1. There were very dark clouds _____ us.

 a. under
 b. beside
 c. above

➪ Above or over mean 'at a higher position'.

➪ To review this grammar lesson, go to » Grammar points » A1 » next to,
under, between, in front of, behind, over, etc.

2. We _____ last Tuesday. We _____ here for over a week.

 a. arrived / 've been

 b. 've arrived / 've been
 c. 've arrived / were

➪ In the first gap, we use the past simple because we are talking about a
completed past action and we say when it happened: last Tuesday.
➪ In the second gap, we use the present perfect because we use this verb
tense with how long, for, since to talk about actions or situations that started
in the past and still continue now.
➪ To review present perfect and past simple, go to » Grammar points » A2
» Present perfect or past simple?

3. Who ____ these flowers?

 a. did give you

 b. gave you
 c. you gave

➪ This is a subject question because we are asking about the subject of the
sentence.
➪ In a subject question, we do not use an auxiliary verb after the question
word. The order is question word + subject.
➪ To review subject questions, go to Grammar » A2 » Subject questions,
questions with preposition
 4. In the morning, she said she _____ at the office all afternoon.

 a. 'd be
 b. will be
 c. was

➪ Direct speech: will ⇒ Reported speech: would.

➪ Direct speech: 'I will be at the office.' ⇒ Reported speech: 'I would be at the
office.'
➪ To review indirect speech, go to Grammar » A2 » Reported speech –
indirect speech

5. She regretted _____

 a. get married
 b. to get married
 c. having got married
 d. to have got married

➪ After regret, we can use the -ing form of a verb. We could say 'she
regretted getting married', or 'she regretted having got married'. If we use the
perfect -ing form, we emphasise that the action was completed in the past.
➪ To review gerunds and infinitives, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Gerunds and infinitives

6. I’d rather _____ for me at the station.

 a. you waited
 b. you wait
 c. you to wait
 d. you waiting

➪ When we use would rather or would sooner + subject + verb, we use past
simple to refer to the present or future.
➪ To review would rather go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar » Would
rather, would prefer
 7. The robbers _____ have escaped.

 a. are thought that they

 b. it’s thought that they
 c. are thought to
 d. are thought that

➪ We can use subject + passive reporting verb + to have + past

participle when we are talking about a reported action is previous to the
reporting (earlier in the past).
➪ To review the passive with reporting verbs, go to Grammar points » B1+
Grammar » The passive with reporting verbs

8. _____ everything she said, I won’t forgive her.

 a. Despite of
 b. Although
 c. In spite of
 d. However

➪ Despite and in spite of are normally followed by a noun or a –ing verb.

They can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
➪ To review clauses of contrast, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Clauses of contrast and purpose

9. She is _____ woman.

 a. an American young intelligent

 b. a young intelligent American
 c. an intelligent young American
 d. an intelligent American young

➪ Opinion (intelligent), Size, Age (young), Shape, Colour, Pattern, Origin

(American), Material
➪ To review adjective order, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Adjective order
 10. I'm lucky to be surrounded by _____ fascinating people.

 a. such a
 b. so
 c. so much
 d. such

➪ People is a plural noun.

➪ We use such + (adjective) + uncountable noun or plural noun + (that)...
➪ To review this grammar topic, go to B1+ » Grammar points » so, such (a), so
much, so many

11. Alex _____.

 a. was waiting at the station very anxiously last night.

 b. was waiting very anxiously at the station last night.
 c. was very anxiously waiting at the station last night.
 d. was waiting very anxiously last night at the station.

