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    Tensile Testing Lab

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    ummehabibamalik963

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    Tensile Testing Lab

    Uploaded by

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    4 views10 pages

    Tensile Testing Lab

    Uploaded by

    ummehabibamalik963

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 10

    Tensile Testing

    Lab no.10

    Areeb Ahmed
    Material Engineer, FMCE
    1. INTRODUCTION

     Tensile properties indicate how the material will react to forces being
    applied in tension.

     A specimen is deformed, usually to fracture, with a gradually increasing


    tensile load that is applied uniaxially along the long axis of a specimen.

     The tensile testing machine is designed to elongate the specimen at a


    constant rate, and to continuously and simultaneously measure the
    instantaneous applied load (with a load cell) and the resulting elongations
    (using an extensometer).

     The output of such a tensile test is recorded (usually on a computer) as


    load or force versus elongation.

     Tensile tests are used to determine the modulus of elasticity, elastic limit,
    elongation, proportional limit, reduction in area, tensile strength, yield
    point, yield strength and other tensile properties.
    2. STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR
    Elastic Deformation
     For most metals that are stressed in tension and at relatively low levels, stress
    and strain are proportional to each other through the relationship

     This is known as Hooke’s law, and the constant of proportionality E (GPa or


    psi) is the modulus of elasticity, or Young’s modulus.

     Deformation in which stress and strain are proportional is called elastic


    deformation; a plot of stress (ordinate) versus strain (abscissa) results in a
    linear relationship

     The slope of this linear segment corresponds to the


    modulus of elasticity E

     Elastic deformation is nonpermanent, which means that


    when the applied load is released, the piece returns to its
    original shape
    2. STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR
    Plastic Deformation
     For most metallic materials, elastic deformation persists only to strains of
    about 0.005.

     As the material is deformed beyond this point (proportional limit), the stress is
    no longer proportional to strain (Hooke’s law ceases to be valid), and
    permanent, no recoverable, or plastic deformation occurs.
    2. STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR
    Yield Strength
     The yield strength is defined as the stress required to produce a small,
    amount of plastic deformation
     To determine the yield strength using this offset, the point is found on the
    strain axis (x-axis) of 0.002, and then a line parallel to the stress-strain line is
    drawn.
     This line will intersect the stress-strain line slightly after it begins to curve, and
    that intersection is defined as the yield strength with a 0.2% offset.

    Ultimate Tensile Strength


     The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) or, more simply, the tensile strength, is the
    maximum engineering stress level reached in a tension test.

    Measures of Ductility (Elongation and Reduction of Area)


    The ductility of a material is a measure of the extent to which a material will
    deform before fracture. The conventional measures of ductility are the
    engineering strain at fracture (usually called the elongation ) and the reduction
    of area at fracture
    Typical Stress Strain Graph for Metals
    Two types of Stress-Strain Curves??
    TENSILE TESTING STANDARDS
    ASTM E8/E8M-11
    Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

    ASTM D638 – 10
    Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics

    Benefits of Tensile Testing


    The data produced in a tensile test can be used in many ways
    including:
     To determine batch quality
     To determine consistency in manufacture
     To aid in the design process
     To reduce material costs and achieve lean manufacturing goals
     To ensure compliance with international and industry standards
    Applications of Tensile Testing
     Tensile testing is used to guarantee the quality of components,
    materials and finished products within a wide range industries.
     Aerospace Industry
     Automotive Industry
     Beverage Industry
     Construction Industry Electrical and Electronics Industry Medical
    Device Industry

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