1 When chlorine gas is analysed in a mass spectrometer 35Cl + ions are detected.

Which row is correct?

number of electronic
neutrons in 35Cl + configuration of 35Cl +

A 17 1s22s22p63s23p4
B 17 1s22s22p63s23p6
C 18 1s22s22p63s23p4
D 18 1s22s22p63s23p6

2 Which species is a free radical?

A He B Be– C O2– D Zn

3 If 1 mole of hexane combusts in an excess of oxygen, how many moles of products are formed?

A 11 B 12 C 13 D 14

4 Separate samples, each of mass 1.0 g, of the compounds listed are treated with an excess of dilute
acid.

Which compound releases the largest amount of CO2?

A 1.0 g CaCO3 B 1.0 g Li2CO3 C 1.0 g MgCO3 D 1.0 g Na2CO3

5 Which statement about the Cl –N=O molecule is correct?

A Each molecule contains one and two bonds.

B It is a non-polar molecule.
C It is a linear molecule.
D The nitrogen atom is sp2 hybridised .
6 Which row is correct?

total number of pairs of electrons in

molecule shape
the valence shell of the central atom

A CO2 linear two

B BF3 trigonal planar three
C NH3 regular tetrahedral four
D PF5 octahedral six

7 The volume of a vessel is 1.20 s 10–3 m3. It contains pure argon at a pressure of 1.00 s 105 Pa,
and at a temperature of 25.0 °C. Under these conditions it can be assumed that argon behaves as
an ideal gas.

Which mass of argon does it contain?

A 0.0485 g B 1.93 g C 10.4 g D 23.0 g

8 A student mixed 25.0 cm3 of 4.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid with an equal volume of 4.00 mol dm–3
sodium hydroxide. The initial temperature of both solutions was 15.0 °C. The maximum temperature
recorded was 30.0 °C. The heat capacity of the final solution can be assumed to be 4.18 J K–1 g–1
and the density of this solution can be assumed to be 1.00 g cm–3.

Using these results, what is the enthalpy change of neutralisation of hydrochloric acid?

A –62.7 kJ mol–1
B –31.4 kJ mol–1
C –15.7 kJ mol–1
D –3.14 kJ mol–1

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9 Nitrogen monoxide is rapidly oxidised to nitrogen dioxide.

2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)

Nitrogen dioxide can then dimerise to form dinitrogen tetroxide.

2NO2(g) N2O4(g) H o = –58 kJ mol–1

H of NO = +91 kJ mol–1 and H of NO2 = +34 kJ mol–1

What is the value of the standard enthalpy change for the reaction shown?

2NO(g) + O2(g) → N2O4(g)

A +56 kJ mol–1 B –1 kJ mol–1 C –115 kJ mol–1 D –172 kJ mol–1

10 LiAl H4contains Al H 4– ions in which aluminium has an oxidation state of +3.

LiAl H4 reacts with water, as shown.

LiAl H4 + 4H2O → 4H2 + LiOH + Al (OH)3

In this reaction, each of the four water molecules produces one hydroxide ion. It does this by losing
one H+ ion, which reacts with the LiAl H 4.

Which changes in oxidation number occur in this reaction?

A Al increases by 1 and H decreases by 1.

B H decreases by 2 and also increases by 1.
C H increases by 1 and also decreases by 1.
D O decreases by 1 and H increases by 1.

11 The vanadium salt, VOSO4, is soluble in water and reacts readily with powdered manganese in
dilute sulfuric acid.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

Mn(s) + 2VOSO4(aq) + 2H2SO4(aq) → V2(SO4)3(aq) + MnSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

A Hydrogen is oxidised in the reaction.

B Manganese is the reducing agent in this reaction.
C Sulfuric acid is the oxidising agent in this reaction.
D The oxidation state of the vanadium changes from +5 to +3.
12 In which equilibrium will an increase in pressure at constant temperature increase the yield of the
products on the right-hand side of the equation?

