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Estimation of total carbohydrates content in different parts of Trigonella

foenum - graecum Linn.

Article · December 2016

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Deore Sonali V, IJPNM, 2016, 4(2): 72–75 ISSN: 2321-6743

International Journal of Pharmacy and

Natural Medicines
Journal Home Page: www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/ijpnm

Research Article Open Access

Estimation of total carbohydrates content in different parts of Trigonella

foenum-graecum Linn.
Deore Sonali V* and Kadam Vasant B
P.G. Department of Botany & Research Centre, K.T.H.M. College, Nasik – 422002

ABSTRACT
Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.), plant is widely distributed throughout the world and which belongs to the family
Fabacecae. The seasonal variation of starch , total sugar and total carbohydrates content have been investigated from leaves,
stem , root and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Comparative account to fstarchcontent of leaves, stem and root of
Trigonellafoenum-graecum showed (range 5.176 to 22.684 mg/g dry wt.). The comparative account of total sugar content of
leaves, stem and root of Trigonella foenumgraecum showed (range 2.358 to 9.637mg/g dry wt.) and comparative account of
total carbohydrates content of leaves, stem and root of Trigonella foenum-graecum showed (range 7.534 to 32.321 mg/g dry
wt.).Higher level of starch (49.017mg/g dry wt.), (12.720 mg/g dry wt.)and total carbohydrates (61.737 mg/g dry wt.) were
found in seeds compared to leaves, stem and root of Trigonellafoenum-graecum Linn.
Keywords: Starch, total sugar, total carbohydrates, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

ARTICLE INFO

CONTENTS
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2. Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
3. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Article History: Received 21 October 2016, Accepted 27 November 2016, Available Online 15 December 2016

*Corresponding Author
Deore Sonali V
P.G. Department of Botany and
Research Centre, K.T.H.M. College,
Nasik – 422002, India
PAPER-QR CODE
Manuscript ID: IJPNM3289

Citation: Deore Sonali V. Estimation of total carbohydrates content in different parts of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Int. J. Pharm.
Natural Med., 2016, 4(2): 72-75.
Copyright© 2016 Deore Sonali V. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction
Carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars.
groups: monosaccharide, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living things.
and polysaccharides. In general, the monosaccharide and Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy and as
disaccharides, which are smaller (lower molecular weight) structural components the 5-carbon monosaccharide.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Medicines 72

