CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 ORGANIZATION & ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY
An organization encompasses various roles, including leadership, management, employees, support staff,
customers, suppliers, stakeholders, and regulatory bodies. Leadership provides direction, while management
oversees operations. Employees execute tasks, and support staff offer administrative aid. Customers receive
goods or services, and suppliers provide necessary resources. Stakeholders have an interest in the organization,
and regulatory bodies ensure compliance. Each role contributes to the organization’s success and fulfillment of
its goals.
Organizational study involves analyzing how an organization functions, its structure, processes, and culture. It
helps identify strengths, weaknesses, inefficiencies, and opportunities for improvement. By understanding these
aspects, organizations can enhance communication, efficiency, innovation, and effectively implement changes.
This report is an overview of the organisational study conducted at Janatha Charitable Society. The main goal
was to understand the structure, process, and operations of the organisation and how the organisation work as a
team to accomplish the organisational goals.
Janatha Charitable Society is a company related with dairy industry. The company has always stood up for the
well being of the community in Malabar region.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• Understand the organisational missions, visions, process, levels.
• Gain on job knowledge of the various functions of the company
• Know how theoretical knowledge is applied in the actual world and compare the results
• To identify and evaluate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats faced by the company.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• The study aims at examining the performance of the company It also helps us to be aware of the different
various operations happening in the organisation.
• To help to evaluate the trend of the business with the help of different quantitative and qualitative measures
and techniques.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
• Primary Source
Data collected by conducting direct interview and observations.
• Secondary sources
Company records
Journals
Magazines
Newspapers
1.5 LIMITATIONS
• Lack of time for collecting data from different departments of the organisation.
• Lack of availablity of secondary data

CHAPTER-2
INDUSTRY PROFILE
 2. INDUSTRY PROFILE
2.1 DAIRY INDUSTRY
The dairy industry involves the production, processing, and distribution of dairy products like milk, cheese,
yogurt, and butter. It’s a global sector that starts with dairy farms producing milk, which is then processed and
sold to consumers through various channels.
2.1.1 PRODUCTS, USE AND CONSUMERS
Products of the dairy industry include milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, ice cream, and other dairy-based foods.
Users of these products include individuals, families, restaurants, bakeries, food manufacturers, and various
other businesses in the food and beverage industry.
Products of the dairy industry, such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, and ice cream, are used by individuals,
families, restaurants, bakeries, and food manufacturers for consumption, cooking, baking, and as ingredients in
various dishes and recipes.
2.1.2 MAJOR SEGMENTS
2.1.3 FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND AND SUPPLY
Demand factors in the dairy industry include population growth, dietary preferences, health trends, and
consumer purchasing power. Supply factors include the number of dairy farms, technology and innovation in
dairy farming and processing, weather conditions affecting milk production, government regulations, and
international trade agreements impacting imports and exports of dairy products.
2.2 GLOBAL SCENARIO
The global dairy industry is growing due to factors like population growth, rising incomes, and urbanization.
Developed countries have mature markets, while emerging economies show rapid growth. Challenges include
fluctuating milk prices, environmental concerns, and shifting consumer preferences. However, technological
advancements and sustainability efforts are shaping its future.
2.2.1 SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY
The dairy industry is substantial, generating hundreds of billions of dollars annually. It involves various
activities from farming to processing, manufacturing, distribution, and retail. It employs millions globally and is
vital for food production and nutrition.
2.2.2 STRUCTURE
2.2.3 IMPORTANT TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY

Some trends in the dairy industry include:

1. Plant-Based Alternatives: Growing consumer interest in plant-based dairy alternatives such as almond
milk, soy milk, and oat milk due to health, environmental, and ethical concerns.

2. Health and Wellness: Increasing demand for dairy products with added health benefits, such as
probiotics in yogurt and reduced-fat options.

3. Sustainability: Focus on sustainable practices throughout the dairy supply chain to reduce environmental
impact, including efforts to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and optimize water usage.

4. Convenience: Rising popularity of convenient dairy products like single-serve yogurt cups, cheese
snacks, and on-the-go milkshakes or smoothies.

5. Premiumization: Demand for premium and artisanal dairy products, including specialty cheeses, organic
milk, and high-quality ice cream made with natural ingredients.

6. Technology and Innovation: Adoption of advanced technologies in dairy farming, processing, and
packaging to improve efficiency, product quality, and sustainability.

