B5 Practice Qs

B5 Practice Qs [97 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 1] SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.10

Four identical resistors, each of resistance R, are connected as shown.
What is the effective resistance between P and Q?
A.
3R
B. R
C.
4R
D. 4R [1]
Markscheme
A
2. [Maximum mark: 1] SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.11
Conductor X is connected to a cell of emf E. A power of 16 W is
dissipated in X.
Conductor Y is made from the same material with the same diameter as
X but is twice as long. A cell of emf 2E is connected to Y.
Both cells have negligible internal resistance.
What power is dissipated in Y?
A. 8.0 W
B. 16 W
C. 32 W
D. 64 W [1]
Markscheme
C
3. [Maximum mark: 20] EXE.2.SL.TZ0.2
An Alpine village uses an electric tram system to transport visitors from a lower
station up to an upper station at the village. The length of the tramline is 3.0 km
and the gradient of the tramline is a constant 10°.
The tram has a weight of 5.0 × 104 N and can carry a maximum of 75 passengers
of average weight 710 N.
The energy is supplied to each tram through a single overhead cable with a
resistance per unit length of 0.024 Ω km−1. The tram rails are used for the return
path of the current. The return path and the connections from the cable to the
electric motor in the tram have negligible resistance.
The power supply maintains a constant emf of 500 V between the rails and the
cable at the upper station.
Assume that the current through the motor is constant at 600 A and that the
motor efficiency is always 0.90 for the entire range of voltages available to the
tram.
(a) A tram is just leaving the lower railway station.
Determine, as the train leaves the lower station,
(a.i) the pd across the motor of the tram, [2]
Markscheme
Resistance of cable = 0.072 Ω ✓
Pd is (500 − 0.072 × 600) = 457 V ✓
(a.ii) the mechanical power output of the motor. [2]
Markscheme
Power input = 457 × 600 = 274 kW ✓
Power output = 0.9 × 274 = 247 kW ✓
(b) Discuss the variation in the power output of the motor with
distance from the lower station. [2]
Markscheme
The pd across the motor increases as the tram travels up the track ✓
(As the current is constant), the power output also rises ✓
(c) The total friction in the system acting on the tram is equivalent
to an opposing force of 750 N.
For one particular journey, the tram is full of passengers.
Estimate the maximum speed v of the tram as it leaves the lower

station. [4]
Markscheme
Total weight of tram = 75 × 710 + 5 × 104 = 1.03 × 105 N ✓
Total force down track = 750 + 1.03 × 105 sin (10) = 1.87 × 104 N ✓
Use of P= F × v ✓
(v = 247 000 ÷ 1.87 × 104)= 13 m s−1 ✓
(d) The tram travels at v throughout the journey. Two trams are
available so that one is returning to the lower station on
another line while the other is travelling to the village. The
journeys take the same time.
It takes 1.5 minutes to unload and 1.5 minutes to load each

tram. Ignore the time taken to accelerate the tram at the
beginning and end of the journey.
Estimate the maximum number of passengers that can be

carried up to the village in one hour. [4]
Markscheme
Time for run = s/v = 3000 ÷ 13.2 = 227 s ✓
3 minutes loading = 180 s
So one trip = 407 s ✓
And there are 3600/407 trips per hour = 8.84 ✓
So 8 complete trips with 75 = 600 passengers ✓
(e) There are eight wheels on each tram with a brake system for
each wheel. A pair of brake pads clamp firmly onto an annulus
made of steel.
The train comes to rest from speed v. Ignore the energy

transferred to the brake pads and the change in the
gravitational potential energy of the tram during the braking.
Calculate the temperature change in each steel annulus as the

tram comes to rest.
Data for this question
The inner radius of the annulus is 0.40 m and the outer radius is
0.50 m.
The thickness of the annulus is 25 mm.
The density of the steel is 7860 kg m−3

[4]
The specific heat capacity of the steel is 420 J kg−1 K−1
Markscheme
Work leading to volume = 7.1 x 10−3 m3 ✓
Work leading to mass of steel = 55 .8 kg ✓
Kinetic Energy transferred per annulus =