A CaCO3(s) “ CaO(s) + CO2(g)

B 4HCl (g) + O2(g) “ 2H2O(g) + 2Cl 2(g)
C 2HI(g) “ H2(g) + I2(g)
D 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) “ Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

13 The equations for two reactions are shown.

reaction X 2NOBr → 2NO + Br2

reaction Y 2NOCl → 2NO + Cl 2

The two reactions have similar reaction mechanisms.

The initial rate of reaction X is greater than that of reaction Y when measured under identical
conditions of temperature, pressure and reactant concentration.

Which statements explain this difference?

1 The activation energy for reaction X is less than that of reaction Y.

2 The Br−Br bond is weaker than the Cl −Cl bond.

3 A higher frequency of collisions between molecules of NOBr occur than between

molecules of NOCl .

A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 1 only D 3 only

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14 The diagram shows the Boltzmann distribution of energies in a gas. The gas can take part in a
reaction with an activation energy, Ea. The gas is maintained at a constant temperature.

proportion of
molecules with
a given energy

0
0 Ea
molecular energy

Which statement is correct?

A If a catalyst is added, peak P will be lower and Ea will move to the left.
B If a catalyst is added, peak P will be lower and Ea will move to the right.
C If a catalyst is added, peak P will be the same and Ea will move to the left.
D If a catalyst is added, peak P will be the same and Ea will move to the right.

15 L, M and N are three different elements from Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

L is the element whose atoms have three unpaired electrons in its 3p sub-shell.

M is the element with the highest electrical conductivity in the period.

N is the element with the highest melting point in the period.

Which statement about element L is correct?

A L has a higher atomic number than M and a lower atomic number than N.
B L has a lower atomic number than M and a higher atomic number than N.
C L has a lower atomic number than both M and N.
D L has a higher atomic number than both M and N.
16 In reactions 1 and 2, X represents an element in Period 3.

In each reaction, X is forming a product where X is in its highest oxidation state.

reaction 1 chlorine + element X → XyCl z

reaction 2 oxygen + element X → XpOq

Which ratios show a steady increase from sodium to phosphorus?

A neither z : y nor q : p
B z : y only
C q : p only
D both z : y and q : p

17 The table compares calcium with barium and calcium carbonate with barium carbonate.

Which row is correct?

reactivity of the thermal stability of

element with water the metal carbonate

A barium is more reactive barium carbonate is more stable

B barium is more reactive calcium carbonate is more stable
C calcium is more reactive barium carbonate is more stable
D calcium is more reactive calcium carbonate is more stable

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18 J dissolves in water to give an aqueous solution K.

K gives a dense white precipitate when aqueous silver nitrate is added.

When heated with aqueous potassium hydroxide, K gives off a gas that turns moist universal
indicator paper blue.

What is J?

A ammonium chloride
B ammonium sulfate
C sodium chloride
D sodium hydroxide

19 Ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, and ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, are used as fertilisers.

These salts have different percentages by mass of nitrogen. They have the same effect as each
other on the pH of wet neutral soil.

Which row is correct?

higher percentage
effect on pH of soil
of nitrogen by mass

A ammonium nitrate decrease

B ammonium nitrate increase
C ammonium sulfate decrease
D ammonium sulfate increase
20 The equation shows a reaction that occurs between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide in a
catalytic converter.

2CO(g) + 2NO(g) → 2CO2(g) + N2(g)

Which statement is correct?

A The catalyst used is finely divided iron.

B The reaction prevents greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
C The reaction reduces the possibility of the formation of photochemical smog.
D The reaction results in increased ozone depletion.

21 Which compound has the molecular formula C6H10O?

A B C D
O
O
O
OH

22 The general formula for a non-cyclic alcohol is CnH2n+1OH.

How many different structural isomers are there for n = 3 and n = 4?

n =3 n =4

A 2 2
B 2 4
C 3 4
D 3 8

23 Compound X, C5H10O3, has one chiral carbon atom per molecule. Compound X produces bubbles
with Na but not with Na2CO3.

