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Technological Advances in Libraries and Possibilities of

Ubiquitous Library Services: An Analysis

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Technological Advances in Libraries and Possibilities of Ubiquitous
Library Servic s: An Analysis
Technological Advances in Libraries and Possibilities of Ubiquitous

Dr. Shakeel Ahmad Khan

services (Campbell, 2006{ The academic libraries are becoming value-adl
Prof. Dr. Rubina Bhatti
component of educational institutions by providing greater access to clcctrc
information, assisting researchers and faculty in using technology and eleetrc
Abstract: information sources for their education and research needs (Bazillion, 200 I)'. Libra
This paper is aimed at investigating the technological advances in libraries and
need to utilize modern tools and should rc-consider their role in providing informal
possibili.ties of developing web-based library services. It explores the library journey
from prmt media to ubiquitous libraries. The study identifies the possible ubiquitous services (Hobohm, 1996t
library services for library users. This study is based on in-depth review of the related
literature to get a clear picture of the phenomena under investigation. Researchers' Problem Statement:
\Vorld Wide Web is offering Ch~l1 .. ;.:s as well as opportunities for librarie
experience in the field, his practical engagement in library and information services and harness different web appli('~': '. .lnd show their presence in online infonna
day to day ~iscussion~ with IT oriented co-professionals and colleagues for developing envir011Tncnt. It is vit~' ,,~xplore web applications and tools which are useful
web-based library servIces has been used as a source to furnish this research. Findings of
IlLJrariestn "f!,-" _,ulquitous library services. The paper is aimed at achieving this goal
the study are useful for libraries and LIS professionals to prepare them for survival
in web-based information environment. Results of the study also facilitate libraries and
I!brarians to harness the web technology and offer new library services for ubiquitous Objectives of the Study:
hbr~ry users. Study recommended that libraries should~focus on developing web-based
This study has been designed to achieve the following objectives:
servIces to attract the attention of potential library users who are accessing the web
through their iPhone, iPad, Android mobiles and Kindle.
I. To identify the adoption of technology in academic libraries
2. To find out the possibilities of ubiquitous library services
Keywords: 1. Technological Advances. 2. Web Tecr.nology

Research Methodology:
Introduction: The study used qualitative research method to achieve its objectives. In
.. Technological advances in libraries have forced libraries to adopt technological
phase of the study, in-depth review of the literature was conducted to get a clear pi,
dIgItal sources of information. Libraries have started to use new methods and techniques
of the phenomena under investigation. Websites of various academic libraries '
to acquire, preserve and disseminate information through web-based library services. Use
explored to find out the availability of web-based library services. Researc1
of electronic resources has become an integral part of library collections. This new
experience in the field, his practical engagement in library and information service5
tech~ological enviro?~ent .for libraries is highly dynamic. The revolutionary change is
day to day discussions with IT oriented co-professionals and colleagues to develop
?ffenng . mode~ dIgItal mformation tools for searching, preserving and sharing
based library services has also been used as a source to furnish this study.
mformatlOn. ThiS change has given birth to open source, open archives, open storage,
0pe.n conten.ts and 0p'e~ research.. The .new environment is offering digital publishing,
digItal learnmg and Olgltal educatIOn. LIbrary role has been changed from store house to Review of Related Studies:
Academic libraries are in transit from traditional system to the modem d
a place of learning, education, research and a hub of digital information. This new libraries by allowing their users to consult information material in more sophisti,
s.c_ena~iohas becon:e. mo~e convergence than before. The new technology is impacting ways from anywhere of the world. Due to changing information environment, the
hbranes through dIgItal mfrastructure. Libraries must adopt this new culture to remain and functions of academic libraries are evolving. Academic libraries are trans for
ar:ve ~n.the world. of infor~a.tion. Th~y must develop IT infrastructure, digital projects their resources and services into digital format to support learning and research pre
a~d.dlgltal collectIOn to facIlItate onlme users (Vinitha, Kanthimathi and Devi, 2006)'. The given section presents a detailed review of technological advances in librarie:
I?lglt~1 technology has changed the ways of storing and preserving information in
possibilities to develop ubiquitous library services:
hbranes. It has also changed the users' behavior of seeking information. To fulfill the
ch'l-nging nee~s of library patrons, the academic libraries are now offering online
Technological Advallces ill Libraries:
reference serVIces, chat-service, individual consultations, e-mail and online reference

