Ee 310

STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING
ANDHRA PRADESH :: VIJAYAWADA
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
III SEMESTER
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS LAB (EE-310)
MANUAL (AS PER C-20 CURRICULUM)
SBTET, AP
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Curriculum of Technical Education should invariably provide for knowledge, attitudes and
skills required by the technicians /technologists in the country. In this context the laboratory courses
form a vital portion in the entire curriculum of technician education. The laboratory courses shall
therefore be so designed and delivered that they help the students acquire attitudes a nd motor skills
that are essential to function effectively as technicians/technologists.
The planning, organization and implementation of lab courses need a detailed description of
tasks to be performed by the students. Well thought out instructional objectives to a large extent give
these descriptions. The analysis of tasks (by identifying the activities the students are expected to do)
help prepare the objectives meticulously. In other words the objectives would be clearer, when the
task analysis is done to spell out the sub tasks for each objective.
A survey of the practices currently followed in the technical/technician education shows an

urgent need to plug in gaps in instructional procedures. The reasons for these gaps are ambiguity in
the minds of the teachers regarding tasks to be performed, levels of competency to be achieved by
the students and the weightage to be allocated for each task. This aids in scientific design of
instructional plan (optimizing the resources, budgeting the time & content).
The task analysis, teaching points and the structured scheme of evaluation are very important
in focusing the instruction on specific skill of desired outcome and in evaluating the same. The
Instruction and evaluation in Laboratory courses are different from that of cognitive lessons in the
sense that adequate importance and hence weightage needs to be given for all three domains of
learning viz. cognitive, psychomotor and affective. Since both training and evaluation of traits of
affective domain are practically difficult, a few traits (called values) most relevant and essential to
occupations/professions after the Course may be identified for the purpose. It is imperative to
integrate these values during instruction and evaluation and also overtly notify the same to the
students.
A technician, in addition to performing a skill needs to prepare a report of testing that includes
the description of procedure, details of measurements made, reasoning based inferences and so on.,.
The current practice of record writing has failed to achieve this purpose as most of the time students
end up with making copies of available material.
Therefore, for sensitizing the need for the changes in laboratory instruction, the present hand
book has been prepared to meet the above requirements. As such the hand book comprises four
parts that intend to :
SBTET, AP
 Present task analysis, teaching points which can be used for effective design of instruction
 Provide a scheme of evaluation with rationally allocated weightage to each significant skill
component
 Offer a set of questions designed at different levels of competencies for assessment enabling
the teacher to set the question paper with balanced levels of competencies
 Present pre set worksheets that cultivate the habit of systematic recording of observations
and writing the technical report.
 Provide all important data related to particular laboratory activity at one point in the form of
annexure
1.1. STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK
The hand book is presented in four parts viz., Laboratory sheets, Worksheet, Experimental
Methodology and Annexure. The description of each part is given in the following sections
Part I. Laboratory Sheet
The information provided in this part is useful for the teacher for designing the
instruction, planning & organization of the experiment and for scientific evaluation of the
students. The major features of the Laboratory sheet are further explained below.
1. Objective
It indicates the Task to be performed and completed by the student during the
specified duration of time.
2. Task Analysis
It is the process of identifying the component activities (sub tasks) to be

carried out by the student in order to achieve the stipulated objective. As the task
analysis aim at fitting the instructional objectives into various classes of behaviour, it
would help the teacher to determine any particular type of behaviour the student has
learnt / failed to perform.
The task analysis would help the teacher in identifying the specific activities
to be performed by the students. This could also be used as some kind of check list
to compare with activities planned for the laboratory. Further it would give clue to the
teacher to make students think originally & act independently. It includes both
psychomotor learning and the related cognitive information and hence the task
analysis is presented as Knowledge and skill parts.
A. Knowledge Part: That includes the cognitive aspects of the task.
B. Skill Part: That includes Psychomotor & Affective aspects of the task.
SBTET, AP
3. Teaching Points:
This includes the points based on the SKILL identified with suggested
duration for each point and total duration which helps the teacher for the time and
content budgeting during instruction.
4. Need and Scope:
The purpose, application and scope of the task to be performed are normally
included in this sub section.
5. Planning and Organisation:
It lists actions to be taken to perform various activities and hence useful in

planning the instruction and organizing the resources and equipment
6. Scheme of Valuation:
The information provided in this section helps the teacher to devise a tool for
rational measurement assessment of the competencies accomplished by the student.
Part II. Work Sheet
It is designed for the student, where in the student enters his personal data of
identification, details of the experiment, stepwise procedure, observations made during
experiment, a sample calculation, free hand typical graph, graph from experimental data and
inference with discussion.
Part III. Experimental Methodology
This section furnishes information with regard to standard procedure to conduct the
experiment along with the description of equipment/apparatus and the basic theory/concept
involved in the conduct of the experiment. Thus this section is very useful for both teacher and
student as well to conduct the experiment systematically. Thus this section is presented in four
sub section as described below:
 Description
It gives the detailed description of apparatus / tools / equipment / materials to be
used for the task.
 Theory / Concept
It gives the concept of the task to be performed with formulae and units.
 Procedure
It provides the idea of step wise procedure to perform the task.
SBTET, AP
 Observation and Calculation
It includes sample observation, sample graph, sample calculation for reference
Part IV. Annexure
All important and useful information that may help in accomplishment of tasks like
conversion tables for units, technical & scientific data like material properities, standard trend or
characteristic curves (graphs) etc are compiled and presented at one place in this section.
1.2. WHO IS TO USE AND HOW TO USE.
The hand book is so designed that it can be beneficially used by different sections of
the technical education viz., the teacher, the student, the examiner and the administrator
convenient to individual’s requirements. A few uses of this hand book each stakeholder could
make is outlined in the following sections.
1. Teacher
A. The laboratory sheet is designed keeping the teacher in mind for the teacher has key
responsibility of imparting the skills to the student and hence the information given in the lab
sheets may be useful for planning & organizing the experimental set up and designing an
effective instruction. Thus the teacher may
Plan and organize as per section 4,
Instruct the students as per section 2,
Demonstrate each sub task as per section1.B.and
Evaluate the students as per section 5, according to the level of competency.
Values: The values in a person are an important personality trait that needs to be nurtured
in the learning environment. Further it is also a driving component in any individual to
deliver the best and hence this component is also included in the evaluation. However only
five key dimensions, that are important in the teaching-learning environment, are taken into
consideration for nurturing and evaluation. A little information about these five dimensions is
given below as a guideline for the teacher while assessing students.
1. Co-operation: It is the voluntary arrangement in which two or more students

engage in a mutually beneficial exchange, instead of competition. Cooperation can
happen where resources adequate for both students exist or are created by their
interaction.
2. Co-ordination: It is the unification, integration, synchronization of the effect of
group members so as provide unity of action in the pursuit of common goals. It is an
integral element and required in each & every function and at each & every stage &
therefore it cannot be separated.
SBTET, AP
3. Communication; Communication skill is the set of skills that enables a student to
convey information so that it is received and understood.
4. Sharing: A part or portion belonging to, distributed to, contributed by, owed by a
person or a group Or To participate in, use, enjoy or experience jointly or in turns.
5. Leadership: Students with the following leadership qualities are almost always
the ones that rise above the crowd.
1. Trustworthiness: This refers to integrity.
2. Inspiration: Guides, leads and inspiring others to want to participate in the
process of moving towards the vision.
3. Self awareness: It is the individual awareness of him or her self – their abilities
and the impact that they have on others.
4. Acceptance of responsibility: True leaders are accepting responsibility for all
that comes their way and taking ownership and responsibilities for getting things
back on track. Blaming, justifying and excuse making just is not in their
responsibility.
B. The Experimental methodology is designed for both teacher and student. The teacher
can refer the experimental methodology for the details of equipment/apparatus/
materials/tools, procedure to be followed, observations to be made, graphs to be drawn and
calculations to be done for the task to be performed
2. Student
The Worksheet is designed keeping in view the needs, deficiencies and the
adolescent characteristics of the student for student.
The students submit the filled in work sheet given by the teacher on the day
of experiment after referring to experimental methodology and listening to instructions of
teacher. The design of the worksheet is made user friendly and the contents are so logically
sequenced that the student finds it easy to understand and develop the skill of recording
and report writing skill. It also helps the student to actively participate in skill learning. More
importantly the student gets immediate meaningful feedback of his performance since the
competency wise assessment is done and that too on the same day.
2. Examiner
The examiner may find this hand book very useful as Laboratory sheets and
Scheme of evaluation provides information with regard to various competencies (skills) the
students is expected to acquire during the course of study and the relative weightages of
each competency. This information helps him to design a well balance question
paper/measurement tool for assessment.
SBTET, AP
C20 – EE310
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS LAB
LAB SHEETS
SBTET, AP
Date of Page
Sno Experiment Title
Experiment Number
1 Verification of Ohm’s Law and limitations of Ohm’s Law 1
2 Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current Law 7
3 Verification of Super Position Theorem 13
4 Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem 19
5 Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 25
6 Calibration of Dynamometer type Wattmeter 31
7 Calibration of Single Phase Induction type Energymeter 37
Determination of Q-factor and Power factor of an Inductive

8 43
Coil
Determination of Idle & Energy components of Current in a

9 49
Single Phase Inductive Circuit
Measurement of Power in Single Phase circuit by 3-Voltmeter

10 55
method
Measurement of Power in Single Phase circuit by 3-Ammeter

11 method 61
Measurement of Power in Three Phase Balanced circuit by 2-

12 67
Wattmeter method
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
1. Verification of Ohm’s Law and Limitations of Ohm’s Law
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Ohm’s Law and the limitations of it.
Apparatus Required :
Sno Apparatus Name Specifications Quantity
1 Regulated Power Supply 0-30V, 1 A 1

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
2 Digital Multimeter DCA: 20uA – 2000uA – 20mA – 200mA – 10A 2
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K

3 Resistor 1 kilo ohm, 1 watt 1
4 Breadboard 1
Required
5 Connecting Wires 100 mA
number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Working of the resistor.
2. Working of the regulated power supply.
3. Using the digital multimeter.
4. Using the breadboard.
5. Factors affecting the characteristics of a resistor.
6. Precautions to be taken while handling the equipment.
1
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill
Category of Skill Sub Task
A Drawing circuit diagram and identifying various terminals.