➪ very anxiously is an adverb of manner. Adverbs of manner usually go in

final position.
➪ at the station is an adverb of place. Adverbs of place usually go in final
position.
➪ last night is an adverb of time. Adverbs of time usually go in final position.
➪ The order is manner + place + time.
➪ To review the position of adverbs, go to B1+ » Grammar points » Position of
adverbs and adverb phrases

12. If they beat Manchester next weekend, they _____ ten successive
games.

 a. are winning
 b. have won
 c. will have won
 d. will win

➪ This is a first conditional sentence. We use any type of present in

the if clause and any type of future in the main clause.
➪ We use the future perfect to talk about actions that will be completed at
a certain time in the future.
➪ To review future perfect, go to B1+ » Grammar points » Future continuous
and future perfect
 13. _____ the answer if she hadn't helped you?

 a. Could you find

 b. Had you found
 c. Would you have found
 d. Would you find

➪ We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary

situations in the past. We can use the past perfect simple or past perfect
continuous in the if-clause and we can use would, could or might + the
perfect infinitive in the main clause.
➪ To review the third conditional, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals

14. I wish he _____ treating us like idiots. Who does he think he is?

 a. would stop
 b. stopped
 c. had stopped
 d. stops

➪ We can use wish + person/thing + would + infinitive when we talk about

situations that annoy us and we would like them to change, or to stop.
➪ To review wishes and regrets, go to B1+ » Grammar points » Wishes and
regrets – I wish / if only

15. It _____ easy to win the tournament. All the teams were really good.

 a. mustn't have been

 b. shouldn't have been
 c. might not be
 d. can't have been

➪ We can use can’t/couldn’t have + past participle to say that we are quite
sure that something did NOT happen or was NOT true in the past.
➪ We can use must but not mustn't as a modal verb of deduction.
➪ It can't have been easy to win.= I'm quite sure it wasn't easy to win.
➪ To review past modal verbs of deduction, go to B1+ » Grammar points
» Past modal verbs of deduction
 16. The attacker is thought _____ jumping from the second floor of the
building.

 a. to escaped
 b. that he escaped
 c. to have escaped
 d. he has escaped

➪ When we use the passive form of a reporting verb after the real subject of
sentence (and NOT after it), we need to use an infinitive after the passive of
the reporting verb. We could also say: 'It is thought that the attacker escaped
jumping...'
➪ In this case, we use the perfect infinitive (to have + past participle)
because the action happened earlier in the past; before the reporting.
➪ To review this grammar topic, go to B1+ » Grammar points » The passive
with reporting verbs

17. _____ said that is totally crazy.

 a. Whoever
 b. Whatever
 c. However
 d. Whenever

➪ We can use whoever to mean 'it doesn't matter who', or 'anyone who'.
➪ To review this grammar lesson, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, however

18. A: "It's really hot in this room." B: "Wait. I _____ the window."

 a. 'll open
 b. 'm going to open
 c. 'm opening
 d. open

➪ We use will to talk about decisions that we take at the moment of

speaking (instant decisions).
➪ We also use I will... when we offer someone to do something.
➪ To review future forms, go to Grammar points » B1 » Future forms – will,
be going to, present continuous
 19. I _____ the tickets on Friday.

 a. was buying
 b. bought
 c. have bought
 d. buyed

➪ We use the past simple (NOT present perfect) when

we mention or ask about when something happened.
➪ We often use a past expression (last week, yesterday, when I was a child,
etc.)
➪ To review the difference between the past simple and the present
perfect, go to Grammar points » B1 » Past simple or present perfect?

20. If I _____ she likes me, I'd ask her out. But she doesn't like me.

 a. know
 b. knew
 c. had known
 d. would know

➪ This is a second conditional clause. We use the second conditional to talk

about hypothetical or unrealistic situations.
➪ Second conditional form: If/unless + past + , + would/could/might +
infinitive.
➪ To review the second conditional, go to Grammar points » B1 » Second
conditional – unreal situations

21. Did you remember _____ the door when you left?

 a. lock
 b. to lock
 c. locking
 d. to locking

➪ We say remember + to + infinitive to talk about things that we need to do.