2 PUSJ 48 (3) July-September 2017

'lbiqu ito liS

Technological Advances in Libraries alld Possibilities of Ubiquitous

I hmad Khan
'Jbina Bhatti services (Campbell, 2006)~. The academic libraries are becoming value-added
component of educational institutions by providing greater access to electronic
information, assisting researchers and faculty in using technology and electronic
libraries and information sources for their education and research needs (BazilIion, 200] )', Libraries
lrary journey need to utilize modern tools and should re-consider their role in providing information
Ie ubiquitous services (Hobohm, 1996t
)f the related
Researchers' Problem Statement:
services and \Vorld Wide Web is offering Ch:',11., ;.:s as well as opportunities for libraries to
Ir developing h'arness different web appli\~': " .illd show their presence in online infonnation
Findings of envir0nmcnt. It is vit~' "aplore web applications and tools which are useful for
for survival libraries tn "fT .., .•LHljuitouslibrary services. The paper is aimed at achieving this goal.
libraries and
lr ubiquitous Ohjectives of the Study:
g web-based
ing the web This study has been designed to achieve the following objectives:

I. To identify the adoption of technology in academic libraries

2. To find out the possibilities of ubiquitous library services

Research Methodology:
echnological The study used qualitative research method to achieve its objectives. In first
d techniques phase of the study, in-depth review of the literature was conducted to get a clear picture
:ervices. Use of the phenomena under investigation. Websites of various academic libraries were
This new explored to find out the availability of web-based library services. Researchers'
ry change is experience in the field, his practical engagement in library and information services and
md sharing day to day discussions with IT oriented co-professionals and colleagues to develop web-
pen storage, based library services has also been used as a so~ce to furnish this study.
publishing,
Drehouse to Review of Related Studies:
i. This new Academic libraries are in transit from traditional system to the modern digital
s impacting libraries by allowing their users to consult information material in more sophisticated
e to remain ways from anywhere of the world. Due to changing information environment, the roles
ital projects and functions of academic libraries are evolving. Academic libraries are transforming
evi, 2006)1, their resources and services into digital format to support learning and research process.
Drmation in The given section presents a detailed review of technological advances in libraries and
o fulfiII the possibilities to develop ubiquitous library services:
ring online
e reference Technological Advallces ill Libraries:

