
deeper studies.

When reviewing the topics list, keep track of where the corresponding discussion of the topics are find in the
material at hands. For this reason I have created an Excel spreadsheet that link the Objectives to the
corresponding pages in the more common material available fot students.

Feel free to use this spreadsheet as a tool in any way you like to prepare for your exam. Add columns and
markers as you like. Maybe a column for time spent, chapter Q&A results etc.

The following material has been used:

- CWNA 108 and 109 Objectives file
- The Slide deck used by instructors in official CWNA class - listed as slide number
- The Slide deck hands-out to students in class aka known as Class Guide - page number
- The CWNP /Certitrek CWNA 108 Self Study Guide by Tom Carpenter - page number
- The Sybex CWNA Study guide by David Coleman and David Westcott - page number

There is a difference how the topics are laid out acroos the texts. The difference makes it a little difficult to
match the content in the books with the Objectives. The following discusses some observations.

Not all objectives has a corresponding slide. Some objectives has sub-objectives and those are market with a
bullet.
Some text in the Certitrek Study Guide is not covered at all in the Class Guide. There is more room for
discussion in the Study Guide.
The major objectives includes slides that discusses content that are not easy to match to an objective.
For those slides an extra topic has been added to the objectives list and marked with yellow background
color.

The CWNA 108 "Bible" from Sybex covers many additional topics that are valuable to know by a WLAN
engineer. Some of them are objectives in the exam but has a deeper level of content. Some of them are not
part of the exam at all, but are covered anyway. Those topics has been listed in the index with a grey
background color.

The CWNA 108 "Bible" from Sybex uses the CWNA-108 Objectives which to large parts are the same as the
109 Objectives. The major difference in the 109, is the renaming and merging of the 2 last knowledge
domains from 108. PLEASE OBSERVE THAT WHEN READING THE SYBEX BIBLE

There are topics that could not be matched across the sources, those are marked with a hyphen (-). Topics
that are difficult to find in the text are marked with a (?). This topics may also be missed.
ERATA
CWNA-109 Slide deck

CWNA 109 Self Study

Topic Page
Fresnel Zone Calculations 126
CWNP CWNA-108 Exam Objectives September 2017
CWNA-108 Objectives with referencies to pages in Sybex Self Study, Class Student Guide (Slides) and Certitrek Selft Study

1.1 Define and explain the basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior

• Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves
• RF propagation and coverage
• Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering
• Multipath and RF interference
• Gain and loss
• Amplification
• Attenuation
• Absorption
• Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
• Return Loss
• Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)
RF in the Time Domain
RF in the Frequency Domain
Electro Magnetic Waves

1.2 Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement

• Watt and milliwatt
• Decibel (dB)
• dBm and dBi
• Noise floor
• SNR
• RSSI
• dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3
• Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)
Link Budget and SOM
Fade Margin
RF Math Calculation
Receiver Sensitivity

1.3 Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas.

WLAN RF Components and Antenna function
• RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance
• Beamwidths
• Passive gain
• Polarization
• Antenna diversity types
• Radio chains
• Spatial multiplexing (SM)
t • Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)
• Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)
• MIMO
Space Time Block Coding
Sectorized Antennas
Isotropic Radiator
Cyclic Shift Diversity

1.4 Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories available
• Omni-directional antennas
• Semi-directional antennas
• Highly directional antennas
• Reading Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types
• Antenna orientation
• RF cables and connectors
• Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires
Antenna Mounting
Antenna Mounting Accessories
AP Mounting Enclosures
Directional Antenna Arrays
RF Splitter
Amplifiers-Attenuaters

2.1 Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations

• IEEE
• Wi-Fi Alliance
• IETF
• Regulatory domains and agencies
ITU-R
Wired Standards 802.3 RFCs
Wireless Network Types

2.2 Explain and apply the various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions of the IEEE 802.11-2016
standard as amended including supported channel widths, spatial streams, data rates.
• DSSS – 802.11
• HR-DSSS – 802.11b
• OFDM – 802.11a
• ERP – 802.11g
• Wi-Fi 4 - HT – 802.11n
• Wi-Fi 5 - VHT – 802.11ac
• Wi-Fi 6 - HE - 802.11ax
802.11 Amendments
 S1G, DMG, and TVHT
ISM
2,4 GHz Channels
5 GHz U-NII Bands
5 GHz Channels
WiFI 6E &6 GHz
6 GHz Channels
LTE 5 GHz
6 GHz Incumbents

2.3 Understand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)
Basic Type of Modulation ASK. FSK. PSK
• DSSS
• OFDM
• OFDMA and Resource Units
• BPSK
• QPSK
• QAM (16, 64, 256,1024)
Coding Methods and MCS
Co-Location/Co-Channel Interference
Narrowband and Spread Spectrum
Frequncy Hopping
Transmit Spectrum Mask DSSS, OFDM

2.4 Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts

• Primary channels
• Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels
• Throughput vs. data rate
• Bandwidth
• Guard Interval
Dynamic Bandwidth Operation (DBO)
Multi-User (MU) MIMO
Fragmentation

2.5 Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments

2.6 Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically in 2.4
GHz and 5 GHz) bands used by the 802.11 PHYs
• Frequency
• Available channels
• Regulatory power constraints
 • Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
• Transmit Power Control (TPC)
Channel Comparison