➪ We say remember + -ing verb to talk about memories from the past that
we remember.
➪ To revise infinitives and gerunds, go to Grammar points » B1 » Gerund or
infinitive – do, to do, doing
 22. We _____ tomorrow morning. The train _____ at 7:45 a.m.

 a. will leave / leaves

 b. leave / is leaving
 c. are leaving / leaves
 d. leave / leaves

➪ In the first gap, we use the present continuous because this tense is used
to talk or ask about future actions that are already planned or decided.
➪ In he second gap, we use the present simple because this tense is used to
talk about future events that are scheduled or timetabled.
➪ To review present simple and present continuous, go to » Grammar points
» B1 » Present simple or present continuous

23. I _____ her since the day I met her.

 a. 've loved
 b. 'm loving
 c. love
 d. loving

➪ We can use the present perfect with for, since and how long to ask or talk
about situations that started in the past and have not finished.
➪ To review the present perfect, go to » Grammar points » B1 » Past simple
or present perfect?

24.You should drive _____ if you don't want to have an accident.

 a. slower
 b. more slowly
 c. more slower
 d. slowlier

➪ We use more and most to make the comparative and superlative forms of
two-syllable adverbs ending in -ly (quickly ⇒ more quickly) .
➪ We use -ier and -iest to make the comparative and superlative forms of
two-syllable adjectives ending in -y (dirty ⇒ dirtier).
➪ Slow is an adjective (the comparative form is slower), and slowly is an
adverb (the comparative form is more slowly).
➪ To review comparative adjectives and adverbs, go to » Grammar points »
B1 » Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs
 25. A: "Do you like _____ books?" B: "Yes. I'm always at _____ library."

 a. the / a
 b. a / the
 c. - / a
 d. - / the

➪ We don't use the article to describe something in general, not a specific

things. In the first gap, they are talking about books in general.
➪ We use the with places in a town where we commonly go (the park, the
cinema, the doctor, the library, etc.)
➪ To review the article, go to » Grammar points » B1 » A(n), the, no article

26. A: "Do you speak English?" B: "Yes, _____."

 a. a little
 b. little
 c. a few
 d. few

➪ We use few with plural nouns and little with uncountable nouns,
and English is uncountable.
➪ Normally, the difference between a few/little (WITH a)
and few/little (WITHOUT a) is that a few/little is positive in meaning,
and few/little is negative, e.g if you know 'little English' it means that it's not
enough, but if you know 'a little English' it means that you can have a
minimum of communication.
➪ To review quantifiers, go to » Grammar points » B1 » Gerund or infinitive
– much, many, a lot, little, few, some, any, no – quantifiers

27. The accident, _____ occurred shortly after 9 a.m., left him with serious
head injuries.

 a. which
 b. who
 c. that
 d. where

➪ In a relative clause, we use who to refer to people, which to refer to things

or animals, and where to refer to places.
➪ We can also use that instead of who or which. But we cannot use that in
non-defining relative clauses, i.e. between commas.
➪ To review relative clauses, go to » Grammar points » B1 » Defining and
non-defining relative clauses
 28. _____ the answer if she hadn't helped you?

 a. Could you find

 b. Had you found
 c. Would you have found
 d. Would you find

➪ We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary

situations in the past. We can use the past perfect simple or past perfect
continuous in the if-clause and we can use would, could or might + the
perfect infinitive in the main clause.
➪ To review the third conditional, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals

29.It _____ easy to win the tournament. All the teams were really good.

 a. mustn't have been

 b. shouldn't have been
 c. might not be
 d. can't have been

30. _____ forced to do anything. He acted of his own free will.

 a. In no way was he
 b. No way he was
 c. In any way he was
 d. In any way was he

➪ In formal English we can place a negative or restrictive adverb at the

beginning of a sentence to make the sentence more emphatic or dramatic.
When we do this, the adverb is then followed by auxiliary verb + subject.
When there is no auxiliary verb, we use do/does (present) or did (past) as
auxiliary.
➪ To review inversion after negative adverbs, go to B2» Grammar points
» Inversion with negative adverbials – adding emphasis
 31. We'll never know what might have happened _____ the email earlier.

 a. if he sent
 b. had he sent
 c. if he has sent
 d. did he sent

➪ This is a third conditional sentence. In third conditional sentences, we can

invert the auxiliary verb had and leave if out. Had we arrived = If we had
arrived.
➪ To review inversion in conditional sentences, go to B2» Grammar points
» All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion

32. If success _____, we need to prepare ourselves for every possible

scenario.