,1SJ 48 (3) July-September 2017

 Dr. Shakeel Ahmad Khan, Prof Dr. Rubina Bhatti

In academic libraries a paradigm has been shifted from traditional libraI)' system
to digitization. Digital preservation and cloud computing are the new ways for offering
Teclmological Advances ill Libraries alld Possibilities of Ubiquitous
information resources. Academic libraries are utilizing digital technology to offer more
innovative services. It is essential for academic libraries in developing countries to
embrace new trends in librarianship. Libraries can take full advantage of lCT and can Co~clu~ed ~hat the I.ibra~ professionals should strive hard to offer web-based e-I
an onlme mformatlOn IItcracy programs for their users ".
contribute to the national development in the count!)' (Ifijeh, 2014)5. Yang and Dalal
. The above re.view presents that technological advances are offerin new s
investigated the virtual reference services in academic libraries. Findings revealed that
majority of the surveyed libraries were offering virtual reference services through their i-0~ lI?raI)' user~. TIllS new. environment offers challenges as well as op;ortunit
.1 :anan~ to ha~ness the vIrtue of technology and ensure their survival in ub'
websites. They were offering different type of virtual services including e-mail service, mJonnatlOn envlromnent. I
phone services, text messaging, instant messaging, video chat, interactive knowledge
sharing etc. Study concluded that virtual reference service offers excellent ways to
Possibilities of Ubiquitous Library Services:
connect with libraI)' users and help them in finding required information regardless of
time and space. Online information users can be attracted by offering distance learning t Use
d d of digital
'. technology and World Wide Web' mIraI)' I'b .
envlromne
pres~n e ynamlc hbraI)' s~rvices for libraI)' users. Web 0 I offered web-based
via Internet and social media. Academic libraries must stmt virtual reference services for
~ervlce~ to ~apture the .attentlOn of online users. Web 2.0 introduced more d na
their users6• Ruan and Qiang concluded that there is a great role of information
7 ~nte~~c~lv~~lbraI)'. serVIces by allowing the users to interact with libraries an~ lib
technology in academic libraries.
Burkhardt studied the use of electronic technology in the United State academic ;~k' el~~~ o~atlOn needs. Libraries started the use of social media in form of
I .IS, , Fhcker an? many other tools to show their presence in modern infon
libraries and found that almost all academic libraries in the United Statc were offering
electronic services and online technological tools for their users. They were providing ::~~~nnc~e~~.I"~he. bas.lc purpose ?f using web technology in libraries is to enSl
" I ran~s I.n web envIronment. Now, Web 3.0 has made it os'
instructions for using information technology to fulfill digital information needs. Types
of electronic services provided in these libraries include CD-ROM, videotape, pcrsonal ~r~n~~~ ~ffer ubiqUItous libraI)' ~ervices by using dynamic aspects of t~e ~~I
~ '. . rame'Work and ontologIes that include the use of com .
computers, Internet access, OCLC services, LAN service, multimedia services and
interactive video services. Instructional programs for utilizing these services include :;lfi~lal mt~lI~gent a~d t?e use of highly sensitive detecting algorithm ~~~ns~nt:~~nt
e re evant m. ormatlO~ m web-based infornlation environment.
bibliographic instructions, libraI)' orientations, libraI)' tours, libraI)' instructions, tutorials
and use of online database searching. Respondents considered these technological The glVen sectIOn presents in-depth review of the studies that has been con
t~ explore the use of --:eb-based technology for libraI)' services. It hi hli hts the
services to be veI)' effective in locating online information. They also considered the use
dIfferent web tools whIch are useful .
to offer \veb -based l'b . g g
I raI)' servIces .
of electronic tools as time-saving for their libraI)' users. R
Fatoki studied the prospects of GSM technology for academic libraries in . . Ya~man and .Kutluca hIghlighted that the Internet is a fundamental t
Nigeria. Findings showed that the use of this technology has enhanced information and ~rovld.mg hbrary servICes. Study presented that e-libra'}' offers numbers of adva
communication services for libr~I)' users. Study emphasized that infonnation ~n~ludm~, ea~e of use, comprehensibility, decreased in work load and faster acc'
mJormatlOn
". m online'
. .envlronment. )2. Kardar dIscussed that the use of Web 2'
professio!'~ls should offer new product and services by using this modem technology in
academic libraries9• Okon, Esin and Edem highlighted that Nigerian academic libraries l~dlspen~lbl.e fo~ h?ranes. Librarians must utilize this technology for informatior
~Ices. :mdl~gs I~dlcated that in academic libraries of Pakistan the use of Web 2 0 .
are offering various type of IT -based libraI)' service for their users. These services mcreasmg WIth high speed Stud . . I
include CD-ROM database, OPAC service, e-mail service, Internet services, facsimile nol . I"b . fi .'. .y re.commended that librarians should utilize this
~gy m I r~nes o.r dlssemmatmg mformation and knowledge among online i
service, reprography services etc. Study recommended that libraries should give priority
mallon. users. . <?arcl.a, Gomez and Colomo reported that web resents new ~
to apply ICT for their libraI)' services. 11) strategIes for dIgital libraries to use Semantic Web to enhance tl p . way.
Balaji presented the use of Web 2.0 and social media services among university ity f d' "t I . le processmg and u~
~ I.gla c~ntents m more effective ways. Study indicated the need to develo •
libraries. Study found that academic libraries are utilizing web technology to offer web-
based libraI)' services. Results showed that the use of web technology in libraries is appl~catlOns w~~h.enhanc~~ Semantic functionalities for digital libraries to ensu~(
maximum usa Ihty of dIgItal contents. Author concluded that thc ote f I f
increasing. Findings identified that funding for university libraries, manpower training
tcchnology o~fe.rsopen field for digital libraI)' researchers to harness the ~ebn la 1"0 .
and development and use of information infrastructure are the major challenges in and offer unhmlted contents to the users. I~ app Ica
developing web-based informatio~ services for online information users. Study
d I"b C~itical anal~si.s of the above review presents that web is not a threat for libr
an I ranans rather It IS an important source for libraries to show their presence in ;