Handling of
B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.
Apparatus
C Identifying the Sources of Energy.
A Setting up the Regulated Power Supplies to required voltages

Manipulation of
B Adjusting the range of Ammeter to read the currents accurately.
Apparatus
C Adjusting the range of Voltmeter to read the voltages accurately.
A Recording the values of voltages.
B Recording the values of currents.

Precise
Operations / C Calculating the values of resistance.
Activities
D Changing the temperature around the resistor.
E Recording the values of resistance with temperature effect.
2
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 Explaining the Ohm’s Law. 3
2 Explaining the limitations of Ohm’s Law. 3
3 Explaining the functioning of Regulated Power Supply. 3
4 Interpreting the Colour Coding of the Resistor. 3
5 Explaining the usage of Digital Multimeter. 2
6 Explaining the precautions to be taken. 1
Total Time (mins) 15
Precautions :
1. Disconnecting the Regulated Power Supply from the mains before making the circuit.
2. Ensuring the correct range of meters.
3. Checking the circuit by the concerned staff member.
4. Avoiding loose contacts.
5. Observing the readings without error.
6. Avoiding the overheating of the elements.
3
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Need and Scope of Experiment :

This experiment is essential to understand the Ohm’s law, limitations of the Ohm’s law and the
characteristics of resistor. With this knowledge, the circuits can be analyzed for their performance and
as well as for the faults.
Planning and Organization :
Action Activity
the meters.
the circuit construction.
Check for the students entry behaviour.
the first aid kit.
the wires of standard colours and gauges.
For the design of

Read the teaching points carefully.
instruction
4
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Scheme of Evaluation :
Individual
Category of Competency
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
Drawing circuit diagram and identifying various
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters. 3 10
Apparatus
C Identifying the Sources of Energy. 2
Setting up the Regulated Power Supplies to required
A 4
voltages
Manipulation Adjusting the range of Ammeter to read the currents
B 3 10
of Apparatus accurately.
Adjusting the range of Voltmeter to read the voltages
C 3
accurately.
A Recording the values of voltages. 5
B Recording the values of currents. 5

Precise
Operations / C Calculating the values of resistance. 5 25
Activities
D Changing the temperature around the resistor. 5
Recording the values of resistance with temperature
E 5
effect.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
Values C Communication 1 5
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
5
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
1 . Can we apply the Ohm’s law to Semiconductors? If so, why?
2 . Which type of Temperature Coefficient of Resistance a Resistor has?
3 . What are the applications of Resistor?
How many types of Colour Coding of Resistors are available? What are
4 .
those?
What is the significance specific resistance on the characteristics of a
5 .
Resistor?
Assessment Questions :
1. (a) . Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Ohm’s law and its limitations.
(b) . Conduct the test to verify the Ohm’s law and its limitations.
Find out what happens when the temperature around a resistor is

(c) .
decreased and the voltage across the resistor is increased.
6
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
2. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current Law
To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current Law in the DC

Objective of the experiment :
Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K

1 kilo ohm, ½ watt 1
3 Resistor 2.2 kilo ohm, ½ watt 1
4.7 kilo ohm, ½ watt 1

4 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Ohm’s law in the DC networks.
5. Directions of voltages and currents in the elements of a circuit.
7
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

Handling of
Apparatus B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.

Manipulation of
B Adjusting the range of Ammeters to read the currents accurately.
Apparatus
C Adjusting the range of Voltmeters to read the voltages accurately.
A Recording the values of voltages across the elements in a loop.
B Summing up the values of all the voltages in the loop.

Precise
Operations / C Recording the values of currents in the elements connected to a node.
Activities
D Summing up the values of currents in the elements connected to the node.
E Checking the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current Law.
8
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 Explaining the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law. 3
2 Explaining the Kirchhoff’s Current Law. 3
Precautions :
9
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to understand the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Kirchhoff’s Current law.
With this knowledge, the circuits can be analyzed for their performance and as well as for the faults.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
10
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
Apparatus

A 4
voltages
Manipulation Adjusting the range of Ammeters to read the currents
B 3 10
Adjusting the range of Voltmeters to read the voltages
C 3
accurately.
Recording the values of voltages across the elements
A 5
in a loop.
B Summing up the values of all the voltages in the loop. 5
Precise
Recording the values of currents in the elements
Operations / C 5 25
connected to a node.
Activities
Summing up the values of currents in the elements
D 5
connected to the node.
Checking the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current
E 5
Law.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
11
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
1 . Can we apply Kirchhoff’s Voltage law to an open loop? Justify.
2 . What is the minimum number of elements to form a node?
3 . What happens if all the elements of a closed loop are voltage sources?
4 . Can we apply Kirchhoff’s laws to AC Circuits? Justify.
How to interpret the direction of current in an element with respect to the

5 .
direction of voltage across it?
Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and
1. (a) .
Kirchhoff’s Current law.
Conduct the test to verify the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Kirchhoff’s
(b) .
Current law.
Find out what happens when the terminals of the voltage source are
(c) .
reversed while using Kirchhoff’s laws.
12
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
3. Verification of Super Position Theorem
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Super Position Theorem in a DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K


4 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Ohm’s law in the resistive networks.
2. Kirchhoff’s laws in the resistive networks.
13
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

Handling of
Apparatus B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.

Manipulation of
B Replacing the Sources with their equivalent resistances.
Apparatus
C Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages and currents accurately.
A Calculating the theoretical values of load currents.
B Summing up the theoretical values of load currents.

Precise
Operations / C Recording the practical values of load currents.
Activities
D Summing up the practical values of load currents.
E Comparing the practical values of load currents with theoretical values.
14
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 Explaining the Super Position Theorem. 3
Explaining the equivalent resistances of voltage source and current
2 3
source.
Precautions :
15
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to understand the Super Position Theorem. With this knowledge, the
circuits can be analyzed for their performance and as well as for the faults.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
16
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
Apparatus

A 4
voltages
Manipulation Replacing the Sources with their equivalent
B 4 10
of Apparatus resistances.
Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages and
C 2
currents accurately.
A Calculating the theoretical values of load currents. 5
B Summing up the theoretical values of load currents. 5

Precise
Operations / C Recording the practical values of load currents. 5 25
Activities
D Summing up the practical values of load currents. 5
Comparing the practical values of load currents with
E 5
theoretical values.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
17
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
1 . Which is better: Kirchhoff’s Laws or Super Position Theorem? Justify.
What is the minimum number of active elements to apply Super Position

2 .
Theorem? Why?
Can we find the currents using the Super Position Theorem, if all the
3 .
elements of a circuit are passive? Why?
Can we find the current in a Voltage Source using the Super Position
4 .
Theorem? Justify.
What happens when the Super Position Theorem is applied to an open
5 .
loop circuit?
1. (a) . Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Super Position Theorem.
(b) . Conduct the test to verify the Super Position Theorem.
Find out what happens when the terminals of one voltage source are
(c) .
reversed while working with Super Position Theorem.
18
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
4. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Thevenin’s Theorem in a DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K


4 Variable Resistor 10 kilo ohm, ½ watt 1
5 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Kirchhoff’s laws in the DC networks.
2. Super Position Theorem in the DC networks.
19
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

Handling of
B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.
Apparatus

Manipulation of
Apparatus
A Recording the value of load current before applying Thevenin’s circuit.
B Recording the value of Thevenin’s Voltage.