2.7 Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks
• Wireless LAN (WLAN) – BSS and ESS
• Wireless bridging
• Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS)
• Wireless Mesh
Personal Basic Service Set WPAN

3.1 Describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set
• Stations (STAs)
Access Points Station and IS
• Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode)
• SSID
• BSSID
• Extended Service Set (ESS)
• IBSS (Ad-Hoc)
• Distribution System (DS)
• Distribution System Media (DSM)
Access Points Modes
Client Station Modes

3.2 Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY

• MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU
• A-MSDU and A-MPDU
• PHY preamble and header

3.3 Identify and explain the MAC frame format

• MAC frame format
• MAC addressing
802.11 Frame Body and Trailer
Beacon Frames

3.4 Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types
• Management
• Control
• Data
Action Frames
3.5 Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN
• Scanning (active and passive)
• Authentication
• Association
• Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication
• Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks
• BSS selection
• Connecting to hidden SSIDs
4-Way Handshake
ACK Block ACK
802.11 State Machine
Basic and Supported Rates
Reassociation
Disassociation, Deauthentication
PS-Poll

3.6 Explain 802.11 channel access methods

CSMA/CD CSMA/CA
• DCF
• EDCA
• RTS/CTS
• CTS-to-Self
• NAV
• Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS)
• Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense
• Hidden node
Backoff Timer
Access Categories
Transmission Queues
WMM
BSS Color

3.7 Explain 802.11 MAC operations

• Roaming
• Power save modes and frame buffering
• Protection mechanisms
HT Operation Modes, VHT Operation Mode Field
Target Wake Time (TWT) (802.11ax)
Channel Width Operation
Dynamic Rate Switching
 Primary and Secondary Coverage

3.8 Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management systems )
• Access Points (APs)
• WLAN controllers
• Wireless network management systems
• Wireless bridge and mesh APs
• Client devices
Client Configuration
Wireless Monitoring Systems
Home WLAN Routers

4.1 Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
• Power Source Equipment
• Powered Device
• Midspan and endpoint PSEs
• Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD
• Power budgets and powered port density
Planning and Deploying PoE

4.2 Define and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wireless
LAN architectures
• Centralized data forwarding
• Distributed data forwarding
• Control, Management and Data planes
• Scalability and availability solutions
• Tunneling, QoS and VLANs
Core, Distribution and Access Layer Forwarding
Controller Based
Cloud-Based Model
Distributed Model, Hybrid
Controller-Less (Autonomous) Model
Remote Offfice Controllers
Enterprise WLAN Routers
Appliction Programming Interface
Split Mac

4.3 Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless

such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security
• Design considerations for data
• Design considerations for voice
• Design considerations for video
 • Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Services (RTLS)
• Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones)
• Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments
• Design considerations for guest access/BYOD
• Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices
RF Channel Planning
DFS Channels
BSSID and ESS Configuration
AP Placement
Channel Selection
40Mhz Channels
Cell Sizing
Single Channel Architecture
WLAN Bridging
Co-Channel Interference

Enterprise Network Extension

Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)
Mobile Offices
Educational/Classroom
Industrial - Warehouse
Healthcare
Retail
Hospitality
Transportation Networks
Law Enforcement Networks
Last-Mile Data Delivery, WISP
Hotspots
Mobile Device Management (MDM)
High density, Stadium
Airtime Consumption
Physical Environment , Walls Antennas and outdoor design

4.4 Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks.

• Band steering
• Dynamic power and channel management features
Load balancing
Dual 5 GHz Radio SDR
6 GHz WLAN Design

4.5 Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network
• DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery
• AirTime Fairness,
 • DNS for address resolution for clients and APs
• Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP)
• VLANs for segmentation
• Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP)
• Access Control Lists for segmentation
• Wired network capacity requirements
Network Acces Control NAC

5.1 Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs
• WEP
• Shared Key authentication
• SSID hiding as a security mechanism
• MAC filtering
• Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP)
• Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)

5.2 Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs
AAA
CIA
Robust Security Network
• Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity
• WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use
• WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1X including connecting to
RADIUS servers and appropriate EAP methods
Per-User PSK (PPSK)
SSO, Saml, Oauth

5.3 Understand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) and
enhancements compared to WPA2
• Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2
• Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3 (e.g.
CCMP, GCMP, AES)
• Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement for legacy
pre-shared key technology
• Understand the purpose of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for public and
guest networks
6 GHz 802.11ax Security Requirements

5.4 Describe common security options and tools used in wireless networks
• Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD)
• Protected management frames 811-819
 • Fast Secure Roaming methods
• Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection
• Protocol and spectrum analyzers
• Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted management HTTPS,
SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)
RBACK
Wireless Security Policies

Wireless Attacks
Rogue Wireless Devices
Peer-to-peer attacks
Eavesdropping
Encryption cracking
KRACK Attakc
KrOOk vulnarbility
Authentication Attacks
MAC Spoofing
Management Interface exploits
Wireless Hijacking
DOS Attacks
Vendor Specific Attacks
Social Engineering

6.1 Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput,
roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation survey
RF Survey Defined
Survey Process
Validation Survey
Legacy AP on a Stick
Predictive design
Hybrid Survey
Document and reports

6.2 Locate and identify sources of RF interference

• Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs.

interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC),
overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity
• Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on the
investigation of airtime and frequency utilization
• Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interference source
or change of wireless channel usage
6.3 Perform application testing to validate WLAN performance
• Network and service availability
• VoIP testing
• Real-time application testing
• Throughput testing
Standard IP Networking tools

6.4 Understand and use the basic features of validation tools

• Use of throughput testers for validation tasks
• Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wireless scanners)
• Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks
• Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasks

7.1 Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs

CWNP Troubleshooting Methodology
• Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks
• Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference
• Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks,roaming
• Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasks
Troubleshoot the OSI Model

7.2 Identify and troubleshoot common wireless issues

System Throughput factors
Lack of Coverge

• Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systems including

LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget, and insufficient
Internet or WAN bandwidth
• Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers
• Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtime utilization
statistics
• Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP, DNS, and
time protocols including using native interface and IP configuration tools (e.g. pings, DNS
lookups, interface configuration)
• Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches
Drivers, PoE and Firmware bugs
Mismatch Power
 Index
and Certitrek Selft Study
CWNP CWNP
Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

29-35 36-43 45-57 25-27, 72-86

47 55 42-45 87-88
39-42 47-50 63-69 89-93
45-46 53-54 80 98-100, 204
36-37 44-46 59-62 101
61-62 74-75 75 101
38 46 76 94-98
43-44 51-52 69-72 88
113 135 72-73 175
113 135 74 176
48,105-106 56, 126-128 77-79 122
49 57 - 102
50 58 - 102
28 35 42-44 71

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

58-59 68-71 88-90 115-117

60- 61 69-74 90-91 117-119
62 75-76 98-101 120-122
69,332 85-86, 102 130
69 85-86 102-104 130,501
67 83 104-106 131,500
63-64 77-80 91-96 124-129
70 87 112 192-193
71-72 88-89 107-110 135-138
71 88-89 111 138
65-66,73 81-82,90 92-94 129-130
68 84 108 122-123

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

75-77 92-94 118 112-114

102-104 121-125 118-123 169-175
81 98 124-125 155-157
80 97 128-129 102
78 95 128 175-176
97-98 116-117 130 176-177
? - 131 362
? - 131 363
 146-147 172-174 132 169, 368-370
? - 133 366
? - 141 177-179, 360-362
? - 133 367
99 118 141 166-167
79 96 127 113
? - - 368

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
ies available 157
84-86 101-103 134-136 158-160
87-88 104-105 137-139 152-154
89-92 106-110 139-140 164-167
82-83 99-100 126-127 150-152
78, 93-94,99,107 129 128-129 161-164, 185
109-112 131-134 148-150 188-189
114-115 136-137 145-146 191-192
107-108 111,129-130 142,147-148 181-183
93 112 147 184-185
94 113 245 183
100-101 119-120 140 167-169
110 132 150 189
- - 143-145 189-190

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
6 7 5 5
10-14 11-1 6 14-15,23-25 8
21-22 27-29 16-22 11-21, 400-402
7-8 8-9 22-23 9-10
9,148 10,175 7-11 5-6
- - 12 6-7
25-26 32-33 30 302-303
151 179 33-35 248-250

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

129 153
119,121,130, 17-18, 143,154 170 42-43
15,119,121,130 17-18, 143,154 171-172 46
15,120,122,131 17-18, 143,155 173 45-
15,121,131 17-18, 143,155 174 48-50
15,121-122,131 17-18, 143,156 175-177 54
16,120,122,133 19,157 178 59-60
17,127,135 20,159 179-180 64, 834-, 864-866
18-20 21-24 26-28 47, 50-54, 55-59
134,136 158,160 180-183 60-62,
- - - 218-219
119 141 193 224-
- - - 220-223
120 142 194- 227-230
- - - 223
127 151 197 232-235
- - - 231
- - - 235-239

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

52,138-140 60,162-165 28-31

51 59 170 208-209
55,141, 65-66,166-167 187 211-213
56,142 65-66 190 838-851
53 61-62 184-186 213
53 61-62 184-186 213
54-55 63-64 186-189 213-214, 384-387, 862
143-144 169-170 190-192 208, 212, 394-399
145 171 194 516-519
51 59 - 202-203
51 59 - 205-207
331 383 502-503 210, 216-217

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

226 267 329- 376-381

123-125 145-146 194, 355, 358 226-227
137 161 198 201-202
? ? 193 872
192 225-226 289-290 382-383, 863
125 147-148 329 ?
147 174 132 371,851-855
193 227 291 314

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
128 152 158-168 21-22, 299

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

117-118 139-140 183-184 224-230

119-120,127 141-142,151 193-195, 197 225,227
148 175 193- 5,
149 176-177 195-196 332, 521-526
150 178 197 322
126 149-150 - -

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

151-153 179-182 200-204 250, 255-262

151 179 210-214 267
152 180 202 262-264
152 180 253 264-265
151 179 - 264

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

? ? 199 251-252
- - - 252
152 180 200 255-258
153 181 205 256
153 181 205 258-260
152-153 180-181 203 261-
152 180 202 262
153 181 206 253
153 181 206 254
- 180 201, 203-205, 229-2267
152 - - 269