4 PUSJ 48 (3) }Ju~)yy-=SS;;ep;;t~el~n~be~r::2)(0i1177----------------_-':"-

ibrary system
s for offering
Technological Advances in Libraries and Possibilities of Ubiquitous
to offer more
~ countries to
concluded that the library professionals should strive hard to offer web-based e-Iearning
. ICT and can
and online information literacy programs for their users II.
mg and Dalal
The above review presents that technological advances are offering new services
revealed that
for library users. This new environment offers challenges as well as opportunities for
through their
librarians to harness the virtue of technology and ensure their survival in ubiquitous
:-mail service,
information environment.
ve knowledge
lIent ways to
Possibilities of Ubiquitous Lihrwy Services:
I regardless of
Use of digital technology and World Wide Web in library environment has
tance learning
presented dynamic library services for library users. Web a I offered web-based library
ce services for
services to capture the attention of online users. Web 2.0 introduced more dynamic and
)f information
interactive library services by allowing the users to interact with libraries and librarians
for their information needs. Libraries started the use of social media in form of Blogs,
State academic
Wikis, RSS, Flicker and many other tools to show their presence in modern information
were offering
environment. The basic purpose of using web technology in libraries is to ensure the
,vere providing
existence of libraries in web environment. Now, Web 3.0 has made it possible for
I needs. Types
libraries to offer ubiquitous library services by using dynamic aspects of the Semantic
otape, personal
Web, RDF framework and ontologies that include the use of computing technology,
1 services and
artificial intelligent and the use of highly sensitive detecting algorithm and sensors to find
~rvices include
the relevant information in web-based information environment.
ctions, tutorials
The given section presents in-depth review of the studies that has been conducted
: technological
to explore the use of web-based technology for library services. It highlights the use of
lsidered the use
different web tools which are useful to offer web-based library services.
Yalman and Kutluca highlighted that the Internet is a fundamental tool in
oic libraries in
providing library services. Study presented that e-librar;y offers numbers of advantages
mformation and
including, ease of use, comprehensibility, decreased in work load and faster access to
tat infonnation
information in online environment.11 Kardar discussed that the use of Web 2.0 is
n technology in
indispensible for libraries. Librarians must utilize this technology for information ser-
ademic libraries
vices. Findings indicated that in academic libraries of Pakistan the use of Web 2.0 is not
These services
increasing with high speed. Study recommended that librarians should utilize this tech-
~ices, facsimile
nology in libraries for disseminating information and knowledge among online infor--
uld give priority 13
mation users. Garcia, Gomez and Colomo reported that web presents new ways and
strategies for digital libraries to use Semantic Web to enhancc the processing and usabil-
mong university
ity of digital contents in more effective ways. Study indicated the need to develop new
gy to offer web-
applications with enhanced Semantic functionalities for digital libraries to ensure the
~ in libraries is
maximum usability of digital contents. Author concluded that the potential of web
mpower training
technology offers open field for digital library researchers to harness the web applications
:>rchallenges in
and offer unlimited contents to the users. U
,n users. Study
Critical analysis of the above review presents that web is no.t a threat for libraries
and librarians rather it is an important source for libraries to show their presence in web-