Precise
Operations / C Recording the value of Thevenin’s Resistance.
Activities
D Recording the value of load current after applying Thevenin’s circuit.
E Comparing the values of load current recorded in both cases.
20
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 Explaining the Thevenin’s Theorem. 3
2 Explaining the Thevenin’s Resistance. 3
3 Explaining the Thevenin’s Voltage. 3
Precautions :
21
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to understand the Thevenin’s Theorem. With this knowledge, the circuits
can be analyzed for their performance and as well as for the faults.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
22
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
Apparatus

A 4
voltages
B 4 10
Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages
C 2
and currents accurately.
Recording the value of load current before applying
A 5
Thevenin’s circuit.
B Recording the value of Thevenin’s Voltage. 5
Precise
Operations / C Recording the value of Thevenin’s Resistance. 5 25
Activities
Recording the value of load current after applying
D 5
Comparing the values of load current recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
23
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
Which one is better: Thevenin’s Theorem or Super Position Theorem?
1 .
Justify.
2 . What is the Thevenin’s Resistance?
3 . What is the equivalent resistance of a Ideal Voltage Source?
What happens when the fixed terminal of a variable resistor is shorted

4 .
with its variable terminal?
What is the value of Thevenin’s Resistance when the load resistor is
5 .
replaced with a short circuit?
1. (a) . Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Thevenin’s Theorem.
(b) . Conduct the test to verify the Thevenin’s Theorem.
Find out what happens when the voltage source is replaced with the
(c) .
open circuit while using Thevenin’s Theorem.
24
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
5. Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem in a DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V –
200V – 1000V
DCA: 20uA – 2000uA – 20mA –

2 Digital Multimeter 3
200mA – 10A
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K –

200K – 2000K

5 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Thevenin’s Theorem in the DC networks.
2. Super Position Theorem in the DC networks.
25
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.
Apparatus

Manipulation of
Apparatus
A Recording the value of load power before applying Thevenin’s circuit.
B Recording the value of Thevenin’s Voltage.

Precise
Operations / C Recording the value of Thevenin’s Resistance.
Activities
D Recording the value of load power after applying Thevenin’s circuit.
E Comparing the values of load power recorded in both cases.
26
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 Explaining the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 3
2 Explaining the Thevenin’s Resistance and Thevenin’s Voltage. 3
3 Explaining the advantages of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 3
Precautions :
27
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to understand the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. With this
knowledge, the circuits can be analyzed for their performance and as well as for the faults.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
28
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters. 3 10
Apparatus

A 4
voltages
B 4 10
C 2
Recording the value of load power before applying
A 5
Precise
Operations / C Recording the value of Thevenin’s Resistance. 5 25
Activities
Recording the value of load power after applying
D 5
Comparing the values of load power recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
29
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
1 . What are the applications of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem?
At what value of the load resistance, half power is transferred from the
2 .
source.
How much amount of maximum power can be transferred to the load, if
3 .
the load voltage is halved?
4 . Can we apply Maximum Power Transfer Theorem to AC Circuits? Why?
5 . What is impedance matching?
Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Maximum Power Transfer
1. (a) .
Theorem.
(b) . Conduct the test to verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
Find out the amount of power transferred when the value of load
(c) . resistance becomes the half of Thevenin’s Resistance of the remaining
circuit.
30
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
6. Calibration of Dynamometer type Wattmeter
Objective of the experiment : To calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter.
1 Dynamometer type Wattmeter 1-Phase 500V 10A UPF 1
2 Moving Iron Voltmeter 1-Phase 0-300V 1
3 Moving Iron Ammeter 1-Phase 0-10A 1

Incandescent Lamp Load / Rheostatic
4 1-Phase 300V 0-10A 1
Load
Required
5 Connecting Wires 300V 10A
Number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Functioning of Dynamometer type Wattmeter.
2. Functioning of Moving Iron Voltmeter.
3. Functioning of Moving Iron Ammeter.
4. Multiplication Factor of Measuring Instruments.
5. Working of Lamp Load / Rheostatic Load.
6. Directions of voltages and currents in the circuit.
31
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill
Drawing circuit diagram and identifying various terminals of the measuring

A
instruments.
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.
C Identifying the Multiplication Factor of the wattmeter.
A Setting up the lamp load to the required load currents.

Manipulation of Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages, currents and powers
B
Apparatus accurately.
Setting up the trip circuit to protect the experimental set up from over
C
loading.
A Applying the load gradually without over loading.
B Recording the values of voltages, currents and powers.

Precise
Calculating the powers from the wattmeter by considering its multiplication
Operations / C
factor.
Activities
D Calculating the powers from the readings of voltmeter and ammeter.
E Comparing the values of powers recorded in both cases.
32
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 Explaining the working of Dynamometer type Wattmeter. 3
2 Explaining the procedure of calibration. 3
3 Explaining the purpose of calibration of meters. 3

Explaining the functioning of each equipment used in the
4 3
experiment.
Explaining the procedure of calculating the multiplication factor of
5 2
meters.
Precautions :
1. Disconnecting the Power Supply from the mains before making the circuit.
6. Avoiding the overheating of the elements due to over load.
33
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter. With this knowledge,
either adjustments can be made in the internal circuit of the Dynamometer type Wattmeter or readings
can be adjusted by considering percentage error at the particular load condition.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
34
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
terminals of the measuring instruments.
Handling of
Apparatus
C Identifying the Multiplication Factor of the wattmeter. 2
A Setting up the lamp load to the required load currents. 4

Manipulation Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages,
B 4 10
of Apparatus currents and powers accurately.
Setting up the trip circuit to protect the experimental
C 2
set up from over loading.
A Applying the load gradually without over loading. 5
Recording the values of voltages, currents and
B 5
powers.
Precise
Calculating the powers from the wattmeter by
Operations / C 5 25
considering its multiplication factor.
Activities
Calculating the powers from the readings of voltmeter
D 5
and ammeter.
Comparing the values of powers recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
35
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
Which type of Measuring Instrument is required to calibrate the new
1 .
ones?
What should we do if the pointer in the Dynamometer type Wattmeter
2 .
moves anticlockwise?
How can we find the multiplication factor of the Dynamometer type
3 .
Wattmeter?
Can we calibrate the Dynamometer type Wattmeter by using inductive
4 .
load? Justify.
How can we measure current by using a Dynamometer type
5 .
Wattmeter?
Draw the circuit diagram to calibrate the given Dynamometer type
1. (a) .
Wattmeter.
(b) . Conduct the test to calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter.
Find out what happens when the connections to the current coil of the
(c) .
Dynamometer type Wattmeter are reversed.
36
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
7. Calibration of Single Phase Induction type Energymeter
Objective of the experiment : To calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type Energymeter.

Single Phase Induction type
1 1-Phase 300V 25A 1
Energymeter

4 1-Phase 300V 0-10A 1
Load
Required
Number
6 Stop Watch with minutes and seconds counter 1
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Functioning of Single Phase Induction type Energymeter.
4. Significance of Meter Constant of Energymeter.
5. Working of Lamp Load / Rheostatic Load.
6. Directions of voltages and currents in the circuit.
7. Using Stop Watch.
37
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

A
instruments.
Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters.
Apparatus
C Identifying the Meter Constant of the Energymeter.
A Setting up the lamp load to the required load currents.

Manipulation of Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages, currents and energy
B
C
loading.
A Applying the load gradually without over loading.
B Recording the values of voltages, currents and energies.

Precise
Calculating the energy from the energymeter by considering its meter
Operations / C
constant.
Activities
D Calculating the energy from the readings of voltmeter ammeter and timer.
E Comparing the values of energies recorded in both cases.
38
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
Explaining the working of Single Phase Induction Type
1 3
Energymeter.
2 Explaining the procedure of calibration. 3
3 Explaining the purpose of calibration of meters. 3

4 3
experiment.
Explaining the procedure of calculating the meter constant of
5 2
Energymeter and multiplication factors of meters.
Precautions :
39
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type Energymeter. With this
knowledge, either adjustments can be made in the internal circuit of the Single Phase Induction type
Energymeter or readings can be adjusted by considering percentage error at the particular load
condition.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
40
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
Apparatus
C Identifying the Meter Constant of the Energymeter. 2

B 4 10
of Apparatus currents and energy accurately.
C 2
B 5
energies.
Precise
Calculating the energy from the energymeter by
Operations / C 5 25
considering its meter constant.
Activities
Calculating the energy from the readings of voltmeter
D 5
ammeter and timer.
Comparing the values of energies recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
41
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
What are possible causes of error in Single Phase Induction type
1 .
Energymeter?
How can the Meter Constant be achieved in Single Phase Induction
2 .
type Energymeter?
Suggest the remedy to suppress creeping in Single Phase Induction
3 .
type Energymeter.
Can we use Single Phase Induction type Energymeter to measure the
4 .
energy in a DC Circuit? Justify.
5 . How can measure the power by using an Energymeter?
Draw the circuit diagram to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction
1. (a) .
type Energymeter.
Conduct the test to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type
(b) .
Energymeter.
Find out what happens when the connections to the current coil of the
(c) .
Single Phase Induction type Energymeter are reversed.
42
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
8. Determination of Q-factor and Power factor of an Inductive Coil
To determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a Single

Phase Inductive Coil.
1 Dynamometer type Wattmeter 1-Phase 150V 2A LPF 1

Single Phase Transformer as Inductive
4 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
5 Single Phase Auto-Transformer 0-270V 2KVA 1
Required
Number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
1. Functioning of Auto-Transformer.
6. Characteristics of Inductive load.
7. Quality factor and Power factor.
8. Precautions to be taken while handling the equipment
43
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

A
instruments.
Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeters, Ammeter and Wattmeter.
Apparatus
C Setting the auto-transformer to its initial position.
A Acquiring the name plate details of the inductive load used.