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

128,190 152,221-222 284-285 300-302

191 223-224 285-286 390-392
200-203 235-238 291-293 302

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

189,194 220,228 293-300 302-307,311-312

195 229 301 307-313
189, 194 220, 228 293-300 315-316
196 230-231 303-304 318-320

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

233 275 302-303 318-332

233 275 302 333-341
233 275 303 341-344
- - - 331
Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

204 239 303-304,308 320-322

197 232 305 325-
198 233 306 327-328
? ? 309 325-326
24-25, 206 31-32, 242-243 310- 746-749.738-741,
208 246 312 ?
? ? 408 735
207 244 311 700, 752-753
199 234 307 333-335, 392
205 240-241 309 317, 328
? ? ? 328
205 240 309 329
205 240 309 331
229 270 334 335

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
Ch 8 Ch 8
210-212 248-249 320 276-278
212,218 250, 257 320-321 278-280
218 258-259 326- 286-288
224-225 265-266 331-333 338
224 265 332
214 252 323-324 280-282
215 253-254 287-288 285-286
213 251-252 322-323 279-281
224,334 265, 386 505 641645
216 255-256 323-325 283-284
219 260 326 288
220 261 327 287
221 262 326 288-289
222 222 333 855-860

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

154, 242, 300 284 208-210 505-507

229-230 270-272 334-336 344-349, 392
222,223,301 263-264 331 338-341, 399-400
227-228 268-269 330-331 388-389
231 273 336 861-862
226 267 329 ?
144 170 192 503
- - - 508-509

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

156-160 184-189 222-245 423-425

158,164,167,237 187, 193-194 247-252 427-431
161 190 226-227 425-427
163,168-171 192, 198-201 253-255 438-441
173-178 203-209 262-272 412-420
179-183 210-214 273-275 418-421
162 191 497-498 425-
172 202 ? ?

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
464
23, 184 30,215 256 469-470
184 215 256 467-469
186 217 256-258 470-483
185 216 259-260 469
187 218 257 484-490
- - - 484-490

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

166,234 196,276 344 431

166,236 196,278 345 432
165,233 195,275 345 421-423
238 280 347-358 ?
239-241 281,282-283 345,387 260, 428,431,
235 277 31-33 23-24
237 279 345-348 428
243 285 349 445-448
244 286 350 434-436
245 287 351-354 423-425
167 197 254-255 433
- - - 437
- - - 448-451
237 279 - 430

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

253, 267 295 382 547-548, 861

267 311 383 443-444, 548, 862
267 311 383 862
267 311 383 441-442, 863-864
268 312 383 865
261 304-305 381 534-539
269 313 383-384 780-797,798-811
? ? 384 ?
246 288 355 512-513, 519-521
120 142 195 521-526
247 289 355 259-260, 267, 531-
248 290 357 505-508
249 291 358 512-513, 519-521
120 143 192 527-529
250 292 356- 508
247 289 359-365 531-534
265 309 375 867
251 293 459, 500 516-519

254 296 372 896

255 297 376-377 888, 890
256 298 377 889
257 299 377 583, 891
258 300 378 584, 892
259 301-302 378 583, 894
- - - 584, 892-893
260 303-305 381 -
262 306 380 897
263 307 379 898
264 308 376 888-899
266,275-276 310,320-321 380, 384 811-819, 895-896
270 314-315 385 780-797
261 304 381-382 897
- - - 543-546
248 290 356 557-563

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

273 318 384 539-542

272 317 385 529-531
? ? ? 542-
? ? ? 548-551
- - - 551-556

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

277 322 385 667-671

274 319 384 290-291
277 322 387 677
277 322 387 ?
278 323 387 763-765
278 323 388 746-747,
278 323 387 870
279 324 388 303, 868
271 316 385 818-823

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
729-
283 328 402-406 731-734
283 328 406-407 731
284 329-330 408 735-736
284 329-330 408 735
283 328 409 755
284 329 411 17-18,

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

281 326 397-400 728, 820

282 327 400-402 726, 754-757
285 331 411 736-738
285 331 411 727,
286 332 412 738-740

26, 287-292 33,333,-338 413-426 746-753, 821

297 344 426 741-742
- - - 822-824

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

293 339 443 757-762

293 339 444 756-757

294 340-341 444 743-745

295 342 445 761-762

296 343 446 762

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

298-299 345-346 427-428 811-819

301 348 428 757
300 347 429 509
302 349 436 706-711
303 350 438-439 712

304-307 351-354 440-443 451-456, 678, 768-770

- - - 765
- - - 712-716

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page
688-
- - - 689-691
- - - 692
- - - 693-697
- - - 697
- - - 698
- - - 698
- - - 699-700
- - - 701
- - - 701
- - - 702-703
- - - 703-705
- - - 705
- - - 706

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

311-313 359-363 456

309 357 454 572
310 358 454 573-582
312 361 456 599
- - 455 585
319 370 456 597
- - 456 595
313 363 459 609-614

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

316,330,331 382-383 459 639-648

314 364 460 630-633

315 365 461 ?

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

317 367-368 462 ?

