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    The Nervous System

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    lattard
    The document discusses how the nervous system controls the body. It describes the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and different types of neurons. It explains how neurons carry messages through the body and brain via electrical and chemical signals. It also gives examples of reflexes and describes the pathway of a reflex arc.

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    The Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    lattard
    7 views3 pages
    The document discusses how the nervous system controls the body. It describes the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and different types of neurons. It explains how neurons carry messages through the body and brain via electrical and chemical signals. It also gives examples of reflexes and describes the pathway of a reflex arc.

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    The nervous system

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    The document discusses how the nervous system controls the body. It describes the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and different types of neurons. It explains how neurons carry messages through the body and brain via electrical and chemical signals. It also gives examples of reflexes and describes the pathway of a reflex arc.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views3 pages

    The Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    lattard
    The document discusses how the nervous system controls the body. It describes the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and different types of neurons. It explains how neurons carry messages through the body and brain via electrical and chemical signals. It also gives examples of reflexes and describes the pathway of a reflex arc.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Maintaining Control

    THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1


    In this worksheet you will learn how the nervous system controls the body.

    special The nervous system is one of the control systems for our body. Our
    words nervous system is spread throughout our body and works very quickly.
    It helps to coordinate various parts of the body and to steer us clear of
    nervous system
    dangers in our everyday lives.
    central nervous system (CNS) brain
    brain The nervous system is made up of CNS cranial
    spinal cord two parts: spinal nerves
    peripheral nervous system (PNS) cord
    • central nervous system (CNS) is PNS
    nerve cell
    neurone made up of the brain and the spinal
    myelin spinal cord. nerves
    neurotransmitter
    sensory neurone • peripheral nervous system (PNS)
    motor neurone is made up of nerve cells
    (neurones) that connect all parts
    of the body to the brain and
    spinal cord.

    Neurones carry messages to and from all parts of the body. Nerves
    are made up of bundles of neurones. There are different kinds of
    neurones; each has a different job and structure.

    Skin

    Connector neurone

    Sensory neurone

    dendrites

    CNS
    cell body

    Muscle

    axon

    myelin layer Motor neurone


    Direction of message

    Messages only travel in one direction in neurones (nerve cells).


    Connector neurones pass the messages through the CNS.

    Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) – Science Worksheet Searcher
    Maintaining Control

    Structure of neurones

    • Neurones have a cell body with a nucleus.


    • Dendrites are branching bits of the cell body that receive messages from other neurones.
    • Axons carry the message along the neurone away from the cell body. The messages travel
    very fast, up to 100 metres per second. Messages only move in one direction.
    • An insulating layer of myelin covers the axon of long neurones. Myelin helps the
    message to move quickly and stops it jumping between neurones. This stops the message
    from getting lost.
    • Special chemicals called neurotransmitters pass the messages between neurones.
    Neurotransmitters are used up during activity and are replaced when we sleep. When we
    lack neurotransmitters we can become clumsy. This helps to explain why we sometimes
    bump into or drop things when we are tired.
    Messages pass from:
    • the area where the message is received by sensory neurones
    • to the spinal cord
    • to the brain
    • through the brain
    • back down the spinal cord along motor neurones to an area causing a response.

    To do
    1 Use the words on this page to label the diagram.
    2 Your finished diagram will show the path messages take around our body.

    Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) – Science Worksheet Searcher
    Maintaining Control

    Some messages called reflexes are very fast.


    • Reflexes are messages that travel from where they are received by sensory neurones to
    the spinal cord and then travel straight back along motor neurones to the same area to
    cause a response.
    • Reflexes do not have to pass all the way up to the brain and back so they are very fast.
    They help protect us from dangers.
    • Examples would be when you touch a hot object and pull your hand away, blinking your
    eyes to stop something getting into them, and pulling your foot away after standing on a
    sharp object.

    spinal cord pain receptors in skin


    vertebra detect painful stimulus
    sensory nerve fibre (pin prick)

    muscle (effector)

    message
    to brain motor nerve
    fibre

    stimulus: receptors sensory nerves


    pain (pain receptors)
    central nervous
    response: system
    remove effectors
    (muscle) motor nerves
    hand
    The pathway of a reflex action can be represented by a reflex arc.

    To do
    1 Use string, paper, Blu-tack, sticky tape and any other materials that you need to make a
    2D model on a poster that shows how messages travel throughout our bodies. Your
    model should include sensory neurones, connector neurones, motor neurones, cell bodies,
    dendrites, axons and neurotransmitters.
    2 Include arrows to show which way the message is travelling.
    3 Explain your model to a partner.

    Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) – Science Worksheet Searcher

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