 a. is to be achieved
 b. is achieved
 c. will be achieved
 d. is due to achieve

➪ We often use be to + infinitive in a if-clause. In these cases, we say what

should be done (main clause) to achieve the desired result (if-clause).
➪ To review alternative future forms, go to B2 Grammar » Other ways to
express future

33. I wish I _____ come to the zoo with you next weekend, but I’m going to
be busy.

 a. could
 b. would
 c. had
 d. will

➪ We can use wish + past simple to talk about things that we would like to
be different in the present or future, but which are very unlikely or not
possible.
➪ To review this grammar lesson, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Wishes and regrets – I wish / if only
 34. She regretted _____

 a. get married
 b. to get married
 c. having got married
 d. to have got married

➪ After regret, we can use the -ing form of a verb. We could say 'she
regretted getting married', or 'she regretted having got married'. If we use the
perfect -ing form, we emphasise that the action was completed in the past.
➪ To review gerunds and infinitives, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Gerunds and infinitives

35. I’d rather _____ for me at the station.

 a. you waited
 b. you wait
 c. you to
 d. you waiting

➪ When we use would rather or would sooner + subject + verb, we use past
simple to refer to the present or future.
➪ To review would rather go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar » Would
rather, would prefer

36. They threw a rock _____ the window and broke the glass.

 a. through
 b. across
 c. into

➪ We use through to talk about movement from one side to the other side of
something, and in and out of something.
➪ In this case, the stone went from one side to the other side of the window,
and in and out of the glass.
➪ To review prepositions of movement, go to » Grammar points » A2
» Prepositions of movement – along, across, over, etc.
 37. It _____ easy to win the tournament. All the teams were really good.

 a. mustn't have been

 b. shouldn't have been
 c. might not be
 d. can't have been

➪ We can use can’t/couldn’t have + past participle to say that we are quite
sure that something did NOT happen or was NOT true in the past.
➪ We can use must but not mustn't as a modal verb of deduction.
➪ It can't have been easy to win.= I'm quite sure it wasn't easy to win.
➪ To review past modal verbs of deduction, go to B1+ » Grammar points
» Past modal verbs of deduction

38. _____ the answer if she hadn't helped you?

 a. Could you find

 b. Had you found
 c. Would you have found
 d. Would you find

➪ We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary

situations in the past. We can use the past perfect simple or past perfect
continuous in the if-clause and we can use would, could or might + the
perfect infinitive in the main clause.
➪ To review the third conditional, go to Grammar points » B1+ Grammar
» Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals

39.Does he have _____?

 a. any sisters
 b. any sister
 c. some sisters

➪ We use any and not some because the sentence is a question, and we
use any in negatives and questions.
➪ We use some and any before countable plural nouns or singular
uncountable nouns. We use the plural form sisters because it's a countable
noun.
➪ To review this grammar topic, go to » Grammar points » A1 » a, some, any –
countable and uncountable nouns
 40. I sat _____ on the couch and watched a documentary.

 a. comfortable
 b. quiet
 c. comfortably

➪ We use adverbs of manner (NOT adjectives) after after a verb to describe

the verb. We use an adverb of manner to say how something happens or how
we do something.
➪ Comfortable and quiet are adjectives, not adverbs.
➪ To review adverbs of manner, go to » Grammar points » A1 » Adverbs of
manner (slowly) – or adjectives (slow)?

41. What time _____ there?

 a. we should be
 b. should we to be
 c. should we be

➪ To make questions, we use should + subject + infinitive.

➪ After should, we need an infinitive without to.
➪ To review the use of should, go to Grammar » A2 » should, shouldn’t

42.I wish I _____ a normal life, but my life now is a real nightmare.

 a. could have
 b. had had
 c. have had
 d. have

➪ We can use wish + subject + past simple to talk about things that we would
like to be different in the present or future (but which are very unlikely or not
possible).
➪ To review this grammar topic, go to B1+ » Grammar points » Wishes and
regrets – I wish / if only
 43. _____ to offend anyone, she said both cakes were equally good.

 a. Not wanting
 b. As not wanting
 c. She didn't want
 d. Because not wanting

➪ We can use –ing participle clauses to refer to the present or the past.
➪ To review participle clauses, go to B2» Grammar points » Participle
clauses

44._____ in trying to solve this problem. It's clearly unsolvable.

 a. There's no point
 b. It's no point
 c. There isn't point
 d. It's no need

➪ We often use there with use, point and need.