1 2
mv 1 1.03×10
5
2 2
= × × 13
8 16 9.81
= 110 kJ ✓
5
Ek 1.1×10
ΔT = = = 4. 7 K ✓
mc 55.8×420
(f ) The speed of the tram is measured by detecting a beam of

microwaves of wavelength 2.8 cm reflected from the rear of the
tram as it moves away from the station. Predict the change in
wavelength of the microwaves at the stationary microwave
detector in the station. [2]
Markscheme
Δλ v
Use of λ
≈
c
✓
1.2 nm ✓
4. [Maximum mark: 1] 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.17
Three lamps (X, Y and Z) are connected as shown in the circuit. The emf
of the cell is 20 V. The internal resistance of the cell is negligible. The
power dissipated by X, Y and Z is 10 W, 20 W and 20 W respectively.
What is the voltage across Lamp X and Lamp Y?
Lamp X Lamp Y
A. 16 V 4V
B. 4V 16 V
C. 4V 8V
D. 16 V 16 V
[1]
Markscheme
B

X and Y are two conductors with the same diameter, made from the
same material. Y is twice the length of X. They are connected in series to
a cell of emf ε.
X dissipates power P.
What is the power dissipated by Y?
A.
P
B. P
C. 2P
D. 4P [1]
Markscheme
C
Four identical lamps are connected in a circuit. The current through
lamp L is I.
The lamps are rearranged using the same cell.
What is the current through L?
A.
I
B.
I
C. I
D. 2I [1]
Markscheme
C

Two resistors of equal resistance R are connected with two cells of emf ε
and 2ε. Both cells have negligible internal resistance.
What is the current in the resistor labelled X?
A. 2R
ε
B. 3ε
2R
C. ε
D. 3ε
R
[1]
Markscheme
C
A variable resistor is connected to a cell with emf ε and internal
resistance r as shown. When the current in the circuit is I, the potential
difference measured across the terminals of the cell is V.
The resistance of the variable resistor is doubled.
What is true about the current and the potential difference?
Current Potential difference
A. greater than
I
2
greater than V
B. less than
I
2
greater than V
C. greater than
I
2
equal to V
D. less than
I
2
equal to V
[1]
Markscheme

Two resistors of equal resistance R are connected with two cells of emf ε
and 2ε. Both cells have negligible internal resistance.
What is the current in the resistor labelled X?
A. 2R
ε
B. 3ε
2R
C. ε
D. 3ε
R
[1]
Markscheme
C
10. [Maximum mark: 8] 23M.2.HL.TZ1.4
(a) A cell of negligible internal resistance and electromotive force
(emf ) 6.0 V is connected to three resistors R, P and Q.
R is an ohmic resistor. The I-V characteristics of P and Q are

shown in the graph.
The current in P is 0.40 A.
(a.i) Show that the current in Q is 0.45 A. [3]
Markscheme
Voltage across P is 1.4 «V» ✓
Voltage across Q is 4.6 «V» ✓
And 6 – 1.4 = 4.6 «V» ✓

Need to see a calculation involving the two voltages and the total voltage in the circuit for MP3 (e.g. 1.4 +
4.6 = 6).
(a.ii) Calculate the resistance of R. [2]
Markscheme
Current in R is «(0.45 − 0.4)=» 0.05 A ✓
So resistance is « 0.05
1.4
» = 28 «Ω»
Allow ECF from a(i)
Allow ECF from MP1
(a.iii) Calculate the total power dissipated in the circuit. [1]
Markscheme
«0.45 × 6.0» = 2.7 «W»✓
(b) Resistor P is removed. State and explain, without any

calculations, the effect of this on the resistance of Q. [2]
Markscheme
Q will have a smaller resistance ✓
«Because total resistance in the circuit is now larger so» the current
«through the
circuit/Q» is smaller / OWTTE ✓
Allow similar argument for MP2 based on voltage across Q becoming smaller.
11. [Maximum mark: 8] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.4
(a) A cell of negligible internal resistance and electromotive force
(emf ) 6.0 V is connected to three resistors R, P and Q.
R is an ohmic resistor. The I-V characteristics of P and Q are

shown in the graph.
The current in P is 0.40 A.
(a.i) Show that the current in Q is 0.45 A. [3]
Markscheme
Voltage across P is 1.4 «V» ✓
Voltage across Q is 4.6 «V» ✓
And 6 – 1.4 = 4.6 «V» ✓