PUSJ 48 (3) July-September 2017 5

 Dr. Shakeel Ahmad Khan, Pm( Dr. Rubina Bhatti

based information environment and facilitate the information seekers. The given review
offer insights into the means by which libraries can offer various web-based services for Technological Advances in Libraries and Possihilities of Ubiquitous
web users.
Sadeh identified new library interfaces in web environment to facilitate the
Keeping in view the various benefits of web tools for libraries, it is essent
today's information seekers by offering up-to-date and user-c~ntric libra.ry services. libraries to introduce web services for library uscrs who are interested to explo
Study stressed that libraries should develop their Internet-based lIbrary servIces to show information in online medium.
their presence on the web. Study concluded that libraries should adopt web tools ~nd
services for library users.15 Medeiros studied the transformation to the next generatIOn Conclusions and Recommendations:
services in libraries for the new digital realm. It explored the California Library services
The study concludes that web is offering great potential for libraries to offel
for the next generation of library users. Findings showed that Google is going to become based library services for ubiquitous library users. Libraries must utilize eb tec 1
a library of the world and libraries are needed to highlight their unique collections that to compete their online competitors such as Google, websites, e-publishers and v
Google does not possess. 16 Madhusudhan and Nagabhushanam exami.ned ~he potential. of other digital sources which are available on the web. It is concluded that web is
web for providing web-based library services. Findings showed that hbr~nes. are of~enng threat for libraries and librarians rather; it is an important source for librarie 0
different innovative web-based library services to show their presence In vIrtual IJbrary
their presence in web-based information environment. Study also concludes that lit
environment. Study presented that libraries are offering online text-books, databases, can offer different web-based services for their online users. These services include
tutorials and'virtually linked data for their users. The usc of web in libraries has enabled
based reference services, online document delivery services, electronic cunent awal
them to survive in ubiquitous library environment. Web has introduced new ways for services, electronic research guide, online reference desk, OPAC services, (
libraries to offer their services beyond the library walls and meet the demand for 24 hours reservation of library books, SMS alert services and FAQ services and many
access to information. Web-based reference tools are helpful to offer electronic services which are available by the virtue of web.
documents delivery services to the users. Now, it is possible for e-users to access library
It is recommended that libraries must develop web-based services to attl a
resources in e-form through internet. Electronic current awareness services. SDI
attention of online infonnation seekers who usually prefer to use the web re a
services, web-based reference services, electronic research guide, virtual reference
instea~ of physically visiting thc library. Librarians have a greater responsibil
desk/ask a librarian services, news regarding new arrivals and web-based patron account
acquire kpowledge of web technology and develop their skills to tailor online Ii
to facilitate the patron in checking out their over due dates and information ab~ut fine
services for the web users who are accessing the web through their iPhone, iPad, An
statements at their convenience are the main services that can be offered m web mobiles and Kindle.
environment. Libraries can also offer online circulation with the help of web-based
library automation software. Online reservation of books, cancellation of reserved books References: ,
and online renewal of loan documents are the s~rvices which are possible for e-users.
I. Vinitha, K., Kanthimathi, S. and Devi. K.T. Impact of information and commu
Web technologies have made it possible to pro~de web-based table of content services
tion technology on libraries and its services. DRTC-ICT Conference on D
and article alert. services for online users. LIbraries can get the users' feedback by Learning Environment. (2006). Imprint c( mpletc?
providing online suggestions form and web-based FAQ (F.requently Asked Question)
2. Campbell, J. D. Changing a cultural icon:' the academic library as a v
library services. Online li~rary news can be offered to the lIbrary patrons to keep .t~em destination. 2006. Retrieved: http://www.editlib.org/p/99195/
up-to-date regarding library even~and facilitate learning pro~ess. T~ey can be.facIlltat-
3. Bazillion, R. J. Academic libraries in the digital revolution: libraries in the mic
ed by providing online chat services, virtual library tours and InformatIOn regardmg many
revolution need new ways of thinking about their miJsion. Educause Quarterly. :
other services. Ii 'Madhusudhan and Aggarwal''explored the provision of web-based
Retrieved from: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/egm0119.pdf
OPACs services for library users. Results indicated that web-based library OP AC is a
4. Hobohm, H. C. The impact of new technologies on libraries: an introductory
useful tool to offer up-to-date information regailiing library collection. Multiple users INSPEL,30. 1996 p303-307.
can access it to locate the required information. It offers greater access points for a single
5. lfijeh, G. Adoption of digital preservation methods for theses in Nigerian acad,
item of information. Library users can access a wide range of information by using
libraries: application and implications. The Journal of Academic Librarianship
Boolean search facility. Study suggested incorporating the short message service (SMS) 2014.p399-404
in the web-based OPAC is helpful to facilitate the search of library books on user's
6. Yang, S. Q. and Dalal, H. A. Delivering virtual reference services on the Wet
mobiles.ls
investigation into the current practice by academic libraries. The Journal of Aca(
ic Librarianship. 41. 2014 P 68-86.