Deore Sonali V, IJPNM, 2016, 4(2): 72–75 ISSN: 2321-6743
Saccharides and their derivatives include many other Na2SO4, 7H2O). Both solutions were mixed and incubated
important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune at 37 0C for 24 hours before use and were stored in brown
system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood bottle.
clotting, and development. In food science and in many 3) Standard sugar solution was prepared by dissolving 10
informal contexts, the term carbohydrate often means any mg glucose in 100 ml distilled water.
food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate Procedure:
starch or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar. All human 1gm of sample was crushed with 10 ml 80% ethanol in
beings required a number of complex organic/inorganic mortar and pestle by adding acid free sand and then filtered
compounds in diet to meet the need for their activities. The through watman filter paper. The filter and residue were
important constituents of diet are carbohydrates, fats, collected separately. The alcohol residue was taken in 250
proteins, vitamins, minerals and water (Indrayan et. al., ml in conical flask. 150ml distilled water and 5ml conc.
2005). According to New Wall et. al., (1996), every HCL were added in it. Hydrolyzed for 30 minutes and
constituent plays an important role and deficiency of any cooled to room temperature. Na2CO3 was added bit-by bit
one constituent may lead to abnormal developments in the until the extract became neutral (pH = 7). The extract was
body. Plants are the rich source of all the elements essential filtered. Residue was discarded .Total volume of filtered
for human beings. was served as a sample for starch. First filtrate was taken in
conical flask and condensed on water bath up to 2-3
The phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of minutes then distilled water was added to the filtrate, and
most of the medicinal plants were recorded in the last few then filtered, after mixing residue was discarded and the
decades by a number of workers (Joshi, 2000; Nudrat and volume of filtrate was served for reducing sugar.
Usha, 2005; Deore and Kadam, 2016). These medicinal
plants are subjected to various processes and are then 20 ml of this filtrate was taken in 150 ml conical flask, 2ml
administrated to the patients. The survey and of conc. HCl was added to it and corked. It was then
documentation of medicinally important plants in each and hydrolyzed for 30 minutes and cooled at room temperature.
every place is very much important for easy identification Na2CO3 was added bit-by bit until the extract became
of local traditional healers, conservation and sustainable neutral (pH=7). Then this extract was filtered and residue
utilization. Plants have always played a major role in the was discarded. The final volume of the filtrate was
treatment of human traumas and diseases worldwide. measured. It served as a sample for total sugar. 0.5 ml of
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) as aliquot sample was taken in each test tube and 1 ml of
much as 80% of world’s population depends on traditional Somogy’s reagent was added in it. All test tubes were
medicine for their primary health care needs (Azaizeh et al., placed in boiling water bath for 30 minutes, cooled the
2003). Medicinal plants have been used as traditional tubes to room temperature and 1ml of arsenomolybdate
treatments for numerous human diseases for thousands of reagent which is poisonous was added to it. The content
years. was mixed thoroughly. Then the content was diluted to a
volume of 10ml and its absorbance measured OD at 560 nm
Trigonella foenum-graecum is one such plant that has been in Spectrophotometer.
extensively used as a source of antidiabetic compounds,
from its seeds, leaves and extracts in different model 3. Results and Discussion
systems (Raju, et al. 2001; Srinivasan 2006; Khalki, et al. The continuous two year investigation showed that leaves
2010). Fenugreek is traditionally used in India, especially in generally accumulated total carbohydrate ranges from
the Ayurveda and Unani systems (Grover et.al., 2002; 24.998 mg/g dry wt. to 32.321 mg/g dry wt. higher level of
Srinivasan 2006). In humans, fenugreek seeds exert total carbohydrates observed at summer 32.321 mg/g dry
hypoglycaemic effect by stimulating glucose-dependent wt. as compared to winter 29.270 mg/g dry wt. and
insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, as well as by monsoon 24.998 mg/g dry wt. In stem it was observed that
inhibiting the activities of L-amylase and sucrose (Amin et at summer 18.026 mg/g dry wt. of total carbohydrates
al. 1987). Trigonellafoenum-graecum was most effective in accumulates higher than winter i.e. 16.012 mg/g dry wt. and
reversing the aberrations in the enzyme activities (Siddiqui, monsoon 14.623 mg/g dry wt. Summer show highest level
et. al., 2006). Puri, et al., (2002) had isolated an active of total carbohydrates .While in root total carbohydrates
compound from fenugreek that showed hypoglycemic ranges from 7.534 mg/g dry wt. to 10.993 mg/g dry wt.,
properties in diabetic rabbits. higher level observed in summer 10.993 mg/g dry wt. as
compared to winter 9.466 mg/g dry wt. and monsoon 7.534
2. Materials and method mg/g dry wt. The total carbohydrates content of seeds was
Carbohydrates were estimated by Mc Gready (1950), and higher (61.737 mg/g dry wt.) as compared to leaves, stem
Nelson (1941) methods. and roots of all seasons. The percentage of total
Reagents: carbohydrates were found to be increasing order of seeds<
1) Somogy's reagent: (4 gm. CuSO4 +24 gm. anhydrous leaves < stem <root (Table No. 1 and Graph No. 1).
Na2CO3 +16 gm. Na-K tartrate (Rocheette salt) + 180gm
Anhydrous Na2SO4. In leaves total sugar accumulated high level observed at
2) Nelson arsenomolybdate reagent: (24gm summer season (i.e. 9.637 mg/g dry wt. than winter i.e.
(NH4)6MO7O24, 4H2O Ammonium molybdate) + (3gm 8.305 mg/g dry wt. and monsoon 6.753 mg/g dry wt., while
International Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Medicines 73
Deore Sonali V, IJPNM, 2016, 4(2): 72–75 ISSN: 2321-6743
in stem range of total sugar is from 4.112 mg/g dry wt. to The range of starch content in leaves show from 18.245
5.347 mg/g dry wt., highest level observed at summer 5.347 mg/g dry wt. to 22.684 mg/g dry wt., highest level observed
mg/g dry wt. as compared to monsoon 4.112 mg/g dry wt. at summer season i.e. 22.684 mg/g dry wt. as compared to
and winter 4.645 mg/g dry wt. respectively. The total sugar winter i.e. 20.956 mg/g dry wt. and monsoon 18.245 mg/g
of root show lower level than leaves, stem and seeds. The dry wt. In stem starch accumulation observed high at
range of total sugar content in the roots are 2.358 mg/g dry summer 12.679 mg/g dry wt. as compared to winter 11.367
wt. to 3.698 mg/g dry wt. , higher level observed at summer mg/g dry wt. and monsoon 10.511 mg/g dry wt. The starch
3.698 mg/g dry wt. as compared to winter 2.984 mg/g dry accumulation in root show lower than leaves, stem and
wt. and monsoon 2.358 mg/g dry wt. The total sugar of seeds. In seeds show higher accumulation of starch 49.017
seeds shows higher level (12.720 mg/g dry wt.) than leaves, mg/g dry wt. than leaves, stem and root of all seasons
stem and root of all seasons. The percentage of total sugar tested. The concentration of starch were found to be
were found to be in increasing order of seeds <leaves increasing order of seeds< leaves < stem < roots (Table No.
<stem <roots (Table No. 1 and Graph No. 1). 1 and Graph No.1)

Table 1: Seasonal variation of total carbohydrates levels of different plant parts of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.
Season Starch Total Sugar Total Carbohydrates
Plant part (Mg/g dry wt.) (Mg/g dry wt.) (Mg/g dry wt.)
Leaves Summer 22.684 9.637 32.321
Monsoon 18.245 06.753 24.998
Winter 20.965 08.305 29.270
Stem Summer 12.679 05.347 18.026
Monsoon 10.511 04.112 14.623
Winter 11.367 04.645 16.012
Root Summer 07.295 03.698 10.993
Monsoon 05.176 02.358 07.534
Winter 06.482 02.984 09.466
Seeds -- 49.017 12.720 61.737

Graph 1

4. References
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(1987): “intestinal absorption.Proceedings of the “Determination of soluble extractives of
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Nutritive value and Analysis of mineral elements
for some medicinally valued Plants from
Uttaranchal”. Current Sci 89:1252-1255.
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[7] Khalki L, M’hamed S.B, Bennis M, Chait A and
Sokar Z (2010): Evaluation of the Developmental
Toxicity of the aqueous extract from Trigonella
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macol.15: 321–325.
[8] Mc Gready, R.H., Goggaot., Silvera and Owens,
H.S., (1950): “Determination of Starch and
Amylase in Vegetables”. Application to Peas.
Anal. Chem. 22: 1156-1158.
[9] Nelson, N. (1941): “A Photometric adapt ion of
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Glucose,” J. Biol. Chem. 153: 375-380.
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Spectrum “antibacterial activity of Trigonella
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Baquer N.Z (2001): TSP Trigonella
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improves glucose homeostasis in Alloxan Diabetic
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International Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Medicines 75

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