Which formula could represent compound X?

A (CH3)2C(OH)CO2CH3
B HOCH2CH(CH3)CO2CH3
C CH3CH2C(CH3)(OH)CO2H
D CH3CH(OH)CH(CH3)CO2H

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24 Ethane reacts with an excess of chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light to form a mixture of
products.

How many of these products contain two carbon atoms and one or more chlorine atoms?

A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9

25 When bromoethane reacts with hot ethanolic sodium hydroxide a colourless gas is formed. This
gas decolourises aqueous bromine.

What is the colourless gas?

A 1,2-dibromoethane
B ethanol
C ethene
D hydrogen bromide

26 Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain one triple C≡C bond.

Like alkenes, alkynes take part in addition reactions. A saturated compound can be formed.

For example, ethyne, H–C≡C–H, reacts with an excess of hydrogen to form ethane.

Propyne, C3H4, undergoes an addition reaction with an excess of hydrogen bromide in two stages.
Markovnikov’s rule applies to the addition of HBr at each stage.

What is the main product obtained when propyne reacts with an excess of hydrogen bromide?

A CH2BrCH2CH2Br
B CH3CH2CHBr2

C CH3CHBrCH2Br
D CH3CBr2CH3

27 Bromine reacts with alkenes by an electrophilic addition mechanism in which a cation is formed as
an intermediate.

Which mixture will produce the most stable intermediate cation?

A 3,3-dimethylpent-1-ene + bromine
B ethene + bromine
C methylpropene + bromine
D propene + bromine
28 Halogenoalkanes react with hot ethanolic potassium cyanide.

The reaction mechanism is either SN1 or SN2.

Which statement is correct?

A All secondary halogenoalkanes react by the SN2 mechanism only.

B Both the halogenoalkane and the cyanide ion are involved in the initial step of the SN1
mechanism.
C Chloroethane reacts with cyanide ions by the SN1 mechanism only.
D The SN2 mechanism involves a short-lived negatively charged transition state.

29 X, Y and Z are three isomeric alcohols.

X CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

Y CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3

Z (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

Separate samples of each alcohol are warmed with a mild oxidising agent and the results noted.

One of these alcohols, when dehydrated, will give a pair of cis-trans isomers with molecular formula
C5H10.

Which row is correct?

reacts with mild gives cis/trans

oxidising reagents isomers

A X, Y and Z Y only
B X, Y and Z Z only
C X and Y only Y only
D X and Y only Z only

30 Compound G gives a pale yellow precipitate with alkaline I2(aq).

What could be compound G?

A pentan-1-ol
B pentan-2-ol
C pentan-3-ol
D 2-methylpentan-2-ol

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31 The mechanism for the reaction between ethanal and hydrogen cyanide starts with the step shown.

H O
H C C

H H
CN–

What is the correct structure of the intermediate ion formed, and what is the next step in this
mechanism?

A B C D

H +O H CN H –
O H CN H +O H CN H –
O H CN

H C C H H C C H H C C H H C C H

H C H C H C H C

N N N N

32 Which compound reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent but does not react with Tollens’
reagent?

A CH3COCO2H
B CH3CH(OH)CHO
C CH3COCHO
D CH3CH(OH)CH3

33 Compound X has stereoisomers and forms a precipitate when warmed with Fehling’s reagent.

What could be the structure of compound X?

A B C D
O

O O O
34 Which reaction will form propanoic acid?

A acidic hydrolysis of propyl ethanoate

B alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl propanoate
C acidic hydrolysis of propanenitrile
D acidic hydrolysis of ethanenitrile

35 The diagram shows the relative abundance of different isotopes of lead in a sample of lead ore.
The abundance of 208 is half that of 206. The abundances of 208 and 209 are equal.

100

75

% abundance
50

25

0
206 207 208 209 Ar

What is the relative atomic mass of the lead in the sample?

A 207.00 B 207.25 C 207.50 D 207.67