Need to see a calculation involving the two voltages and the total voltage in the circuit for MP3 (e.g. 1.4 +
4.6 = 6).
(a.ii) Calculate the resistance of R. [2]
Markscheme
Current in R is «(0.45 − 0.4)=» 0.05 A ✓
So resistance is « 0.05
1.4
» = 28 «Ω»
Allow ECF from a(i)
Allow ECF from MP1
(a.iii) Calculate the total power dissipated in the circuit. [1]
Markscheme
«0.45 × 6.0» = 2.7 «W»✓
(b) Resistor P is removed. State and explain, without any

calculations, the effect of this on the resistance of Q. [2]
Markscheme
Q will have a smaller resistance ✓
«Because total resistance in the circuit is now larger so» the current
«through the
circuit/Q» is smaller / OWTTE ✓
Allow similar argument for MP2 based on voltage across Q becoming smaller.
12. [Maximum mark: 1] 22N.1A.SL.TZ0.17
A cell of negligible internal resistance is connected to three identical
resistors. The current in the cell is 3.0 A.
The resistors are now arranged in series.
What is the new current in the cell?
A. 1.0 A
B. 1.5 A
C. 3.0 A
D. 9.0 A [1]
Markscheme
B
In the circuit shown, the battery has an emf of 12 V and negligible
internal resistance. Three identical resistors are connected as shown.
The resistors each have a resistance of 10 Ω.
The resistor L is removed. What is the change in potential at X?
A. Increases by 2 V
B. Decreases by 2 V
C. Increases by 4 V
D. Decreases by 4 V [1]
Markscheme
B
Two cells are connected in parallel as shown below. Each cell has an
emf of 5.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 Ω. The lamp has a
resistance of 4.0 Ω. The ammeter is ideal.
What is the reading on the ammeter?
A. 1.0 A
B. 1.3 A
C. 2.0 A
D. 2.5 A [1]
Markscheme
A
Three identical resistors each of resistance R are connected with a
variable resistor X as shown. X is initially set to R. The current in the cell
is 0.60 A.
The cell has negligible internal resistance.
X is now set to zero. What is the current in the cell?
A. 0.45 A
B. 0.60 A
C. 0.90 A
D. 1.80 A [1]
Markscheme
C
A battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a lamp. A
second identical lamp is added in series. What is the change in
potential difference across the first lamp and what is the change in the
output power of the battery?
[1]
Markscheme
A
A circuit consists of a cell of emf E = 3.0 V and four resistors connected
as shown. Resistors R1 and R4 are 1.0 Ω and resistors R2 and R3 are 2.0 Ω.
What is the voltmeter reading?
A. 0.50 V
B. 1.0 V
C. 1.5 V
D. 2.0 V [1]
Markscheme
B
A cell has an emf of 3.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 Ω. The cell is
connected in series with a resistance of 10 Ω.
What is the terminal potential difference of the cell?
A. 0.5 V
B. 1.5 V
C. 2.5 V
D. 3.0 V [1]
Markscheme
C
Two wires, X and Y, are made of the same material and have equal
length. The diameter of X is twice that of Y.
What is ?
resistance of X
resistance of Y
A. 1
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4 [1]
Markscheme
A
An electric motor of efficiency 0.75 is connected to a power supply with
an emf of 20 V and negligible internal resistance. The power output of
the motor is 120 W. What is the average current drawn from the power
supply?
A. 3.1 A
B. 4.5 A
C. 6.0 A
D. 8.0 A [1]
Markscheme
D
A variable resistor is connected in series to a cell with internal
resistance r as shown.
The resistance of the variable resistor is increased. What happens to the

power dissipated in the cell and to the terminal potential difference of
the cell?
[1]
Markscheme
A
Two conductors S and T have the V/I characteristic graphs shown below.
When the conductors are placed in the circuit below, the reading of the
ammeter is 6.0 A.
What is the emf of the cell?
A. 4.0 V
B. 5.0 V
C. 8.0 V
D. 13 V
[1]
Markscheme

