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    Fibres

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    sanjaydhanwaria
    The document discusses different types of fibres including natural fibres obtained from plants and animals as well as synthetic fibres produced in a laboratory. It provides examples of natural fibres like wool obtained from sheep and silk obtained from silkworms. It also discusses the first synthetic fibre nylon and other synthetic fibres like rayon and their advantages over natural fibres.

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    Fibres

    Uploaded by

    sanjaydhanwaria
    23 views2 pages
    The document discusses different types of fibres including natural fibres obtained from plants and animals as well as synthetic fibres produced in a laboratory. It provides examples of natural fibres like wool obtained from sheep and silk obtained from silkworms. It also discusses the first synthetic fibre nylon and other synthetic fibres like rayon and their advantages over natural fibres.

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    Project on different types of fibres

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    The document discusses different types of fibres including natural fibres obtained from plants and animals as well as synthetic fibres produced in a laboratory. It provides examples of natural fibres like wool obtained from sheep and silk obtained from silkworms. It also discusses the first synthetic fibre nylon and other synthetic fibres like rayon and their advantages over natural fibres.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    23 views2 pages

    Fibres

    Uploaded by

    sanjaydhanwaria
    The document discusses different types of fibres including natural fibres obtained from plants and animals as well as synthetic fibres produced in a laboratory. It provides examples of natural fibres like wool obtained from sheep and silk obtained from silkworms. It also discusses the first synthetic fibre nylon and other synthetic fibres like rayon and their advantages over natural fibres.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Fibres

    Fibres are thread-like structures that are long, thin and flexible. These may be spun into yarns and then made into fabrics. There can be
    different types of fibres. On the basis of their origin, fibres are classified as natural fibres and synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres can be
    produced in laboratory and can be cheaper compared to natural fibres, but natural fibres are much more comfortable.

    Natural Fibres
    Natural fibres are the fibres that are obtained from plants, animals or mineral sources. Some examples are cotton, silk, wool etc. Natural
    fibres can again be divided into two types based on their source i.e., plants and animals.

    Examples of Natural Fibres


    1. Animal fibres: These are the fibres that are obtained from animals. For example, Wool, silk etc.

     Wool: Wool is a natural textile fibre obtained from sheep, goats and camels. It traps a lot of air. Air is a bad conductor of heat. This makes
    clothes made from wool useful in winter.
     Silk: Silk is also a natural textile fibre which is obtained from silkworms. The rearing of silkworms to obtain silk is known as sericulture.
    Silk is mainly used for manufacturing clothes. Woven silk fibres are used for the construction of parachutes and bicycle tires

    2. Plant fibres: These are the ones that are obtained from plants. These fibres are extracted from the plants to make fabrics.

     Cotton: It is one of the plant fibres that are used to make clothes. It is a soft staple fibre that is found as a balls around the seeds in a
    cotton plant. Cotton is used to make soft, breathable, and durable textile.
     Jute: It is a vegetable fibre that is soft, shiny and spun into coarse strong threads. Jute fibre is used for packaging a wide range of
    agricultural and industrial commodities that require bags, sacks, packs, and wrappings.

    Synthetic Fibres
    The first artificial fiber (from plant cellulose) was made in 1910. The first fully synthetic fiber was nylon, was first produced by Wallace
    Carothers, who was working for Du Pont, on February 28th, 1935.

    Carothers’s work in linear super-polymers began as an unrestricted foray into the unknown, with no practical objective in mind. But the
    research was in a new field in chemistry and Du Pont believed that any new chemical breakthrough would likely be of value to the company.
    In the course of research Carothers obtained some super-polymers that became viscous solids at high temperatures, and the observation was
    made that filaments could be made from this material if a rod were dipped in the molten polymer and withdrawn. At this discovery the focus
    of the project shifted to these filaments and `Nylon` was the result.
    Dr. Julian Hill, another member of the Carothers team, began work again on attempting to produce a polyester with a molecular weight of
    above 4,000. His efforts were soon met with great success when he produced a synthetic polymer with a molecular weight of about 12,000.
    The high molecular weight allowed the melted polymer to be stretched out into strings of fiber. Thus was created the first synthetic silk,
    described by the chemists as a super polyester.

    Synthetic fibres are man-made polymers designed to make a fabric. Polymers are obtained when many small units are joined together
    chemically.

    Some of the examples of synthetic fibres are:

     Rayon: It is made from wood pulp. It is also known as artificial silk as it has characteristics resembling silk. Rayon is mainly used in
    clothing, carpets, medical dressings and for insulation. Rayon is a semi synthetic fibre.
     Nylon: It was the first synthetic fibre. It is used in the making of ropes, sleeping bags, parachutes, different types of clothes, etc. It is one
    of the strongest fibres known to us.

    Advantages of Synthetic Fibres:


     They can be washed and dried quickly.
     They are easy to maintain.
     They are cheaper than natural fibres.
     Easily available.
     Do not wrinkle easily and are very durable.

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