6 PUSJ 48 (3) July-September 2017

.iven review
service for Technological Advances in Libraries and Possibilities ot"Ubiquitous

acilitate the Keeping in view the various benefits of web tools for libraries, it is essential for
ry services. libraries to introduce web services for library users who arc interested to explore the
ices to show information in online medium.
:b tools and
t generation Conclusions and Recommendations:
-ary services The study concludes that web is offering great potential for libraries to offer web-
g to become based library services for ubiquitous library users. Libraries must utilize web tech ology
lections that to compete their online competitors such as Google, websites, e-publishers and various
: potential of other digital sources which are available on the web. It is concluded that web is not a
are offering threat for libraries and librarians rather; it is an important source for libraries to show
irtual library their presence in web-based information environment. Study also concludes that libraries
s, databases, can offer different web-based services for their online users. These services include web-
has enabled based reference services, online document delivery services, electronic cunent awareness
ew ways for services, electronic research guide, online reference desk, OPAC services, online
for 24 hours reservation of library books, SMS alert services and FAQ services and many other
er electronic services which are available by the virtue of web.
Iccess library It is recommended that libraries must develop web-based services to attract the
ervices. SDI attention of online infonnation seekers who usually prefer to use the web resources
lal reference instead of physically visiting the library. Librarians have a greater responsibility to
atran account acquire knowledge of web technology and develop their skills to tailor online library
)n about fine services for the web users who are accessing the web through their iPhone, iPad, Android
'ered in web mobiles and Kindle.
)f web-based
:served books References:
e for e-users. I. Vinitha, K., Kanthimathi, S. and Devi, K T. Impact of information and communica-
ntent services tion technology on libraries and its service. DRTC-ICT Conference on Dlgllal
feedback by Learning Environment. (2006). Imprint c( mpletc?
:ed Question) 2. Campbell, J. D. Changing a cultural icon:. the academic library as a virtual
to keep them destination. 2006. Retrieved: http://www.editlib.org/p/99195/
ill be facilitat- 3. Bazillion, R. J. Academic libraries in the digital revolution: libraries in the midst of
:garding many revolution need new ways of thinking about their miJsion. Educause Quarterly. 2001.
of web-based Retrieved from: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/egm0119.pdf
ry OPAC is a 4. Hobohm, H. C. The impact of new technologies on libraries: an introductory note.
\t1ultiple users INSPEL, 30. 1996 p303-307.
Its for a single 5. Ifijeh, G. Adoption of digital preservation methods for theses in Nigerian academic
ltion by using libraries: application and implications. The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 40.
service (SMS) 201 4.p399-404
loks on user's 6. Yang, S. Q. and Dalal, H. A. Delivering virtual reference services on the Web: an
investigation into the cunent practice by academic libraries. The Journal of Academ-
ic Librarianship. 41. 2014 P 68-86.