For a real cell in a circuit, the terminal potential difference is at its
closest to the emf when
A. the internal resistance is much smaller than the load resistance.
B. a large current flows in the circuit.
C. the cell is not completely discharged.
D. the cell is being recharged. [1]
Markscheme
A
A circuit contains a variable resistor of maximum resistance R and a
fixed resistor, also of resistance R, connected in series. The emf of the
battery is 6. 0 V and its internal resistance is negligible.
What are the initial and final voltmeter readings when the variable
resistor is increased from an initial resistance of zero to a final
resistance of R?
[1]
Markscheme
C
The diagram shows two cylindrical wires, X and Y. Wire X has a length l,
a diameter d, and a resistivity ρ. Wire Y has a length 2l, a diameter of
ρ
and a resistivity of .
d
2 2
What is ?
resistance of X
resistance of Y
A. 4
B. 2
C. 0.5
D. 0.25 [1]
Markscheme
D
In the circuits shown, the cells have the same emf and zero internal
resistance. All resistors are identical.
What is the order of increasing power dissipated in each circuit?
[1]
Markscheme
A
Three identical resistors of resistance R are connected as shown to a
battery with a potential difference of 12 V and an internal resistance
of . A voltmeter is connected across one of the resistors.
R
What is the reading on the voltmeter?
A. 3 V
B. 4 V
C. 6 V
D. 8 V [1]
Markscheme
C
28. [Maximum mark: 12] 21M.2.SL.TZ1.3
A mass of 1.0 kg of water is brought to its boiling point of 100 °C using an electric
heater of power 1.6 kW.
A mass of 0.86 kg of water remains after it has boiled for 200 s.
The electric heater has two identical resistors connected in parallel.
The circuit transfers 1.6 kW when switch A only is closed. The external voltage is
220 V.
(a.i) The molar mass of water is 18 g mol−1. Estimate the average

speed of the water molecules in the vapor produced. Assume
the vapor behaves as an ideal gas. [2]
Markscheme
Ek = « 3
2
(1. 38 × 10
−23
)(373)» = 7. 7 × 10−21 «J» ✓
−23 23
» = 720 «m s−1» ✓
3×1.38×10 ×6.02×10 ×373
v = «√ 0.018
(a.ii) State one assumption of the kinetic model of an ideal gas. [1]
Markscheme
particles can be considered points «without dimensions» ✓

no intermolecular forces/no forces between particles «except during
collisions»✓
the volume of a particle is negligible compared to volume of gas ✓
collisions between particles are elastic ✓
time between particle collisions are greater than time of collision ✓
no intermolecular PE/no PE between particles ✓
Accept reference to atoms/molecules for “particle”
(b.i) Estimate the specific latent heat of vaporization of water. State

an appropriate unit for your answer. [2]
Markscheme
«mL = P t» so «L =
1600×200
0.14
» = 2.3 x 106 «J kg-1» ✓
J kg−1 ✓
(b.ii) Explain why the temperature of water remains at 100 °C during

this time. [1]
Markscheme
«all» of the energy added is used to increase the «intermolecular» potential

energy of the particles/break «intermolecular» bonds/OWTTE ✓
Accept reference to atoms/molecules for “particle”
(c) The heater is removed and a mass of 0.30 kg of pasta at −10 °C is

added to the boiling water.
Determine the equilibrium temperature of the pasta and water
after the pasta is added. Other heat transfers are negligible.
Specific heat capacity of pasta = 1.8 kJ kg−1 K−1

[3]
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 kJ kg−1 K−1
Markscheme
use of mcΔT ✓
0.86 × 4200 × (100 – T) = 0.3 × 1800 × (T +10) ✓
Teq = 85.69«°C» ≅ 86«°C» ✓
Accept Teq in Kelvin (359 K).
(d.i) Show that each resistor has a resistance of about 30 Ω. [1]
Markscheme
2 2
v 220
P = so so R = 30. 25 «Ω» ✓
R 1600
Must see either the substituted values OR a value for R to at least three s.f.
(d.ii) Calculate the power transferred by the heater when both

switches are closed. [2]
Markscheme
use of parallel resistors addition so Req = 15 «Ω» ✓
P = 3200 «W» ✓
What is the relationship between the resistivity ρ of a uniform wire, the
radius r of the wire and the length l of the wire when its resistance is
constant?
A. ρ ∝ r l
2
B. ρ ∝ rl
2
C.
l
ρ ∝ 2
r
D. ρ ∝
r
l
[1]
Markscheme

A power station generates 250 kW of power at a potential difference
of 25 kV. The energy is transmitted through cables of total resistance
4. 0 Ω.
What is the power loss in the cables?
A. 0. 04 kW
B. 0. 4 kW
C. 4 kW
D. 40 kW [1]
Markscheme
B
An electrical power supply has an internal resistance. It supplies a
direct current I to an external circuit for a time t. What is the
electromotive force (emf ) of the power supply?
total energy transf erred to the whole circuit