Manipulation of
B Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages and current accurately.
Apparatus
C
loading.
A Applying the voltage gradually to the RL Series Circuit without over loading.
B Recording the values of voltage, current and power from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the power factor from the readings of voltage, current and
Operations / C
power.
Activities
Calculating the Resistance, Impedance and Inductive Reactance from the
D
readings of voltage, current and power.
E Calculating the Quality factor from Inductive Reactance and Resistance.
44
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
Explaining the procedure of measuring power in an Inductive
1 3
Circuit.
2 Explaining the significance of quality factor. 3
3 Explaining the significance of power factor. 3

4 3
experiment.
5 2
meters.
Precautions :
45
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to measure the Quality factor and Power factor of a Single Phase
Inductive Circuit. With this knowledge, active power, reactive power, power factor and performance of
the inductive circuit can be measured at different load conditions.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
46
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
Handling of Using correct range of Voltmeters, Ammeter and
B 3 10
Apparatus Wattmeter.
C Setting the auto-transformer to its initial position. 2
Acquiring the name plate details of the inductive load
A 4
used.
Manipulation Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages and
B 3 10
of Apparatus current accurately.
C 3
Applying the voltage gradually to the RL Series Circuit
A 5
without over loading.
Recording the values of voltage, current and power
B 5
from the meters.
Precise Calculating the power factor from the readings of
C 5 25
Operations / voltage, current and power.
Activities Calculating the Resistance, Impedance and Inductive
D Reactance from the readings of voltage, current and 5
power.
Calculating the Quality factor from Inductive
E 5
Reactance and Resistance.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
47
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
What is the significance of Quality factor on the performance of a
1 .
circuit?
What is the significance of Power factor on the performance of a
2 .
circuit?
3 . Which power factor is better: lagging or leading? Why?
4 . How can unity power factor be achieved?
5 . Relate Quality factor with Power factor.
Draw the circuit diagram to determine the Quality factor and Power
1. (a) .
factor of a Single Phase Inductive Circuit.
Conduct the test to determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a
(b) .
Single Phase Inductive Circuit.
Explain the significance of Quality factor and Power factor on the
(c) .
performance of an Inductive Circuit.
48
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
9. Determination of Idle and Energy components of Current in a Single Phase Inductive Circuit
Objective of the experiment : To determine the Idle and Energy components of current in a
Single Phase Inductive circuit.

4 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
7. Components of Currents and Power factor.
49
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

A
instruments.
Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeters, Ammeter and Wattmeter.
Apparatus
A Acquiring the name plate details of the inductive load used.

Manipulation of
Apparatus
C
loading.
B Recording the values of voltage, current and power from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the power factor from the readings of voltage, current and
Operations / C
power.
Activities
Calculating the idle component of current from the readings of voltage,
D
current and power.
Calculating the energy component of current from the readings of voltage,
E
current and power.
50
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 3
Circuit.
2 Explaining the components of current. 3

4 3
experiment.
5 2
meters.
Precautions :
51
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to measure the Idle and Energy components of Current in a Single Phase
Inductive Circuit. With this knowledge, active power, reactive power and power factor of an inductive
circuit can be measured at different load conditions.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
52
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
B 3 10
A 4
used.
B 4 10
C 2
A 5
B 5
from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the power factor from the readings of
Operations / C 5 25
voltage, current and power.
Activities
Calculating the idle component of current from the
D 5
Calculating the energy component of current from the
E 5
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
53
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
What is the significance of Idle component of current on the
1 .
performance of a circuit?
What is the significance of Energy component of current on the
2 .
performance of a circuit?
What happens, if the Idle component of current is absent in an
3 .
inductive circuit?
What happens, if the Idle component of current is absent in a
4 .
capacitive circuit?
What happens, if the Idle component of current becomes equal to the
5 .
energy component of current?
Draw the circuit diagram to determine the Idle and Energy components
1. (a) .
of current passing through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit.
Conduct the test to determine the Idle and Energy components of
(b) .
current passing through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit.
Explain the significance of Idle and Energy components of current
(c) .
passing through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit, on its performance.
54
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
10. Measurement of Power in Single Phase Circuit by 3 – Voltmeter method
To measure the active power and power factor of a single phase

RL series circuit by using Three Voltmeter method.
4 Rheostat 0-45 ohm 5A 1

5 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
5. Types of loads.
7. Types of Powers and Power factor.
55
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

A
instruments.
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeter.
A Acquiring the name plate details of the rheostat used.

Manipulation of
Apparatus
C
loading.
B Recording the values of three voltages and one current from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the voltmeters readings and the value of
Operations / C
resistance of the rheostat.
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the voltmeters readings and the value of
D
E Calculating the reactive power of circuit.
56
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 3
Circuit with three Moving Iron Voltmeters.
2 Explaining the types of powers. 3

4 3
experiment.
5 2
meters.
Precautions :
57
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to measure the power in a Single Phase RL Series Circuit using Three
Voltmeter method. With this knowledge, active power, power factor and reactive power of an inductive
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
58
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeter. 3 10
Apparatus
A Acquiring the name plate details of the rheostat used. 4

B 4 10
C 2
A 5
Recording the values of three voltages and one
B 5
current from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the voltmeters
Operations / C 5 25
readings and the value of resistance of the rheostat.
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the voltmeters
D 5
E Calculating the reactive power of circuit. 5
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
59
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
Does Moving Iron Voltmeter have more advantages to Moving Coil
1 .
Voltmeter? Why?
2 . How can be the range of a Moving Iron Voltmeter extended?
List the methods of providing damping torque in Moving Iron

3 .
Voltmeters.
What happens when a strong magnetic field is interfered with Moving
4 .
Iron Voltmeter?
How much amount of power can be transferred with the auto-
5 . transformer via conduction, while measuring the power by using Three
Voltmeter method?
Draw the circuit diagram to measure the power in a Single Phase
1. (a) .
Inductive Circuit by using Three Voltmeter method.
Conduct the test to measure the power in a Single Phase Inductive
(b) .
Circuit by using Three Voltmeter method.
Find out what happens when the UDC Power Supply is given to the
(c) . Single Phase Inductive Circuit while measuring the power using Three
Voltmeter method.
60
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
11. Measurement of Power in Single Phase Circuit by 3 – Ammeter method
To measure the active power and power factor of a single phase

RL parallel circuit by using Three Ammeter method.

5 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
5. Types of loads.
61
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

A
instruments.
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeter and Ammeters.
A Acquiring the name plate details of the rheostat used.

Manipulation of
B Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltage and, currents accurately.
Apparatus
C
loading.
Applying the voltage gradually to the RL Parallel Circuit without over
A
loading.
B Recording the values of three currents and one voltage from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the ammeters readings and the value of
Operations / C
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the ammeters readings and the value of
D
E Calculating the reactive power of circuit.
62
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
1 3
Circuit with three Moving Iron Ammeters.

4 3
experiment.
5 2
meters.
Precautions :
63
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to measure the power in a Single Phase RL Parallel Circuit using Three
Ammeter method. With this knowledge, active power, power factor and reactive power of an inductive
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
64
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
B Using correct range of Voltmeter and Ammeters. 3 10
Apparatus

Manipulation Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltage and,
B 4 10
of Apparatus currents accurately.
C 2
Applying the voltage gradually to the RL Parallel
A 5
Circuit without over loading.
Recording the values of three currents and one
B 5
voltage from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the ammeters
Operations / C 5 25
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the ammeters
D 5
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
65
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
Which one is better to measure the power of a single phase inductive
1 .
circuit: Three Ammeter method or Three Voltmeter method? Justify.
Can we measure the power, if the voltmeter used is of moving coil
2 . type, while measuring power of a single phase inductive circuit with
Three Ammeter method? Justify.
What are the methods used to measure the power of a single phase RL
3 .
Parallel circuit?
Why does the scale of a moving iron ammeter used in Three Ammeter
4 .
method, cramped?
Why does the impedance of a moving iron ammeter used in Three
5 .
Ammeter method, maximum?
Draw the circuit diagram to measure the power in a Single Phase
1. (a) .
Inductive Circuit by using Three Ammeter method.
Conduct the test to measure the power in a Single Phase Inductive
(b) .
Circuit by using Three Ammeter method.
Find out what happens when the DC Power Supply is given to the
(c) . Single Phase Inductive Circuit while measuring the power using Three
Ammeter method.
66
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
12. Measurement of Power in 3 – Phase Balanced Circuit by 2 – Wattmeter method
To measure the active power, reactive power and power factor of

a three phase balanced load by using Two Wattmeter method.
4 Three Phase Induction Motor 415V 5A 1
5 Three Phase Auto-Transformer 0-500V 10A 1

Required
Number
Task Analysis :
(a) Knowledge
5. Types of loads.
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
(b) Skill

A
instruments.
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeters.
A Acquiring the name plate details of the three phase load used.
Manipulation of Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltage, current and powers
B
C
loading.
A Applying the voltage gradually to the three phase load without over loading.
Recording the values of one voltage, one current and two powers from the
B
meters.
Precise
Operations / C Calculating the active power from the readings of two wattmeters.
Activities
D Calculating the power factor from the readings of two wattmeters.
E Calculating the reactive power from the readings of two wattmeters.
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Teaching Points :
Suggested Time
Sno Teaching Point
(mins)
Explaining the procedure of measuring power in a Three Phase
1 3
Inductive Circuit with two Dynamometer type Wattmeters.