PUSJ 48 (3) July-September 2017 7

 Dr. Shakeel Ahmad Khan, Prof Dr. Rubina Bhatti

7. Ruan, L. and Qiang, Z. The role of information technology in academic libraries'

resource sharing in Western China. Library Trends. 62(1) 2013 P 180-204.
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Perception towards the Library and Librarianship
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technology (lCT) in academic libraries: A strategy for library networking in Nigeria. Fam
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II. Balaji, P. Use of web technology in providing information services by south Indian
Man is the first and last living being on the earth and vice to Almighty All:
technological universities as displayed on library websites. Library Hi Tech. 29(3)
2011 p470-495. deniable that man is super specie among others on account of his wisdom of knowl,
also destined by it. Obviously primitive man did not know the superficial systel
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need not living outside the caves and woods, which made these as his foremost a
and Behavioral sciences. 47. 2012 p225-228.
non existence of records exempted him from making a library and learning the lit
13. Yalman, M. and Kutluca, T. Future of e-libraries in universities. Procedia - Social
On the other hand by passage of time the man continued developments, exploratil
and Behavioral sciences. 47. 2012 p225-228.
tions, in every field of life which created historical records. To preserve these recc
14. Kardar, S. Library 2.0 technology in academic libraries, a case study of librarians
prosperity was indispensability which resulted to manage library with proper sy~
use and perception: Pakistan perspective. International Journal of Library and
Information Science. 4(11) 20 I I poo.? library as a growing organism always kept on changing to be depiction on ca
library, king's library, utilitarian library, systematized library, then the digital, 1
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cyber library. These ideas as in different writings remained in persistent conflict
Callimachus DL approach. Computers in Human behavior. 27. 2011 p1424-1430
other throughout the history. To abreast the progress of these movements, it was d
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and disliking information materials, services etc. I say the librarian an operator an
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California Libraries. OCLC Systems and Services: International Digital Library
Perspectives. 27(1) 2011 p6-9. most responsible, dedicated authentic and the library a well established pC
organization.
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libraries in India: an analysis of librarians' perspective. The Electronic Library. 30(5) Keywords: Library and Librarianship.
2012 p569-588. -
19. Madhusudhan, M. and Aggarwal S. Web-based online public access catalogues of Il1trodllction:
lIT Libraries in India: an evaluative study. Program: Electronic Library and In-
formation System. 45(4) 2011 p415-438. Allah Almighty i the supreme and man is vice to Him. Man is the first and
being on the earth. The Supernal sent and the prophet , particularly Hazrat M
PBUH them received revelations (pi ritual information) for further proper processir
Bibliographical Heritage of Pakistan (1947-2012) 2013 by Dr. Nasi Knowledge has been declared to be man's destiny, confidence, survival, his
Fatima. It is a momentous and very significant work on bibliographical sources of tel' Which distinguishes him from all other beings. Even the innocent angels were
Pakistan. It provides access to a researcher to bibliographical knowledge sources. It
bow in respect before Adam, the fir. t man on the planet earth. The knowledge thus
covers all type of bibliographical aids such as m'lnuscripts, books, journals, micro-
one to 'lead' and attach with (TAQW A's), a cends one to unimaginable heights
forms, maps, letters, newspaper clippings, articles, bio-bibliographies published during 2
1947-2012 in Pakistan. It includes almost all subjects of human knowledge. It will
excellence. To impart education is simply that process, medium and system, dissem
serve as a Reference Book for students, faculty members, librarians and researchers. its seekers through certain e tablished nornlS, instruments and mechanism. The acae
Price Rs.450 ISBN 078-969-459-049-3 research institutions are the agencies, helpful in ensuring the broadcasting of know
information by following norms and rules framed by the learned thinkers whiet
physical and mental environment of that particular region. Libraries are the reassl
and the heart of all kmd of academic an'd research institutions.3 It can be safely argue

8 PUS] 48 (3) July-September 2017

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