A. I ×t
total power transf erred to the whole circuit

B. I ×t
total energy transf erred to the external circuit

C. I ×t
total power transf erred to the external circuit

D. I ×t
[1]
Markscheme

Why are high voltages and low currents used when electricity is
transmitted over long distances?
A. Cables can be closer to the ground.
B. Electrons have a greater drift speed.
C. Energy losses are reduced.
D. Resistance of the power lines is reduced. [1]
Markscheme
C
An electric motor raises an object of weight 500 N through a vertical
distance of 3. 0 m in 1. 5 s. The current in the electric motor is 10 A at
a potential difference of 200 V. What is the efficiency of the electric
motor?
A. 17 %
B. 38 %
C. 50 %
D. 75 % [1]
Markscheme
C
Four resistors of 4 Ω each are connected as shown.
What is the effective resistance between P and Q?
A. 1. 0 Ω
B. 2. 4 Ω
C. 3. 4 Ω
D. 4. 0 Ω [1]
Markscheme
B
35. [Maximum mark: 9] 20N.2.SL.TZ0.5
The graph shows how current I varies with potential difference V across a
component X.
Component X and a cell of negligible internal resistance are placed in a circuit.
A variable resistor R is connected in series with component X. The ammeter reads

20 mA.
Component X and the cell are now placed in a potential divider circuit.
(a) Outline why component X is considered non-ohmic. [1]
Markscheme
current is not «directly» proportional to the potential difference

OR
resistance of X is not constant
OR
resistance of X changes «with current/voltage» ✓
(b(i)) Determine the resistance of the variable resistor. [3]
Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
voltage across X= 2. 3 «V» ✓
voltage across R« = 4. 0 − 2. 3» = 1. 7 «V» ✓
1.7
resistance of variable resistor « =
0.020
» = 85 «Ω» ✓
ALTERNATIVE 2
4.0
overall resistance « =
0.020
» = 200 «Ω» ✓
2.3
resistance of X « =
0.020
» = 115 «Ω» ✓
resistance of variable resistor « = 200 − 115» = 85 «Ω» ✓
(b(ii)) Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit. [1]
Markscheme
power « = 4. 0 × 0. 020» = 0. 080 «W» ✓
(c(i)) State the range of current that the ammeter can measure as the
slider S of the potential divider is moved from Q to P. [1]
Markscheme
from 0 to 60 mA ✓
(c(ii)) Slider S of the potential divider is positioned so that the

ammeter reads 20 mA. Explain, without further calculation,
any difference in the power transferred by the potential divider
arrangement over the arrangement in (b). [3]
Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
current from the cell is greater «than 20 mA» ✓
because some of the current must flow through section SQ of the

potentiometer ✓
overall power greater «than in part (b)» ✓
ALTERNATIVE 2
total/overall resistance decreases ✓

because SQ and X are in parallel ✓
overall power greater «than in part (b)» ✓
Allow the reverse argument.

Two power supplies, one of constant emf 24 V and the other of variable
emf P, are connected to two resistors as shown. Both power supplies
have negligible internal resistances.
What is the magnitude of P for the reading on the ammeter to be zero?
A. Zero
B. 6 V
C. 8 V
D. 18 V [1]
Markscheme
B
The diagram shows a resistor network. The potential difference
between X and Y is 8.0 V.
What is the current in the 5Ω resistor?
A. 1.0A
B. 1.6A
C. 2.0A
D. 3.0A [1]
Markscheme
A
A resistor of resistance R is connected to a fully charged cell of
negligible internal resistance. A constant power P is dissipated in the
resistor and the cell discharges in time t. An identical cell is connected
in series with two identical resistors each of resistance R.
What is the power dissipated in each resistor and the time taken to
discharge the cell?
[1]
Markscheme
B
Two cells each of emf 9.0 V and internal resistance 3.0 Ω are connected
in series. A 12.0 Ω resistor is connected in series to the cells. What is the
current in the resistor?
A. 0.50 A
B. 0.75 A
C. 1.0 A
D. 1.5 A [1]
Markscheme