4 3
experiment.
5 2
meters.
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET

This experiment is essential to measure the power in a Three Phase Balanced Circuit using Two
Wattmeter method. With this knowledge, active power, power factor and reactive power of an
inductive circuit can be measured at different load conditions.
Action Activity
the meters.
the first aid kit.
For the design of

instruction
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Individual
Sub Task Total
Skill Level
Weightage
A 5
Handling of Using correct range of Voltmeter, Ammeter and
B 3 10
Apparatus Wattmeters.
Acquiring the name plate details of the three phase
A 4
load used.
Manipulation Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltage,
B 4 10
of Apparatus current and powers accurately.
C 2
Applying the voltage gradually to the three phase load
A 5
Recording the values of one voltage, one current and
B 5
two powers from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the readings of two
Operations / C 5 25
wattmeters.
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the readings of two
D 5
wattmeters.
Calculating the reactive power from the readings of
E 5
two wattmeters.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50 50
SBTET, AP
LABSHEET
Viva Questions :
Which method is better to measure the three phase power: One
1 . Wattmeter method, Two Wattmeter method and Three Wattmeter
method? Justify.
While using Two Wattmeter method, If the two wattmeters are
2 .
showing the same reading, what is the power factor of the load?
While using Two Wattmeter method, If one of wattmeters is showing
3 .
zero reading, what is the power factor of the load?
How can we measure the reactive power of a three phase load using
4 .
one wattmeter only?
What happens, if the terminals of current coil of a wattmeter are
5 . interchanged while measuring the power in a three phase circuit using
Two Wattmeter method.
Draw the circuit diagram to measure the power in a Three Phase
1. (a) .
Inductive Circuit by using Two Wattmeter method.
Conduct the test to measure the power in a Three Phase Inductive
(b) .
Circuit by using Two Wattmeter method.
Find out what happens when the pointer of a Wattmeter moves in
(c) . anticlockwise direction while measuring the power in a Three Phase
Inductive Circuit by using Two Wattmeter method.
SBTET, AP
C20 – EE310
WORK SHEETS
SBTET, AP
Date of Page
Experiment Number

8 43
Coil

9 49

10 55
method

11 method 61

12 67
Wattmeter method
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Name of the student : Date of the experiment
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
when the temperature is kept constant
Voltage applied Current passing
Resistance
Sno across the resistor through the Resistor
(ohms)
(volts) (amps)
1
when the temperature is varied

Resistance
(volts) (amps) (ohms)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Inference and Interpretation :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Category of Competency Marks
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters. 3
Apparatus
A 4
voltages
Manipulation Adjusting the range of Ammeter to read the currents
B 3
Adjusting the range of Voltmeter to read the voltages
C 3
accurately.
A Recording the values of voltages. 5
B Recording the values of currents. 5

Precise
Operations / C Calculating the values of resistance. 5
Activities
D Changing the temperature around the resistor. 5
Recording the values of resistance with temperature
E 5
effect.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
Values C Communication 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
Signature of the Lab in-charge
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Voltage across Voltage across Voltage across RPS Output Voltage
Resistor - 1 (volts) Resistor - 2 (volts) Resistor - 3 (volts) (volts)
Sum of the voltages =
Kirchhoff's Current Law

Current in Resistor - 1 Current in Resistor - 2 Current in Resistor - 3 Sum of the Currents
(amps) (amps) (amps) (amps)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
Apparatus B Using the correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters. 3

A 4
voltages
Manipulation Adjusting the range of Ammeters to read the currents
B 3
Adjusting the range of Voltmeters to read the voltages
C 3
accurately.
Recording the values of voltages across the elements
A 5
in a loop.
B Summing up the values of all the voltages in the loop. 5
Precise
Recording the values of currents in the elements
Operations / C 5
connected to a node.
Activities
Summing up the values of currents in the elements
D 5
connected to the node.
Checking the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current
E 5
Law.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
when Source-1 and Source-2 are present
Source-1 Voltage Source-2 Voltage Current in Load Resister

(volts) (volts) (amps)
when Source-1 only is present
Source-1 Voltage Source-2 Voltage Current in Load Resistor


Verification
Current in Load Current in Load Current in Load Resistor
Resister (amps) due to Resister (amps) due to (amps) due to Source-1 and
Source-1 Source-2 Source-2
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of

A 4
voltages
B 4
C 2
A Calculating the theoretical values of load currents. 5
B Summing up the theoretical values of load currents. 5

Precise
Operations / C Recording the practical values of load currents. 5
Activities
D Summing up the practical values of load currents. 5
Comparing the practical values of load currents with
E 5
theoretical values.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Before applying Thevenin's theorem
Source Voltage Current in Load
(volts) Resister (amps)
After applying Thevenin's theorem

Thevenin's Voltage Thevenin's Resistance
(volts) (ohms)
Verification
Thevenin's Thevenin's Load Resistance Current in Load
Voltage (volts) Resistance (ohms) (ohms) Resistor (amps)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of

A 4
voltages
B 4
Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltages
C 2
and currents accurately.
Recording the value of load current before applying
A 5
Precise
Operations / C Recording the value of Thevenin’s Resistance. 5
Activities
Recording the value of load current after applying
D 5
Comparing the values of load current recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Before applying Maximum Power Transfer theorem
Source Voltage Current in Load Actual Load Power in Load
(volts) Resistor (amps) Resistance (ohms) Resistance (watts)
After applying Maximum Power Transfer theorem

Load Resistance Maximum Power
Thevenin's Thevenin's Resistance
equal to Thevenin's transferred to Load
Voltage (volts) (ohms)
Resistance (ohms) Resistance (watts)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
terminals.
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeters. 3

A 4
voltages
B 4
C 2
Recording the value of load power before applying
A 5
Precise
Operations / C Recording the value of Thevenin’s Resistance. 5
Activities
Recording the value of load power after applying
D 5
Comparing the values of load power recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Power
Voltage Current Power
measured by Error % Error
applied passing measured by
the Voltmeter
Sno across the through the the
and Ammeter E = P- W %E=
lamp load lamp load Wattmeter
Setup (watts) Ex100 / P
V (volts) I (amps) W (watts)
P = VI (watts)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
C Identifying the Multiplication Factor of the wattmeter. 2

B 4
of Apparatus currents and powers accurately.
C 2
B 5
powers.
Precise
Calculating the powers from the wattmeter by
Operations / C 5
considering its multiplication factor.
Activities
Calculating the powers from the readings of voltmeter
D 5
and ammeter.
Comparing the values of powers recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Meter Constant (M) = revolutions / unit
Energy
measured
Time taken
Voltage Current by the Energy Error
by the disc % Error
applied passing Voltmeter measured
to
across through and by the E=
Sno complete %E=
the lamp the lamp Ammeter Energymeter Et – Em
(N) Ex100 /
load load Setup Em = M/N
revolutions Et
V (volts) I (amps) Et = VIT / (kWh) (kWh)
T (sec)
(3600X1000)
(kWh)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
C Identifying the Meter Constant of the Energymeter. 2

B 4
of Apparatus currents and energy accurately.
C 2
B 5
energies.
Precise
Calculating the energy from the energymeter by
Operations / C 5
considering its meter constant.
Activities
Calculating the energy from the readings of voltmeter
D 5
ammeter and timer.
Comparing the values of energies recorded in both
E 5
cases.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Power
Impedance Quality
Reading Reading Reading factor
Sno tan ϕ Z=V/I factor
V I P Cos ϕ
(ohms) = tan ϕ
(volts) (amps) (watts) = P / (VI)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
B 3
A 4
used.
B 3
C 3
A 5
B 5
from the meters.
Precise Calculating the power factor from the readings of
C 5
Operations / voltage, current and power.
Activities Calculating the Resistance, Impedance and Inductive
D Reactance from the readings of voltage, current and 5
power.
Calculating the Quality factor from Inductive
E 5
Reactance and Resistance.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Idle Energy
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter
Component Component
Reading Reading Reading Cos ϕ
Sno Sin ϕ of Current of Current
V I P = P / (VI)
= I Sin ϕ = I Cos ϕ
(volts) (amps) (watts)
(amps) (amps)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
B 3
A 4
used.
B 4
C 2
A 5
B 5
from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the power factor from the readings of
Operations / C 5
voltage, current and power.
Activities
Calculating the idle component of current from the
D 5
Calculating the energy component of current from the
E 5
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Resistance of the Rheostat = ohms
Voltmeter-1 Voltmeter-2 Voltmeter-3 Power consumed

Ammeter
Sno Reading Reading Reading by the RL load
Reading (amps)
(volts) (volts) (volts) (watts)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeters and Ammeter. 3

B 4
C 2
A 5
Recording the values of three voltages and one
B 5
current from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the voltmeters
Operations / C 5
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the voltmeters
D 5
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Voltmeter Ammeter-1 Ammeter-2 Ammeter-3 Power consumed

Sno Reading Reading Reading Reading by the RL load
(volts) (amps) (amps) (amps) (watts)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
Handling of
Apparatus B Using correct range of Voltmeter and Ammeters. 3