317 367-368 462 ?
317 367-368 462 ?
317 367-368 463 601
317 491-495 677

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

318 369 463 675-676

319 370 465 590-595, 604-609
320 371 467 602
321 372 468 586-590

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

323 374-375 478-484 623-624

324-325 376-377 488-489 673-674
326 378 490 672
327-328 379-380 490- 661-665
? ? ? 671-672
125 152 ? 625-626

Slide # Class Guide page Self Study page Sybex 108 page

329 381 485-488,499 202, 601-602

335 387 506 564-576, 590-595

329, 336 388 505 868-870

333 385 504- 629-633

325, 332 384 504 636-639. 665-667

337-338 389-391 508-509 667-671

337 389-340 507 648-661
337 389-340 508 634-636
337 389-340 508 646-647
CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Objectives September 2023
CWNA-109 Objectives with referencies to pages in Sybex Self Study, Class Student Guide (Slides) and Certitrek Selft Stud

1. Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies – 15%

1.1 Define and explain the basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior
1.1.1 • Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves
1.1.2 • RF propagation and coverage
1.1.3 • Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering
1.1.4 • Multipath and RF interference
1.1.5 • Gain and loss
1.1.6 • Amplification
1.1.7 • Attenuation
1.1.8 • Absorption
1.1.9 • Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
1.1.10 • Return Loss
1.1.11 • Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)
RF in the Time Domain
RF in the Frequency Domain
Electro Magnetic Waves

1.2 Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement

1.2.1 • Watt and milliwatt
1.2.2 • Decibel (dB)
1.2.3 • dBm and dBi
1.2.4 • Noise floor
1.2.5 • SNR
1.2.6 • RSSI
1.2.7 • dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3
1.2.8 • Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)
Link Budget and SOM
Fade Margin
RF Math Calculation
Receiver Sensitivity
Offline RF Calculators

1.3 Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas.

WLAN RF Components and Antenna function
1.3.1 • RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance
1.3.2 • Beamwidths
1.3.3 • Passive gain
1.3.4 • Polarization
1.3.5 • Antenna diversity types
1.3.6 • Radio chains
• Spatial multiplexing (SM)
• Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)
• Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)
 1.3.7 • MIMO
Multi-User (MU) MIMO
Space Time Block Coding

Isotropic Radiator
Cyclic Shift Diversity

1.4 Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories available
1.4.1 • Omni-directional antennas
1.4.2 • Semi-directional antennas
1.4.3 • Highly directional antennas
1.4.4 • Reading Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types
1.4.5 • Antenna orientation
1.4.6 • RF cables and connectors
1.4.7 • Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires
1.4.8 Antenna Mounting
1.4.8 Antenna Mounting Accessories
1.4.8 AP Mounting Enclosures
N/A Directional Antenna Arrays
N/A RF Splitter
N/A Amplifiers-Attenuaters

2. WLAN Regulations and Standards – 20%

2.1 Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations
2.1.1 • IEEE
2.1.2 • Wi-Fi Alliance
2.1.3 • IETF
2.1.4 • Regulatory domains and agencies
N/A ITU-R
2.1.3 Wired Standards 802.3 RFCs

Wireless Network Types

2.2 Explain and apply the various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions of the IEEE 802.11-2016
standard as amended including supported channel widths, spatial streams, data rates.
2.2.1 • DSSS – 802.11
2.2.2 • HR-DSSS – 802.11b
2.2.3 • OFDM – 802.11a
2.2.4 • ERP – 802.11g
2.2.5 • Wi-Fi 4 - HT – 802.11n
2.2.6 • Wi-Fi 5 - VHT – 802.11ac
2.2.7 • Wi-Fi 6 - HE - 802.11ax
2.2.8 • Wi-Fi 6E - HE - 802.11ax 6GHz
802.11 Amendments
S1G, DMG, and TVHT
 ISM
2,4 GHz Channels
5 GHz U-NII Bands
5 GHz Channels
WiFI 6E &6 GHz
6 GHz Channels
LTE 5 GHz
6 GHz Incumbents

2.3 Understand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)
Basic Type of Modulation ASK. FSK. PSK
2.3.1 • DSSS
2.3.2 • OFDM
2.3.3 • OFDMA and Resource Units
2.3.4 • BPSK
2.3.5 • QPSK
2.3.6 • QAM (16, 64, 256,1024)
Coding Methods and MCS
Co-Location/Co-Channel Interference
Narrowband and Spread Spectrum
Frequncy Hopping
Transmit Spectrum Mask DSSS, OFDM

2.4 Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts

2.4.1 • Primary channels
2.4.2 • OBSS
2.4.3 • Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels
2.4.4 • Throughput vs. data rate
2.4.5 • Bandwidth
2.4.6 • Guard Interval
Dynamic Bandwidth Operation (DBO)
Multi-User (MU) MIMO
DL-UL OFDMA
N/A Fragmentation

2.5 Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments

2.6 Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically in 2.4
GHz and 5 GHz) bands used by the 802.11 PHYs
2.6.1 • Frequency
2.6.2 • Available channels
2.6.3 • Regulatory power constraints
2.6.4 Indoor, outdoor deployments and implementation variants
2.6.5 • Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
 2.6.6 • Transmit Power Control (TPC)
Channel Comparison

2.7 Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks
2.7.1 • Wireless LAN (WLAN) – BSS and ESS
2.7.2 • Wireless bridging
2.7.3 • Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS)
2.7.4 • Wireless Mesh
Personal Basic Service Set WPAN

