Cambridge O Level

PHYSICS 5054/22
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 11 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) (distance =) area (under graph) or 77  56 or ½  77  70 or 4300 or C1

2700 or ½  77  (56 + 126)

77  56 + (½  77  70) or 4300 + 2700 or ½  77  (56 + 126) C1

7000 m or 7.0  103 m or 7.0 km A1

1(b)(i) (a =) v / t or 77 / 70 (etc.) C1

1.1 m / s2 A1

1(b)(ii) (F =) ma or 3.8  105  1.1 C1

4.2  105 N A1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) ( =) m / V or ( =) m / hA or 2.9  104 / 3.6 or 2.9  104 / (2.0  1.8) C1

8.1  103 kg / m3 A1

2(b)(i) (g.p.e. =) mgh or 2.9  104  10  0.80 C1

2.3  105 J A1

2(b)(ii) k.e. / ½mv2 = g.p.e. / mgh / 2.3  105 or (v =) 2gDh or 2  10  0.80 C1

(v =) 2gDh or 2  10  0.80 C1

4.0 m / s A1

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Question Answer Marks

3(a) chemical potential energy and no other energy B1

3(b)(i) radiation or infrared mentioned B1

radiation and infrared (travel to the man) B1

energy / infrared / radiation absorbed by the man / pullover or travels in straight line or travels at the speed of light or B1
increases (man’s) internal energy

3(b)(ii) (shiny surface) reflects radiation (to man) B1

less (thermal) energy escapes or more (thermal) energy reaches / absorbed by man B1

3(b)(iii) EITHER B1
black (surface) is good absorber / poor reflector of infrared radiation

more (thermal) energy absorbed or more thermal energy transferred to man B1

OR (B1)
trapped air and reduced convection / air poor conductor / air is a good insulator

less (thermal) energy lost (B1)

Question Answer Marks

4(a) B1
equipment e.g. (evacuable) container and (suspended electric) bell / source of sound and (air) pump

B1
action e.g. ringing / sound (produced) / sound heard and evacuate air / vacuum (produced)

B1
observation e.g. transmission / hearing of sound ceases / no sound

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Question Answer Marks

4(b) (they) vibrate M1

(vibration) parallel to / in the direction of propagation / of energy travel A1

4(c) (point where) molecules are further apart (than average) or B1

(point where) pressure / density is lower (than average)

4(d) ( = ) v / f or 1500 / 140 000 C1

1.1  10–2 m or 1.1 cm or 11 mm A1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) energy work done B1

energy / work done per unit charge or or
charge charge

property of a source / cell / battery / power supply or energy used driving charge around a (complete) circuit or energy B1
transferred to electrical energy

5(b) it lasts for a longer time or more (electrical) energy available or power B1
supply still functions if one cell fails / runs flat or can replace one cell without stopping circuit / stopping current

5(c)(i) resistance (of thermistor / circuit) decreases c.a.o. B1

current change or voltage change across thermistor matching the change in the resistance of the resistor B1

reading of voltmeter increases c.a.o. B1

5(c)(ii) (V1 =) V0  R1 / R0 or 1.5  4000 / (4000 + 8000) or 1.5  4000 / 12 000 or I = V / R or 1.5  8000 / (4000 + 8000) C1
or I =1.5 / 12 000 or 0.125 mA

0.50 V A1

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) magnetic field / flux mentioned B1

changing / alternating (magnetic) field B1

voltage induced (in secondary coil) B1

6(b)(i) (VS =) VP  NS / NP or 240  350 / 5600 C1

15 V A1

6(b)(ii) (I =) P / V or 90 / 15 C1

6.0 A A1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) (surface) water contracts (as it cools) or molecules (at surface) become closer B1

(surface / cold) water / its density increases or density greater than rest of water B1

surface / cold / dense water sinks or deeper / warm / less dense water rises / moves upwards B1

7(b)(i) conduction and no other mechanism of thermal transfer B1

7(b)(ii) it is a good conductor (of thermal energy) B1

7(c)(i) 0.75 or 83 seen or 100 – 17 seen C1

(E =) mcT or 0.75  4200  83 or 750  4200  83 or 2.6  108 C1

2.6  105 J A1

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Question Answer Marks

7(c)(ii) occurs (only) at a specific temperature / boiling point B1

occurs throughout the liquid or produces bubbles or does not produce cooling or does not depend on draught / surface B1
area

7(c)(iii) does work against the forces / breaks the bonds (between the molecules) or increases the potential energy (of the B1
molecules)

so that / as the molecules move apart / separate (and become gas molecules) B1

7(c)(iv) (m =) E / lv or Pt / lv or 10  60 or 600 or 7.8  105 C1

1300  60  10 / 2.3  106 or 1300  10 / 2.3  106 C1

0.34 kg A1

Question Answer Marks

8(a) electrons move from the cloth / to the rod B1

cloth becomes positively charged B1

8(b) mention of free / mobile / delocalised / sea of electrons B1

(free) electrons present in metal and not present in plastic B1

8(c)(i) positive signs at top (half) of sphere and negative signs at the bottom B1

equal number of each and number ⩽ 7 B1

8(c)(ii) negative charges / electrons flow to earth (and positive charges do not move B1

8(c)(iii) (only) top of sphere is / stays positive B1

bottom of sphere is uncharged / neutral B1

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Question Answer Marks

8(c)(iv) charges repel each other or as earth wire is disconnected, charge distribution does not change B1

(positive) charge is spread (uniformly) over (the surface of) the sphere B1

8(d)(i) (region of space) where an (electrically) charged particle / charge experiences an (extra) force B1

8(d)(ii) at least five straight lines outside Y and none curved and perpendicular to the surface B1

at least one arrowhead pointing inwards and none wrong B1

field lines uniformly spaced at surface of sphere and no crossing / touching anywhere B1

Question Answer Marks

9(a) B1
yes no it is not possible to tell

it emits an -particle ✓
}
it emits a -particle ✓

B1
yes no it is not possible to tell

it emits a -ray ✓

9(b)(i) (both have) 91 protons / equal numbers of protons (in nucleus) B1

9(b)(ii) (they have) different numbers of neutrons (in nucleus) / nucleons B1

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Question Answer Marks

9(c)(i) (count that is) always present or due to the environment / surroundings or not deliberately introduced or not being tested B1

any two from: B2

rock sources (e.g. benches, building materials, human body, Earth crust)
air sources (e.g. radon)

cosmic sources (e.g. Sun, space)

9(c)(ii) use tongs / tweezers / forceps or wear lead(-lined) clothing / lead(-lined) gloves or wear goggles or reduce time of exposure B1
or keep distance of separation large

9(c)(iii) (radioactive) emission is a random process / occurs at random intervals B1

measurements fluctuate (about an average value) B1

9(c)(iv) (coordinates of) two points from curve, e.g. (0, 58) and (70, 29) C1

(coordinates of) two points from curve and at least two half-lives apart, C1
e.g. (0, 58) and (138, 14.5) or 64.0 ⩽  ⩽ 74.0

66.0 s ⩽  ⩽ 73.5 s A1

9(c)(v) (large half-life because of) slow rate of decay B1

radiation / count rate due to 234

imperceptible / very much less than that of 234
or (nearly) all of measured B1
92 U 91Pa
234
radiation / count rate due to 91Pa

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