➪ To review the use of there and it, go to B2» Grammar points » There and it
– preparatory subjects

45. Last year, when I last met her, she told me she _____ a letter every day
for the last two months.

 a. had written
 b. has written
 c. had been writing
 d. wrote

➪ We use the past perfect continuous with dynamic verbs to talk

about repeated actions from earlier in the past.
➪ To review past perfect continuous, go to B2» Grammar points » Narrative
tenses, used to, would
 46. It _____ the best idea to pay for those tickets by credit card. It
was too risky.

 a. may not have been

 b. may not be
 c. might not be
 d. must not have been

➪ We use might/may have + past participle or might/may have been + -

ing to say that it’s possible that something was true or happened in the past.
➪ To review modal verbs of speculation and deduction, go to B2 Grammar
» Speculation and deduction – modal verbs and expressions

47.We'll never know what might have happened _____ the email earlier.

 a. if he sent
 b. had he sent
 c. if he has sent
 d. did he sent

➪ This is a third conditional sentence. In third conditional sentences, we can

invert the auxiliary verb had and leave if out. Had we arrived = If we had
arrived.
➪ To review inversion in conditional sentences, go to B2» Grammar points
» All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion

48. If success _____, we need to prepare ourselves for every

possible scenario.

 a. is to be achieved
 b. is achieved
 c. will be achieved
 d. is due to achieve

➪ We often use be to + infinitive in a if-clause. In these cases, we say what

should be done (main clause) to achieve the desired result (if-clause).
➪ To review alternative future forms, go to B2 Grammar » Other ways to
express future
 49. ______ gifts to the judges.

 a. It's not allowed offering

 b. It's not permitted to offer
 c. It's not permitted offering
 d. It's not allowed to offer

➪ We can use it + be (not) permitted to +infinitive to express permission or

prohibition in formal or official situations, to say what the rules or laws are. We
do NOT use it + be able to/be allowed to.
➪ To review this grammar point, go to B2 Grammar » Modal verbs –
permission, obligation, prohibition, necessity

50. _____ at a low temperature, the ribs are tender and gelatinous.

 a. Cooking
 b. Cooked
 c. When cooking
 d. Cook

➪ You must always make sure that the subject of the verb in the participle
clause and the subject of the verb in the main clause are the same (the ribs
are cooked, the ribs are tender).
➪ To review participle clauses, go to B2» Grammar points » Participle
clauses

51. _____ your mind, we would be grateful if you gave us a call.

 a. If you would change

 b. If you had changed
 c. If you'll change
 d. Were you to change

➪ We can also find cases of inversion with this structure: were + subject + to +
infinitive. It is used to talk about future improbable events (like the second
conditional). In the sentence above were you to change = if you changed.
➪ To review inversion in conditional sentences, you can go to B2 » Grammar
points » All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion
 52. He looked ______ a ghost.

 a. as though he had seen

 b. as he had seen
 c. like seeing
 d. as if a

➪ We can use feel, smell, taste, sound, and feel + as if/as though +
clause (subject + verb).
➪ The other options are all incorrect.
➪ To review the verbs of the senses, go to B1+ » Grammar points » Verbs of
the senses: look, sound, feel, etc.

David denied _____ part in the robbery.

 a. having taken
 b. to take
 c. take
 d. to have taken

➪ We can use deny + -ing verb or deny + that clause: He denied having taken
part / He denied that he had taken part.
➪ We use the perfect gerund (having taken) to indicate that the action
expressed by the verb was completed in the past.
➪ But both the simple gerund (taking) or perfect gerund (having taken) are
possible when it's obvious that the action happened in the past: He denied
taking/having taken part in the robbery.
➪ To review this grammar topic, go to B1+ » Grammar points » Reporting
verbs