3. WLAN Protocols and Devices – 20%

3.1 Describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set
2.1.1 • Stations (STAs)
Access Points Station and IS
2.1.2 • Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode)
2.1.3 • SSID
2.1.4 • BSSID
2.1.5 • Extended Service Set (ESS)
2.1.6 • IBSS (Ad-Hoc)
2.1.7 • Distribution System (DS)
2.1.8 • Distribution System Media (DSM)

3.2 Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY

3.2.1 • MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU
3.2.2 • A-MSDU and A-MPDU
3.2.3 • PHY preamble and header

3.3 Identify and explain the MAC frame format

3.3.1 • MAC frame format
3.3.2 • MAC addressing
802.11 Frame Body and Trailer
Beacon Frames

3.4 Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types
3.4.1 • Management
3.4.2 • Control
3.4.3 • Data
Action Frames

3.5 Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN

3.5.1 • Scanning (active and passive)
3.5.2 • 802.11 Authentication
3.5.3 • 802.11 Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication
 3.5.4 • 802.11 Association
3.5.5 • BSS selection
3.5.6 • Connecting to hidden SSIDs

• Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks

4-Way Handshake
ACK Block ACK
802.11 State Machine
Basic and Supported Rates
Reassociation
Disassociation, Deauthentication

3.6 Explain 802.11 channel access methods

CSMA/CD CSMA/CA
3.6.1 • DCF
3.6.2 • EDCA
3.6.3 • RTS/CTS
3.6.4 • CTS-to-Self
3.6.5 • NAV
3.6.6 • Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS)
3.6.7 • Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense

Backoff Timer
Access Categories
Transmission Queues
WMM
BSS Color

3.7 Explain 802.11 MAC operations

3.7.1 • Roaming
3.7.2 • Power save modes and frame buffering
3.7.3 • Protection mechanisms
HT Operation Modes, VHT Operation Mode Field
Target Wake Time (TWT) (802.11ax)
Channel Width Operation
Dynamic Rate Switching
Primary and Secondary Coverage
PS-Poll

3.8 Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management systems )
3.8.1 • Access Points (APs)
3.8.2 • WLAN controllers
3.8.3 • Wireless network management systems
3.8.4 • Wireless bridge and mesh APs
3.8.5 • Client devices
Client Configuration
 Wireless Monitoring Systems
Home WLAN Routers

4. WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts– 15%

4.1 Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
4.1.1 • Power Source Equipment
4.1.2 • Powered Device
4.1.3 • Midspan and endpoint PSEs
4.1.4 • Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD
4.1.5 • Power budgets and powered port density
Planning and Deploying PoE

4.2 Define and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wireless
LAN architectures
4.2.1 • Centralized data forwarding
4.2.2 • Distributed data forwarding
4.2.3 • Control, Management and Data planes
4.2.4 • Scalability and availability solutions
4.2.5 • Tunneling, QoS and VLANs
Core, Distribution and Access Layer Forwarding
Controller Based
Cloud-Based Model
Distributed Model, Hybrid
Controller-Less (Autonomous) Model
Remote Offfice Controllers
Enterprise WLAN Routers
Appliction Programming Interface
Split Mac

4.3 Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless

such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security
4.3.1 • Design considerations for data
-"- • Design considerations for voice
-"- • Design considerations for video
4.3.2 • Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Services (RTLS)
-"- • Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones)
-"- • Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments
-"- • Design considerations for guest access/BYOD
4.3.3 • Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices
RF Channel Planning
DFS Channels
BSSID and ESS Configuration
AP Placement
Channel Selection
40Mhz Channels
Cell Sizing
Single Channel Architecture
 WLAN Bridging
Co-Channel Interference
Corporate Data Access
Enterprise Network Extension
Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)
Mobile Offices
Educational/Classroom
Industrial - Warehouse
Healthcare
Retail
Hospitality
Transportation Networks
Law Enforcement Networks
Last-Mile Data Delivery, WISP
Hotspots
Mobile Device Management (MDM)
High density, Stadium
Airtime Consumption
Physical Environment , Walls Antennas and outdoor design

4.4 Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks.

4.4.1 • AirTime Fairness,
4.4.2 • Band steering
4.4.3 • Dynamic power and channel management features
4.4.4 • Internal Wireless architecture communication
Load balancing
Dual 5 GHz Radio SDR
6 GHz WLAN Design

4.5 Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network
4.5.1 • DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery
4.5.2 • DNS for address resolution for clients and APs
4.5.3 • Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP)
4.5.4 • VLANs for segmentation
4.5.5 • Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP)
4.5.6 • Access Control Lists for segmentation
4.5.7 • Wired network capacity requirements
Network Acces Control NAC

5. WLAN Network Security – 10%

5.1 Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs
5.1.1 • WEP
5.1.2 • Shared Key authentication
5.1.3 • SSID hiding as a security mechanism
5.1.4 • MAC filtering
5.1.5 • Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP)
 N/A • Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)

5.2 Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs
AAA
CIA
Robust Security Network
5.2.1 • Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity
5.2.2 • WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use
• WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1X including connecting to
5.2.3
RADIUS servers and appropriate EAP methods
Per-User PSK (PPSK)
SSO, Saml, Oauth