Manipulation Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltage and,
B 4
of Apparatus currents accurately.
C 2
Applying the voltage gradually to the RL Parallel
A 5
Circuit without over loading.
Recording the values of three currents and one
B 5
voltage from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the ammeters
Operations / C 5
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the ammeters
D 5
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
PIN :
Institution :
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Procedure :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Readings :
Active Power Reactive
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter-1 Wattmeter-2
Power of factor Power of
Sno Reading Reading Reading Reading
the load of the the load
(volts) (amps) (watts) (watts)
(watts) load (var)
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Graph :
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
SBTET, AP
WORKSHEET
Individual
Sub Task
Skill Level Awarded
Weightage
A 5
Handling of Using correct range of Voltmeter, Ammeter and
B 3
Apparatus Wattmeters.
Acquiring the name plate details of the three phase
A 4
load used.
Manipulation Adjusting the range of meters to read the voltage,
B 4
of Apparatus current and powers accurately.
C 2
Applying the voltage gradually to the three phase load
A 5
Recording the values of one voltage, one current and
B 5
two powers from the meters.
Precise
Calculating the active power from the readings of two
Operations / C 5
wattmeters.
Activities
Calculating the power factor from the readings of two
D 5
wattmeters.
Calculating the reactive power from the readings of
E 5
two wattmeters.
A Co-Operation 1
B Co-Ordination 1
D Sharing 1
E Leadership 1
Total Marks 50
SBTET, AP
C20 – EE310
Experimental Methodologies
SBTET, AP
Date of Page
Experiment Number

8 29
Coil

9 33

10 37
method

11 method 41

12 45
Wattmeter method
SBTET, AP
EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Ohm’s Law and the limitations of it.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K

3 Resistor 1 kilo ohm, 1 watt 1
4 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
Ohm’s Law:
 At constant temperature, current passing through a resistor is directly proportional to
the voltage applied across that resistor.
 i.e. when Temperature = Constant, Current 𝖺 Voltage.
 Voltage / Current = Constant
 The ratio of Voltage to Current is called as Resistance.
Limitations of Ohm’s Law:

 If the temperature is variable, then Ohm’s law will not be applicable.
 Ohm’s law is not applicable for unilateral electrical elements like diodes and
transistors as they allow the current to flow through in one direction only.
 For non-linear electrical elements with parameters like capacitance, resistance etc
the voltage and current won’t be constant with respect to time making it difficult to
use Ohm’s law.
Procedure :
Ohm’s Law:
 Constructs the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
 Keeps the temperature constant.
 Applies voltage in steps to the resistor.
 Observes the values of voltage and current at each step.
 Plots the graph between voltage and current.
 Calculates the slope of the curve which gives rise to resistance.
Limitations of Ohm’s Law:

 Varies the temperature with the help of a heating element.
 Applies voltage to the resistor.
 Observes the values of voltage and current at each value of temperature.
 Plots the graph between voltage and current.
 Observes and infers the difference between the graphs which are drawn with
constant temperature and without constant temperature.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
when the temperature is kept constant

Resistance
(ohms)
(volts) (amps)
1
when the temperature is varied

Resistance
(ohms)
(volts) (amps)
1
Specimen Calculations :
Resistance = Voltage / Current ohms
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current Law in the DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K


4 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:

 In a closed loop, sum of the voltages is zero.
 i.e. in the closed loop, sum of the voltage sources is equal to the sum of voltage
drops.
 RPS Output Voltage + V1 + V2 + V3 = 0.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

 At a node, sum of the currents is zero.
 i.e. at the node, sum of the incoming currents is equal to the sum of the outgoing
currents.
 I1 + I2 + I3 = 0.
Procedure :
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:

 Applies power supply to the circuit.
 Observes and tabulates the values of voltages across the each element in the
circuit.
 Calculates the sum of voltages and checks the resultant is zero or not.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

 Applies power supply to the circuit.
 Observes and tabulates the values of currents passing through the each element in
the circuit.
 Calculates the sum of currents and checks the resultant is zero or not.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Voltage across Voltage across Voltage across RPS Output Voltage
Resistor - 1 (volts) Resistor - 2 (volts) Resistor - 3 (volts) (volts)
Sum of the voltages =
Kirchhoff's Current Law

Current in Resistor - 1 Current in Resistor - 2 Current in Resistor - 3 Sum of the Currents
(amps) (amps) (amps) (amps)
 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

RPS Output Voltage + V1 + V2 + V3 = 0
 Kirchhoff’s Current Law

I1 + I2 + I3 = 0
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
No graph is required.
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Super Position Theorem in a DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K


4 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 In any linear, bilateral multisource network the response (voltage or current) in any element is
equal to the algebraic sum of the responses caused by each source acting alone while all other
independent sources are replaced by their internal impedances.
 If the internal impedances of the sources are unknown then the independent voltage sources
must be replaced by short circuit while the independent current sources must be replaced by an
open circuit.
 The suspension theorem does not apply to the power as power is proportional to square of the
current, which is not a linear function.
Procedure :
 Make the connections as per circuit diagram

 Switch ‘ON’ the supply.
 Adjust the output voltage of sources ‘X’ and ‘Y’ to 20 V and 5 V respectively
 Note down the Current IL through the branch of interest i.e. AB.
 Now set the voltage source ‘X’ to 20 V and source ‘Y’ to 0 V.
 Note down the ammeter reading (Current IL).
 Now set the voltage source ‘Y’ to 5 V and source ‘X’ to 0 V.
 Note down the corresponding ammeter reading (Current IL).
 Reduce the output voltage of the sources ‘X’ and ‘Y’ to 0 V and switch ‘OFF’ the supply.
 Disconnect the circuit.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
when Source-1 and Source-2 are present
Source-1 Voltage Source-2 Voltage Current in Load Resister



Verification
Current in Load Current in Load Current in Load Resistor
Resister (amps) due to Resister (amps) due to (amps) due to Source-1 and
Source-1 Source-2 Source-2
IL when both sources are present = IL when 20V source is present + IL when 5V source is present
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Thevenin’s Theorem in a DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K


5 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 Thevenin’s Theorem states that any linear, active network with two open terminals can be
replaced by an equivalent circuit consists of Thevenin’s equivalent voltage source Vth in series
with Thevenin’s equivalent resistance Rth.
 To find a current IL through load resistance RL connected in a linear network, the following steps
are followed…
 Step-1 : Find Vth across load terminals by removing RL.
 Step-2 : Find Rth across load terminals by removing RL and replacing the Voltage Source with a
short circuit.
 Step-3 : Find the load current IL by dividing the Vth with the sum of Rth and RL.
Procedure :
 Connects the circuit as per the circuit diagram to find load current without Thevenin’s theorem.
 Switches ON the power supply.
 Adjusts the output voltage of the RPS to 20 V
 Notes down the Current IL through the branch of interest i.e. AB.
 Reduces the RPS output voltage to 0 V and Switches OFF the power supply.
 Disconnects the circuit and connects as per the circuit diagram to find Thevenin’s Voltage.
 Adjusts the RPS output voltage to 20 V.
 Notes down the voltage across the load terminals A and B that gives Vth.
 Disconnects the circuit and connects as per the circuit diagram to find Thevenin’s Resistance.
 Notes down the ohmmeter reading across the load terminals A and B that gives Rth.
 Disconnects the circuit and connects as per the circuit diagram to find load current with
Thevenin’s theorem.
 Adjusts the RPS output voltage to the Thevenin’s Voltage Vth.
 Disconnects the circuit.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Before applying Thevenin's theorem

Source Voltage Current in Load
(volts) Resister (amps)
After applying Thevenin's theorem

Thevenin's Voltage Thevenin's Resistance
(volts) (ohms)
Verification
Thevenin's Thevenin's Load Resistance Current in Load
Voltage (volts) Resistance (ohms) (ohms) Resistor (amps)
Before applying Thevenin’s Theorem,
20 2. 2
𝐼𝐿 = [ 1 × 2. 2 ] × (1 + 2. 2)
4. 7 + ( 1 + 2. 2 )
After applying Thevenin’s Theorem,
𝑉𝑡ℎ
𝐼𝐿 = [ ]
𝑅𝑡ℎ + 𝑅𝐿
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem in a DC Circuit.