Charge flows through a liquid. The charge flow is made up of positive
and negative ions. In one second 0.10 C of negative ions flow in one
direction and 0.10 C of positive ions flow in the opposite direction.
What is the magnitude of the electric current flowing through the

liquid?
A. 0 A
B. 0.05 A
C. 0.10 A
D. 0.20 A [1]
Markscheme
D
Most power stations rely on a turbine and a generator to produce
electrical energy. Which power station works on a different principle?
A. Nuclear
B. Solar
C. Fossil fuel
D. Wind [1]
Markscheme
B
In an experiment to determine the resistivity of a material, a student
measures the resistance of several wires made from the pure material.
The wires have the same length but different diameters.
Which quantities should the student plot on the x-axis and the y-axis
of a graph to obtain a straight line?
[1]
Markscheme
C
The resistance of component X decreases when the intensity of light
incident on it increases. X is connected in series with a cell of negligible
internal resistance and a resistor of fixed resistance. The ammeter and
voltmeter are ideal.
What is the change in the reading on the ammeter and the change in
the reading on the voltmeter when the light incident on X is increased?
[1]
Markscheme
A
What is the unit of electrical potential difference expressed in
fundamental SI units?
A. kg m s-1 C-1
B. kg m2 s-2 C-1
C. kg m2 s-3 A-1
D. kg m2 s-1 A [1]
Markscheme
C
Three resistors of resistance 1.0 Ω, 6.0 Ω and 6.0 Ω are connected as
shown. The voltmeter is ideal and the cell has an emf of 12 V with
negligible internal resistance.
What is the reading on the voltmeter?
A. 3.0 V
B. 4.0 V
C. 8.0 V
D. 9.0 V [1]
Markscheme
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B5 Practice Qs [97 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 1] SPM.1A.SL.TZ0.10

What is the effective resistance between P and Q?

Both cells have negligible internal resistance.

What power is dissipated in Y?

(a) A tram is just leaving the lower railway station.

Determine, as the train leaves the lower station,

(a.i) the pd across the motor of the tram, [2]

Pd is (500 − 0.072 × 600) = 457 V ✓

(a.ii) the mechanical power output of the motor. [2]

Power input = 457 × 600 = 274 kW ✓

Power output = 0.9 × 274 = 247 kW ✓

(As the current is constant), the power output also rises ✓

For one particular journey, the tram is full of passengers.

Estimate the maximum speed v of the tram as it leaves the lower

Total weight of tram = 75 × 710 + 5 × 104 = 1.03 × 105 N ✓

It takes 1.5 minutes to unload and 1.5 minutes to load each

Estimate the maximum number of passengers that can be

Time for run = s/v = 3000 ÷ 13.2 = 227 s ✓

3 minutes loading = 180 s

So one trip = 407 s ✓

And there are 3600/407 trips per hour = 8.84 ✓

So 8 complete trips with 75 = 600 passengers ✓

The train comes to rest from speed v. Ignore the energy

Calculate the temperature change in each steel annulus as the

The thickness of the annulus is 25 mm.

The density of the steel is 7860 kg m−3

Work leading to volume = 7.1 x 10−3 m3 ✓

Work leading to mass of steel = 55 .8 kg ✓

Kinetic Energy transferred per annulus =

(f ) The speed of the tram is measured by detecting a beam of

What is the voltage across Lamp X and Lamp Y?

5. [Maximum mark: 1] 23M.1A.SL.TZ1.19

What is the power dissipated by Y?

The lamps are rearranged using the same cell.

What is the current through L?

7. [Maximum mark: 1] 23M.1A.SL.TZ2.16

What is the current in the resistor labelled X?

The resistance of the variable resistor is doubled.

What is true about the current and the potential difference?

Current Potential difference

9. [Maximum mark: 1] 23M.1A.SL.TZ2.20

What is the current in the resistor labelled X?

R is an ohmic resistor. The I-V characteristics of P and Q are

The current in P is 0.40 A.

(a.i) Show that the current in Q is 0.45 A. [3]

Voltage across P is 1.4 «V» ✓

Voltage across Q is 4.6 «V» ✓

And 6 – 1.4 = 4.6 «V» ✓

(a.ii) Calculate the resistance of R. [2]

Current in R is «(0.45 − 0.4)=» 0.05 A ✓

Allow ECF from a(i)

Allow ECF from MP1

(a.iii) Calculate the total power dissipated in the circuit. [1]

«0.45 × 6.0» = 2.7 «W»✓

(b) Resistor P is removed. State and explain, without any

Q will have a smaller resistance ✓

R is an ohmic resistor. The I-V characteristics of P and Q are