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Assessment

Chapter Test B
Chapter: Acid-Base Titration and pH
PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best
completes each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. The pH scale generally ranges from

a. 0 to 1.
b. 1 to 1.
c. 0 to 7.
d. 0 to 14.

______ 2. During the titration of HCl with NaOH, a very rapid change in pH
occurs
a. when the first addition of known solution is made.
b. when roughly equivalent amounts of H3O ions and OH ions
become present.
c. at several points.
d. at no point.

______ 3. A water solution is neutral if

a. it contains no H3O ions.
b. it contains no ionized water molecules.
c. it contains no H3O ions or OH ions.
d. the concentrations of H3O ions and OH ions are equal.

______ 4. The antilog of a number N is

a. the inverse of N.
b. the square root of N.
c. 10 raised to the power of N.
d. N raised to the 10th power.

______ 5. Universal indicators

a. are mixtures of several indicator solutions.
b. are pure substances.
c. have very brief color-change intervals.
d. work well only for acidic solutions.

______ 6. A useful pH range for an indicator in neutralizations involving strong

acids and weak bases is
a. 1.2 to 3.0.
b. 3.1 to 4.6.
c. 6.0 to 7.6.
d. 9.5 to 11.0.

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Modern Chemistry 139 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

______ 7. An acid-base titration determines the solution volumes that are

a. chemically equivalent.
b. of equal molarity.
c. of equal mass.
d. of equal molality.

______ 8. In acidic solutions, an indicator that is a weak acid, HIn, is primarily in

the form
a. In.
b. In.
c. InOH.
d. HIn.

PART II
Write the correct term (or terms) in the space provided.

9. Pure water partially breaks down into ions in a process called

10. If [H3O] in a solution is less than [OH], the solution is

11. The pH range over which an indicator changes color is called the indicator’s

12. The negative of the common logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration is

called .

13. The product of [H3O] and [OH] in a water solution equals

14. The sum of the pH and the pOH of a neutral solution at 25°C is

15. As the concentration of hydronium ions increases, a solution becomes more

acidic and the pH .

16. In a titration, an indicator changes color at the

of the titration.

17. When a weak acid is titrated with a strong base, the pH of the solution at the

equivalence point is than 7.

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Modern Chemistry 140 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

18. When a strong acid is titrated with a weak base, the pH of the solution at the

equivalence point is than 7.

19. A is a highly purified solid used to check

the concentration of a standard solution.

20. A 1 M solution of NaOH will have a pH that is

than the pH of a 1 M solution of NH3.

In the space provided, identify each of the following values as true of acidic or
basic solutions at 25°C.

21. pH  4.0

22. [H3O]  1  102

23. [OH]  1  108

24. pH  9.0

25. [OH]  1  104

PART III Write the answers to the following questions in the space provided.
26. How does a pH meter measure the pH of a solution?

27. What can be observed about the rate of change in the pH of a solution during
a titration?

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Modern Chemistry 141 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

28. Write the general equilibrium expression for the dissociation of an acid-base
indicator that is a weak acid, HIn, and explain how this equilibrium
determines the color of the indicator at a given pH.

PART IV
In the space provided, identify each of the following substances as acidic, basic, or
neutral.

29. grapefruit

30. pure water

31. seawater

32. eggs

33. blood

Calculate the [H3O] and [OH] for each of the following. Write your answers in
the spaces provided.

34. 1  104 M HCl

35. 1  104 M NaOH

36. 1  104 M Ca(OH)2

37. 1  104 M HNO3

38. 5  103 M HClO4

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Modern Chemistry 142 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

PART V Write the answers to the following problems on the line to the left, and
show your work in the space provided.

_______________________ 39. What is the hydronium ion concentration of an

aqueous solution that has a pH of 5.0?

_______________________ 40. What is the pH of a 104 M HCl solution?

_______________________ 41. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a

solution with a pH of 12.40?

_______________________ 42. What is the molarity of a solution of H2SO4 if

49.0 mL of it are neutralized by 68.4 mL of 0.333 M
NaOH solution?

_______________________ 43. If 72.1 mL of 0.543 M H2SO4 are needed to

neutralize 39.0 mL of KOH solution, what is
the molarity of the KOH solution?

_______________________ 44. What is the molarity of an NaOH solution if

130.0 mL of the solution are neutralized by
61.3 mL of 0.0124 M H3PO4?

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Modern Chemistry 143 Chapter Test
Back Print RESOURCE PAGE
TEACHER
water to produce a sulfuric acid solu- 23. acidic
tion that falls to the ground as rain or 24. basic
snow. SO3(g)  H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq) 25. basic
37. Have a sour taste; change the color of 26. A pH meter measures the pH of a solu-
acid-base indicators; some react with tion by measuring the voltage between
active metals to release hydrogen gas; the two electrodes that are placed in
react with bases to produce salts and the solution. This works because the
water; conduct electric current voltage is proportional to the hydro-
38. H3PO4(aq)  H2O(l) ← → nium ion concentration.

H3O (aq)  H2PO 4 (aq) 27. The pH changes slowly at first, then
H2PO4(aq)  H2O(l) ← → H3O(aq)  rapidly through the equivalence point,
2
HPO 4 (aq) then slowly again.
HPO 42(aq)  H2O(l) ← → H3O(aq)  28. HIn  H2O ← → H3O In or HIn ^
3  
PO4 (aq) H  In
In acidic solutions, the H3O ions in
solution drive the equation toward the
15 Acid-Base Titration nonionized form. HIn is present in
and pH, pp. 134–143 largely nonionized form in acidic solu-
tions, and In ions are present in
TEST A largely ionized form in basic solutions.
1. d 2. c HIn is a different color than the In
3. b 4. c ion.
5. c 6. c 29. acidic
7. b 8. b 30. neutral
9. d 10. b 31. basic
11. c 12. b 32. basic
13. a 14. d 33. basic
15. d 16. d 34. [H3O]  1  104 M;
17. d 18. a [OH]  1  1010 M
19. c 20. c 35. [H3O]  1.0  1010 M;
21. d 22. b [OH]  1.0  104 M
23. c 24. d 36. [H3O]  5.0  1011 M;
25. d [OH]  2.0  104 M
37. [H3O]  1  104 M;
TEST B [OH]  1  1010 M
1. d 2. b 38. [H3O]  5  103 M;
3. d 4. c [OH]  2  1012 M
5. a 6. b 39. 1  105 M
7. a 8. d 40. 4.0
9. self-ionization 41. 2.5  102 M
10. basic 42. 0.232 M
11. transition interval 43. 2.01 M
12. pH 44. 0.0175 M
13. 1014
14. 14
15. decreases 16 Reaction Energy,
16. end point pp. 144–153
17. higher
18. lower TEST A
19. primary standard 1. d 2. a
20. higher 3. c 4. a
21. acidic 5. b 6. c
22. acidic 7. a 8. a

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Modern Chemistry 231 Answer Key