5.3 Understand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) and
enhancements compared to WPA2
5.3.1 • Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2
• Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3 (e.g.
5.3.2 CCMP, GCMP, AES)
• Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement for legacy
5.3.3 pre-shared key technology
5.3.4 • Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for public and guest networks
6 GHz 802.11ax Security Requirements

5.4 Describe common security options and tools used in wireless networks
5.4.1 • Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD)
5.4.2 • Protected management frames 811-819
5.4.3 • Fast Secure Roaming methods
5.4.4 • Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection
5.4.5 • Protocol and spectrum analyzers
• Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted management HTTPS,
5.4.6
SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)
RBACK
Wireless Security Policies

Wireless Attacks
Rogue Wireless Devices
Peer-to-peer attacks
Eavesdropping
Encryption cracking
KRACK Attakc
KrOOk vulnarbility
Authentication Attacks
MAC Spoofing
Management Interface exploits
 Wireless Hijacking
DOS Attacks
Vendor Specific Attacks
Social Engineering

6. RF Validation and WLAN remediation– 10%

6.1 Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput,
roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation survey
RF Survey Defined
Survey Process
Validation Survey
Legacy AP on a Stick
Predictive design
Hybrid Survey
Document and reports

6.2 Locate and identify sources of RF interference

• Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs.

6.2.1 interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC),
overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity
• Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on the
6.2.2
investigation of airtime and frequency utilization
• Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interference source
6.2.3
or change of wireless channel usage

6.3 Perform application testing to validate WLAN performance

6.3.1 • Network and service availability
6.3.2 • VoIP testing
6.3.3 • Real-time application testing
6.3.4 • Throughput testing
Standard IP Networking tools

6.4 Understand and use the basic features of validation tools

6.4.1 • Use of throughput testers for validation tasks
6.4.2 • Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wireless scanners)
6.4.3 • Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks
6.4.4 • Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasks

6.5 Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs

CWNP Troubleshooting Methodology
6.5.1 • Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks
6.5.2 • Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference
6.5.3 • Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks,roaming
6.5.4 • Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasks
 Troubleshoot the OSI Model

6.6 Identify and troubleshoot common wireless issues

System Throughput factors
Lack of Coverge

• Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systems including

6.6.1 LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget, and insufficient
Internet or WAN bandwidth
6.6.2 • Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers
• Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtime utilization
6.6.3
statistics
• Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP, DNS, and
6.6.4 time protocols including using native interface and IP configuration tools (e.g. pings, DNS
lookups, interface configuration)
6.6.5 • Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches
6.6.6 • Identify hidden node issues

Drivers, PoE and Firmware bugs

Mismatch Power
 Index
de (Slides) and Certitrek Selft Study
Slide # 109 Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

34
28-34 36-44 25-27, 72-86
47 59 87-88
38-41 48-51 89-93
44,46 54-55, 58 98-100, 204
25-36 45-46 101
65 74-75 101
37 47 94-98
42-43 52-53 88
113 137 175
113 137 176
48,106-107 60, 129-131 122
49 61 102
50 62 102
26-27 35-36 71

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

61 76
62 77-80 115-117
62-63 81-82 117-119
62, 64,66 80-81, 84-85 120-122
69,323 92-93 130
72 92-93 130,501
70 90 131,500
67-68 86-88 124-129
73 94 192-193
74 95-96 135-138
75 96 138
68-69 89 129-130
71 91 122-123
76 97

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

78-80 99-101 112-114

103-105 124-128 169-175
84 105-107 155-157
83 104 102
81 102 175-176
100-101 121-122 176-177
362
- 363
139-140 166-167 169, 368-370
- 366
 122 177-179, 360-362
140 168 371,851-855
- 367

82 103 113
- 368

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

ies available 157
87-89 108-110 158-160
90-91 111-112 152-154
92-95 113-116 164-167
85-86 99-100, 108, 111, 113 150-152
108 132 161-164, 185
110-112 134-136 188-189
114-115 138-139 191-192
96,102 117, 181-183
97 118 184-185
98 119 183
167-169
189
- - 189-190

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

3-4 4-5 5
8-11 8-14 8
19-20 27-29 11-21, 400-402
5-6 6-7 9-10
7 8,175 5-6
- - 6-7
22-24 32-33 302-303

151 179 248-250

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

116 153
119,121,130, 17-20, 141, 156, 42-43
13,119,121,130 17-20, 141, 156 46
13,120,122,131 17-20, 141, 157 45-
13,121,131 17-20, 141, 157 48-50
13,121-122,131 17-20, 141, 158 54
14,120,122,133 19, 141, 159 59-60
15,127,135 20,141, 159, 161 64, 834-, 864-866
15
16-18 21-26 47, 50-54, 55-59
134,136 160,162 60-62,
- - 218-219
119,121 143, 145 224-
- - 220-223
120,122 144, 146 227-230
- - 223
127 153 232-235
- - 231
- - 235-239

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

52 64,162-165 28-31
51 63 208-209
56 69-70,166-167 211-213
57-58 71-73 838-851
53 65-66 213
53 65-66 213
54-55 67-68 213-214, 384-387, 862
59-60 74-75 208, 212, 394-399
138 165 516-519
51 63 202-203
51 63 205-207
136 383 210, 216-217

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

220 267 376-381

123-124 147-148 226-227

137 163-164 201-202
? ? 872
45 56-57 382-383, 863
125 149-150 ?
140 168 371,851-855
141-142 169-170 ?
187 221 314