DCV: 200mV – 2000mV – 20V – 200V – 1000V
R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K


5 Breadboard 1
Required
number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 The maximum power transfer theorem states that, to obtain maximum external power from a
source with a finite internal resistance, the resistance of the load must equal the resistance of
the source as viewed from its output terminals.
 To find the amount of maximum power that can be transferred by a source, the following steps
are followed…
 Step-1 : Find the Thevenin’s Resistance R th across the load terminals by removing R L and
replacing the Voltage Source with a short circuit.
 Step-2 : Find the load current IL by dividing the Source Voltage with the 2Rth.
2
 Step-3 : Find the maximum power transferred as IL Rth.
Procedure :
 Connects the circuit as per the circuit diagram to find power transferred to the load resistor RL.
 Switches ON the power supply.
 Adjusts the output voltage of the RPS to 20 V.
 Calculate the power transferred to the load resistor RL.
 Disconnects the circuit and connects as per the circuit diagram to find Thevenin’s Resistance.
 Notes down the ohmmeter reading across the load terminals A and B that gives Rth.
 Disconnects the circuit and connects as per the circuit diagram to find maximum power
transferred by the source.
 Adjusts the output voltage of the RPS to 20 V.
 Calculate the maximum power transferred by the source to the new load resistor Rth.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Before applying Maximum Power Transfer theorem

Source Voltage Current in Load Actual Load Power in Load
(volts) Resistor (amps) Resistance (ohms) Resistance (watts)
After applying Maximum Power Transfer theorem

Load Resistance Maximum Power
Thevenin's Thevenin's
equal to Thevenin's transferred to Load
Voltage (volts) Resistance (ohms)
Resistance (ohms) Resistance (watts)
Power transferred to the Load Resistance of 1 kilo ohm,
20
𝐿
= [
1 ×2.2 ] ×(
2.2 ) amps
4.7+ ( ) 1+2.2
1+2.2
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠ƒ𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝐼𝐿 2 × (1 × 103) watts
After replacing Load Resistance with Thevenin’s Resistance,
20
𝐼𝐿 = [ ] amps
2 ×𝑅 𝑡ℎ
𝑀𝑎𝑥i𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠ƒ𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝐼𝐿 2 𝑅𝑡ℎ watts
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
No graph is required
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter.

4 1-Phase 300V 0-10A 1
Load
Required
Number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 Calibration is a comparison between a known measurement (the standard) and the

measurement using the instrument being tested.
 Typically, the accuracy of the standard should be ten times the accuracy of the measuring
device being tested.
 Calibration of measuring instruments has two objectives: it checks the accuracy of the
instrument and it determines the traceability of the measurement.
 In practice, calibration also includes repair of the device if it is out of calibration.
 A report is provided by the calibration expert, which shows the error in measurements with the
measuring device before and after the calibration.
Procedure :

 Turns OFF all the loads initially.
 Connects the power supply and reads the initial readings.
 Turns ON the loads one by one.
 Checks the current drawn by the load is within the safe limit.
 If so, Notes down the readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter at every loading condition.
 Repeats the above three steps till the current reaches the maximum load current.
 Turns OFF all the loads one by one.
 Turns OFF the power supply to the circuit.
 Performs the calculation to get percentage error at different loading conditions.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Power
measured by
Voltage Current Power
the Error % Error
applied passing measured by
Voltmeter
Sno across the through the the
and E = P- W %E=
lamp load lamp load Wattmeter
Ammeter (watts) Ex100 / P
V (volts) I (amps) W (watts)
Setup
P = VI (watts)
Power measured by the Voltmeter and Ammeter Setup ( P) = VI watts

Power measured by the Wattmeter = W watts
Error (E) = P-W watts
% Error = (Ex100) / P
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type Energymeter.
Single Phase Induction type

1 1-Phase 300V 25A 1
Energymeter

4 1-Phase 300V 0-10A 1
Load
Required
Number
6 Stop Watch with minutes and seconds counter 1
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 Calibration is a comparison between a known measurement (the standard) and the

measurement using the instrument being tested.
 Typically, the accuracy of the standard should be ten times the accuracy of the measuring
device being tested.
 Calibration of measuring instruments has two objectives: it checks the accuracy of the
instrument and it determines the traceability of the measurement.
 In practice, calibration also includes repair of the device if it is out of calibration.
 A report is provided by the calibration expert, which shows the error in measurements with the
measuring device before and after the calibration.
Procedure :

 Turns OFF all the loads initially.
 Connects the power supply and reads the initial readings.
 Turns ON the loads one by one.
 Checks the current drawn by the load is within the safe limit.
 If so, Notes down the readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Timer for ‘N’ revolutions of Disc in the
Energymeter, at every loading condition.
 Repeats the above three steps till the current reaches the maximum load current.
 Turns OFF all the loads one by one.
 Performs the calculation to get percentage error at different loading conditions.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Meter Constant (M) = revolutions / unit

Energy
Voltage measured
Time taken
applied Current by the Energy Error %
by the disc
across passing Voltmeter measured by Error
to
the through and the E=
Sno complete
lamp the lamp Ammeter Energymeter ES – Em %E=
(N)
load load Setup Em = M/N Ex100
revolutions
V I (amps) Et = VIT / (kWh) (kWh) / ES
T (sec)
(volts) (3600X1000)
(kWh)
Energy measured by the Voltmeter, Ammeter and Timer Setup (ES) = (VIT) / (3600 x 1000) kWh
Meter Constant of the Energymeter = M
Considered Number revolutions made by the disc of the Energymeter = N
Energy measured by the Energymeter (Em) = M / N kWh
Error (E) = ES – Em kWh
% Error = (Ex100) / ES
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a Single Phase
Inductive Coil.

4 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 Quality factor:
The quality factor Q for the circuit is the electric energy stored in the circuit divided by the energy
dissipated in one period.
The quality factor of an RL circuit at an operating frequency is defined as the ratio of reactance
of the coil and its resistance.
 Power factor:
It is the ratio of active power of an electrical circuit to its apparent power. The Power Factor is an
indicator of the quality of design and management of an electrical installation. It relies on two
very basic notions: active and apparent power.
The active power P (kW) is the real power transmitted to loads such as motors, lamps, heaters,
and computers. The electrical active power is transformed into mechanical power, heat or light.
Procedure :
 Constructs the circuit as per Circuit Diagram.

 Initially keeps the Moving contact of the auto-transformer to zero position.
 Connects the Single Phase AC supply to the circuit.
 Applies voltage across the two-winding transformer’s primary by rotating the moving contact
of the auto-transformer.
 Notes down the corresponding Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter readings.
 Calculates the Quality factor and Power factor of the circuit.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Power

Impedance Quality
Reading Reading Reading factor
Sno tan ϕ Z=V/I factor
V I P Cos ϕ
(ohms) = tan ϕ
(volts) (amps) (watts) = P / (VI)
 Power factor of the coil (Cos ϕ) = P / (VI)

 Impedance of the coil (Z) = V / I ohms
 Quality factor of the coil (Q) = XL / R
= (Z Sin ϕ) / (Z Cos ϕ)
= tan ϕ
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To determine the Idle and Energy components of current in a Single
Phase Inductive circuit.

4 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
 A Single-Phase AC Circuit deals with three types of powers. They are….

 Apparent Power (S) = V.I in Volt-Amps
 Active Power (P) = V.I.Cos ø in Watts
 Reactive Power (Q) = V.I.Sin ø in Volt-Amp reactive
 From the above equations, it is observed that current (I) has two components.
 One is I.Cos ø which helps in energy (in watt-sec) equation
 Other one is I.Sin ø which is idle.
Procedure :

 Applies voltage across the two-winding transformer’s primary by rotating the moving contact
of the auto-transformer.
 Notes down the corresponding Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter readings.
 Calculates the idle and energy components of current.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Idle Energy
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter
Component Component
Reading Reading Reading Cos ϕ
Sno Sin ϕ of Current of Current
V I P = P / (VI)
= I Sin ϕ = I Cos ϕ
(volts) (amps) (watts)
(amps) (amps)
 Power factor (Cos ø) = P/ (VI)

 Energy component of current = I Cos ø amps
 Idle component of current = I Sin ø amps
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To measure the active power and power factor of a single phase RL
series circuit by using Three Voltmeter method.

5 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
Procedure :

 Initially keeps the Moving contact of the auto-transformer to zero position and rheostat at
maximum resistance position.
 Applies rated voltage across the two-winding transformer’s primary by rotating the moving
contact of the auto-transformer.
 Notes down the corresponding Voltmeters and Ammeter readings.
 Calculates the power and power factor of the circuit.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Voltmeter-1 Voltmeter-2 Voltmeter-3 Power consumed

Ammeter
Sno Reading Reading Reading by the RL load
Reading (amps)
(volts) (volts) (volts) (watts)
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To measure the active power and power factor of a single phase RL
parallel circuit by using Three Ammeter method.

5 115 / 230 V 1 kVA 1
Load
Required
Number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
Procedure :

 Initially keeps the Moving contact of the auto-transformer to zero position and rheostat at
maximum resistance position.
 Applies sufficient voltage across the two-winding transformer’s primary by rotating the moving
contact of the auto-transformer, without exceeding the rated current of the two-winding
transformer’s primary.
 Notes down the corresponding Voltmeter and Ammeters readings.
 Calculates the power and power factor of the circuit.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Voltmeter Ammeter-1 Ammeter-2 Ammeter-3 Power consumed

Sno Reading Reading Reading Reading by the RL load
(volts) (amps) (amps) (amps) (watts)
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
Objective of the experiment : To measure the active power, reactive power and power factor of a
three phase balanced load by using Two Wattmeter method.
4 Three Phase Induction Motor 415V 5A 1
5 Three Phase Auto-Transformer 0-500V 10A 1

Required
Number
Circuit Diagram :
SBTET, AP
Theory :
Procedure :

 Applies voltage across the three phase inductive load in steps by rotating the moving contact
of the auto-transformer, without exceeding the rated current of it.
 Notes down the corresponding Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeters readings at every step.
 Calculates the power and power factor of the circuit at every step the applied voltage.
SBTET, AP
Observations :
Active Power Reactive

Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter-1 Wattmeter-2
Power of factor Power of
Sno Reading Reading Reading Reading
the load of the the load
(volts) (amps) (watts) (watts)
(watts) load (var)
SBTET, AP
Model Graphs :
Precautions :
SBTET, AP
C20 – EE310
Model Question Papers
SBTET, AP
STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING, ANDHRA PRADESH.
DIPLOMA EXAMINATIONS – PRACTICALS
C20 – EE-310 – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS LAB
Duration : 03 hours Formative Assessment – 1 Maximum Marks : 60
Instructions:
I. Any one question is allotted by the lottery system.
II. Each question carries three sub questions: a, b and c of total 54 marks.
III. Viva carries 06 marks.
IV. Perform the test with standard safety procedures by the use of right tools.
1 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Ohm’s law and its limitations. 08 M CO1
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 20 M CO2
(c) Find out what happens when the terminals of one voltage source are 26 M CO2
reversed while working with Super Position Theorem.
2 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Kirchhoff’s 10 M CO1
Current law.
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Thevenin’s Theorem. 20 M CO2
(c) Find out what happens when the connections to the current coil of the 24 M CO3
3 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Super Position Theorem. 12 M CO2
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Ohm’s law and its limitations. 16 M CO1
(c) Find out the amount of power transferred when the value of load resistance 26 M CO2
becomes the half of Thevenin’s Resistance of the remaining circuit.
4 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Thevenin’s Theorem. 10 M CO2
(b) Conduct the test to calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter. 24 M CO3
(c) Find out what happens when the terminals of the voltage source are 20 M CO1
reversed while using Kirchhoff’s laws.
5 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 14 M CO2
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Super Position Theorem. 20 M CO2
(c) Find out what happens when the temperature around a resistor is 20 M CO1
decreased and the voltage across the resistor is increased.
SBTET, AP
6 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to calibrate the given Dynamometer type 14 M CO3
Wattmeter.
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Kirchhoff’s 16 M CO1
Current law.
(c) Find out what happens when the voltage source is replaced with the open 24 M CO2
circuit while using Thevenin’s Theorem.
SBTET, AP
Instructions:
1 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type 14 M CO3
Energymeter.
(b) Conduct the test to determine the Idle and Energy components of current 20 M C04
passing through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit.
(c) Find out what happens when the DC Power Supply is given to the Single 20 M CO5
Phase Inductive Circuit while measuring the power using Three Ammeter
method.
2 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a 12 M C04
(b) Conduct the test to measure the power in a Three Phase Inductive Circuit by 20 M CO5
using Two Wattmeter method.
(c) Find out what happens when the UDC Power Supply is given to the Single 22 M CO5
Phase Inductive Circuit while measuring the power using Three Voltmeter
method.
3 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to determine the Idle and Energy components of 10 M C04
(b) Conduct the test to measure the power in a Single Phase Inductive Circuit by 20 M CO5
using Three Ammeter method.
(c) Find out what happens when the connections to the current coil of the Single 24 M CO3
Phase Induction type Energymeter are reversed.
SBTET, AP
4 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to measure the power in a Single Phase Inductive 12 M CO5
(b) Conduct the test to determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a Single 22 M C04
Phase Inductive Circuit.
(c) Find out what happens when the pointer of a Wattmeter moves in anticlockwise 20 M CO5
direction while measuring the power in a Three Phase Inductive Circuit by
(b) Conduct the test to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type 20 M CO3
Energymeter.
(c) Explain the significance of Idle and Energy components of current passing 22 M C04
through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit, on its performance.
6 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to measure the power in a Three Phase Inductive 14 M CO5
using Three Voltmeter method.
(c) Explain the significance of Quality factor and Power factor on the performance 20 M C04
of an Inductive Circuit.
SBTET, AP
Duration : 03 hours Summative Assessment Maximum Marks : 60
Instructions:
1 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Ohm’s law and its limitations. 08 M CO1
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 20 M CO2
(c) Find out what happens when the terminals of one voltage source are reversed 26 M CO2
while working with Super Position Theorem.
2 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Kirchhoff’s 10 M CO1
Current law.
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Thevenin’s Theorem. 20 M CO2
(c) Find out what happens when the connections to the current coil of the 24 M CO3
3 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Super Position Theorem. 12 M CO2
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Ohm’s law and its limitations. 16 M CO1
(c) Find out the amount of power transferred when the value of load resistance 26 M CO2
becomes the half of Thevenin’s Resistance of the remaining circuit.
4 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Thevenin’s Theorem. 10 M CO2
(b) Conduct the test to calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter. 24 M CO3
(c) Find out what happens when the terminals of the voltage source are reversed 20 M CO1
while using Kirchhoff’s laws.
SBTET, AP
5 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 14 M CO2
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Super Position Theorem. 20 M CO2
(c) Find out what happens when the temperature around a resistor is decreased 20 M CO1
and the voltage across the resistor is increased.
6 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to calibrate the given Dynamometer type Wattmeter. 14 M CO3
(b) Conduct the test to verify the Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Kirchhoff’s Current 16 M CO1
law.
(c) Find out what happens when the voltage source is replaced with the open 24 M CO2
circuit while using Thevenin’s Theorem.
7 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type 14 M CO3
Energymeter.
(b) Conduct the test to determine the Idle and Energy components of current 20 M C04
passing through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit.
(c) Find out what happens when the DC Power Supply is given to the Single 20 M CO5
Phase Inductive Circuit while measuring the power using Three Ammeter
method.
8 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a 12 M C04
(b) Conduct the test to measure the power in a Three Phase Inductive Circuit by 20 M CO5
(c) Find out what happens when the UDC Power Supply is given to the Single 22 M CO5
Phase Inductive Circuit while measuring the power using Three Voltmeter
method.
SBTET, AP
9 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to determine the Idle and Energy components of 10 M C04
using Three Ammeter method.
(c) Find out what happens when the connections to the current coil of the Single 24 M CO3
Phase Induction type Energymeter are reversed.
(b) Conduct the test to determine the Quality factor and Power factor of a Single 22 M C04
Phase Inductive Circuit.
(c) Find out what happens when the pointer of a Wattmeter moves in 20 M CO5
anticlockwise direction while measuring the power in a Three Phase Inductive
(b) Conduct the test to calibrate the given Single Phase Induction type 20 M CO3
Energymeter.
(c) Explain the significance of Idle and Energy components of current passing 22 M C04
through the Single Phase Inductive Circuit, on its performance.
12 . (a) Draw the circuit diagram to measure the power in a Three Phase Inductive 14 M CO5
using Three Voltmeter method.
(c) Explain the significance of Quality factor and Power factor on the performance 20 M C04
of an Inductive Circuit.
SBTET, AP

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STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING

ANDHRA PRADESH :: VIJAYAWADA

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS LAB (EE-310)

MANUAL (AS PER C-20 CURRICULUM)

A survey of the practices currently followed in the technical/technician education shows an

1.1. STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK

Part I. Laboratory Sheet

It is the process of identifying the component activities (sub tasks) to be

4. Need and Scope:

5. Planning and Organisation:

It lists actions to be taken to perform various activities and hence useful in

Part II. Work Sheet

Part III. Experimental Methodology

Part IV. Annexure

1.2. WHO IS TO USE AND HOW TO USE.

1. Co-operation: It is the voluntary arrangement in which two or more students

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS LAB

1 Verification of Ohm’s Law and limitations of Ohm’s Law 1

2 Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Current Law 7

3 Verification of Super Position Theorem 13

4 Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem 19

5 Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 25

6 Calibration of Dynamometer type Wattmeter 31

7 Calibration of Single Phase Induction type Energymeter 37

Determination of Q-factor and Power factor of an Inductive

Determination of Idle & Energy components of Current in a

Measurement of Power in Single Phase circuit by 3-Voltmeter

Measurement of Power in Single Phase circuit by 3-Ammeter

Measurement of Power in Three Phase Balanced circuit by 2-

1. Verification of Ohm’s Law and Limitations of Ohm’s Law

Sno Apparatus Name Specifications Quantity

1 Regulated Power Supply 0-30V, 1 A 1

2 Digital Multimeter DCA: 20uA – 2000uA – 20mA – 200mA – 10A 2

R: 200 ohm – 2000 ohm – 20K – 200K – 2000K

1. Working of the resistor.

2. Working of the regulated power supply.

3. Using the digital multimeter.

4. Using the breadboard.

5. Factors affecting the characteristics of a resistor.

6. Precautions to be taken while handling the equipment.

1. Verification of Ohm’s Law and Limitations of Ohm’s Law

Category of Skill Sub Task

A Drawing circuit diagram and identifying various terminals.

C Identifying the Sources of Energy.

A Setting up the Regulated Power Supplies to required voltages

A Recording the values of voltages.

B Recording the values of currents.

E Recording the values of resistance with temperature effect.

1. Verification of Ohm’s Law and Limitations of Ohm’s Law

2 Explaining the limitations of Ohm’s Law. 3

3 Explaining the functioning of Regulated Power Supply. 3

4 Interpreting the Colour Coding of the Resistor. 3

5 Explaining the usage of Digital Multimeter. 2

6 Explaining the precautions to be taken. 1

Total Time (mins) 15

2. Ensuring the correct range of meters.

3. Checking the circuit by the concerned staff member.

4. Avoiding loose contacts.