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

128 154 21-22, 299

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

171
117-118 141-142 224-230
119-120,127 143-146, 153 225,227
143 175 5,

144 172-173 332, 521-526

145 174 322
126 151-152 -

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

147-149 175-177 250, 255-262

143, 163-166 175 267
147 175 262-264
146, 158 175 264-265
147 175 264

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

150
? ? 251-252
- 180 267-269
148 176 255-258
148 176 256
148 176 258-260
149 176, 177-178 261-
147 176 262
148 177 253
148 177 254

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

128,185 152, 217-218 300-302

186 219-220 390-392
184, 194-197 229-232 302

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

188,194 216, 222 302-307,311-312

189 223 307-313
184 216, 228 315-316
196 224-225 318-320

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

275 318-332
275 333-341
275 341-344
- - 331

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

198 233 320-322

191 226 325-
275 ? 325-326
192 227 327-328
202 239 ?
? ? 735

22-23, 200 31-32, 236-237 746-749.738-741,

201 238 700, 752-753
193 228 333-335, 392
199 234-235 317, 328
? ? 328
199 234 329
199 234 331

Ch 8
205 242 276-278
206, 210-211 243, 250 278-280
212 251-252 286-288
218-219 256-259 338
219 265
208 252 280-282
209 246-247 285-286
207 244-245 279-281

210 248-249 283-284

213 253 288
214 254 287
215 255 288-289
216 256 855-860

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

149, 235, 292 276 505-507

223-224 263-264 344-349, 392
222,223,301 256 338-341, 399-400
217, 221-222 261-262 388-389
225 266 861-862
220 260 ?
71 170 503
240- - 508-509
223 263 335

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

151-155 180-186 423-425

153,159,162,229-232 183, 189-190 427-431
156 186 425-427
163-166,158 187, 194-197 438-441
168-173 199-205 412-420
174-178 206-210 418-421
157 187 425-
167 198 ?

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

464
21, 179 30,211 469-470
179 211 467-469
181 213 470-483
180 212 469
182 214 484-490
- - 484-490

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

161,227 192,267 431

161,229 192,270 432
160,228 191 421-423
231 272 ?
232-234 273-275Äp 260, 428,431,
228 269 23-24
237 276, 279 428
236 277 445-448
184, 286 434-436
237 278 423-425
162 193 433
- - 437
- - 448-451
230 271 430

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

259, 302 547-548, 861

259 311 443-444, 548, 862
259 311 862
259 311 441-442, 863-864
260 303 865
253, 261 534-539
261 304-306, 336 780-797,798-811
? ? ?
238 279 512-513, 519-521
120 144 521-526
239 280 259-260, 267, 531-
240 281 505-508
241 282 512-513, 519-521
120 143 527-529
242 283 508
247 289 531-534
257 300 867
138 ,243,321 284 516-519
245 286
246 287 896
247 288 888, 890
248 289 889
249 290 583, 891
250 291 584, 892
251 292-293 583, 894
- - 584, 892-893
252 294-295 -
254 297 897
255 298 898
255 299 888-899
258,267-268 300,311-312 811-819, 895-896
262 314-315 780-797
261 295-296 897
266 - 543-546
248 290 557-563

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

266 310 290-291

265 309 539-542
264 308 529-531
?
? ? 542-
? ? 548-551
- - 551-556

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

269 313 667-671

269 313 677
269 313 ?
270 314 763-765
270 314 746-747,
270 314 870
271 dx 303, 868
263 307 818-823

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

729-
283 319 731-734
283 319 731
284 320-321 735-736
284 320-321 735
283 319 755
284 320-321 17-18,

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

273 317 728, 820

274 318 726, 754-757
277 322 736-738
277 322 727,
278 323 738-740

31-32, 279-284 33,324-329 746-753, 821

289 335 741-742
- - 822-824

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

285 330 757-762

285 330 756-757

286 331-332 743-745

287 333 761-762
288 334 762

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

294 337, 811-819

293 339 757
292 338 509
294 340 706-711
295 341 712

296-299 342-345 451-456, 678, 768-770

- - 765
- - 712-716

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

688-
- - 689-691
- - 692
- - 693-697
- - 697
- - 698
- - 698
- - 699-700
- - 701
- - 701
- - 702-703
- - 703-705
- - 705
- - 706

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

302-304 359-363
301 347-348 572
301 348-350 573-582
351 599
- - 585
310 370 597
- - 595
304 352 609-614

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

305-306, 321-322 382-383 639-648

307 353, 355 630-633

306, 324 354 ?

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

308
308 356-357 ?
308 356-357 ?
308 356-357 ?
309 356-357 601
317 677

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

309 358 675-676

310 359 590-595, 604-609
311 360 602
312 361 586-590

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

314 363-364 623-624

315-316 365-366 673-674
317 367 672
318-319 368-369 661-665
? ? 671-672
125 154 625-626

Slide # Class Guide page Sybex 108 page

320 381 202, 601-602

326 376 564-576, 590-595

320 377 868-870

317 374, 385 629-633

316 373 636-639. 665-667

329 380 667-671

328 389-340 648-661
325 265, 375 641645

328 377 634-636

377 646-647