7. E-commerce: Increasing sales of dairy products through online platforms and direct-to-consumer
channels, driven by convenience and changing shopping habits.
These trends are shaping the evolution of the dairy industry and influencing consumer preferences and
purchasing behavior.
2.2.4 MAJOR PLAYERS
Some major big players in the dairy industry include:

1. Nestlé
2. Danone
3. Lactalis
4. Fonterra
5. Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)
6. Arla Foods
7. Saputo
8. Yili Group
9. Mengniu Dairy
10. FrieslandCampina

These companies are among the largest and most influential in the dairy sector, operating globally and involved
in various aspects of dairy production, processing, and distribution.
2.2.5 FUTURE OF THE INDUSTRY
The future of the dairy industry will be influenced by trends such as health consciousness, sustainability,
technological advancements, market diversification, and the rise of plant-based alternatives. Balancing
traditional products with emerging alternatives will be crucial for companies to adapt to changing consumer
preferences and regulatory environments.
2.3 NATIONAL SCENARIO
India’s dairy industry is the world’s largest, driven by smallholder farmers and cooperatives like Amul. Milk
and dairy products are staples in the Indian diet. Government support, including initiatives like Operation Flood,
has been pivotal. Challenges include low productivity and infrastructure gaps, but the sector holds immense
potential for growth.
2.3.1 GOVERNEMENT POLICIES AND IMPACTS
Government policies have a significant impact on the dairy industry, influencing various aspects such as
production, pricing, marketing, and quality standards. Here’s a brief overview:
 1. Subsidies and Incentives: Governments often provide subsidies and incentives to support dairy farming,
such as subsidies for animal feed, breeding, and infrastructure development. These policies help reduce
production costs and improve the competitiveness of dairy farmers.

2. Price Support Mechanisms: Price support mechanisms, such as minimum support prices (MSPs) for
milk or guaranteed procurement prices, ensure stable incomes for dairy farmers and protect them from
market fluctuations.

3. Regulation and Quality Standards: Governments enforce regulations and quality standards to ensure the
safety and quality of dairy products for consumers. This includes standards for milk purity, hygiene
practices, and labeling requirements.

4. Dairy Cooperatives: Many governments promote the formation of dairy cooperatives to empower
smallholder farmers, improve market access, and strengthen bargaining power. Cooperative models, like
the Amul model in India, have been successful in revolutionizing the dairy industry.

5. Trade Policies: Governments implement trade policies that affect the import and export of dairy
products, including tariffs, quotas, and trade agreements. These policies impact the competitiveness of
domestic producers and influence international trade dynamics.

Overall, government policies play a crucial role in shaping the structure, competitiveness, and sustainability of
the dairy industry, with impacts felt across the entire supply chain, from farm to consumer.
2.3.2 DEMAND AND SUPPLY FACTORS

In India, demand and supply factors influence the dynamics of the dairy industry:

Demand Factors:
1. Population Growth: India’s large and growing population contributes to increasing demand for dairy
products.
2. Urbanization: Urbanization leads to changes in dietary habits, with higher demand for processed dairy
products like milk, yogurt, and cheese.
3. Rising Incomes: As incomes rise, consumers have more purchasing power to afford dairy products, driving
up demand.
4. Health Awareness: Growing awareness of the health benefits of dairy consumption, such as protein and
calcium, contributes to higher demand.
5. Cultural Significance: Dairy products are integral to Indian cuisine and cultural practices, sustaining
consistent demand.

Supply Factors:
1. Dairy Farming Practices: Traditional smallholder dairy farming is predominant, but modernization efforts are
increasing productivity.
2. Technology Adoption: Adoption of technology and modern farming practices, such as improved breeds,
better feed management, and mechanization, enhances milk production.
3. Government Support: Government schemes and subsidies for dairy farming, like Operation Flood and
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, support increased supply.
4. Weather Conditions: Weather patterns and availability of fodder affect the productivity of dairy animals,
impacting supply.
5. Infrastructure Development: Investments in infrastructure, such as cold storage facilities and transportation
networks, facilitate efficient supply chain management.

2.3.3 MAJOR PLAYERS

In India, the dairy industry is dominated by several major players, including:

1. Amul (Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation)

2. Mother Dairy (National Dairy Development Board)
3. Nestlé India
4. Britannia Industries
5. Hatsun Agro Product Ltd.
6. Parag Milk Foods Ltd.
7. Kwality Ltd.
8. Heritage Foods Ltd.
9. Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF)
10. Karnataka Cooperative Milk Producers Federation (KMF)

These companies play key roles in dairy farming, processing, marketing.

2.3.4 COMPETITIVE TRENDS
Competitive trends in the Indian dairy industry include:

1. Brand Diversification: Dairy companies are expanding their product portfolios to offer a diverse range
of dairy products, including flavored milk, yogurt, cheese, and ice cream, catering to changing consumer
preferences.

2. Geographic Expansion: Dairy companies are expanding their presence beyond traditional markets,
targeting rural and urban areas alike to capture new consumer segments and increase market share.

3. Technological Adoption: Adoption of technology and automation in dairy farming, processing, and
distribution is increasing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving product quality, giving companies a
competitive edge.

4. Innovation and Product Development: Companies are investing in research and development to innovate
new dairy products, flavors, and packaging formats to differentiate themselves in the market and attract
consumers.

5. Marketing Strategies: Aggressive marketing campaigns, celebrity endorsements, and promotional

activities are used by dairy companies to build brand awareness, enhance brand equity, and gain market
share.

6. Retail Expansion: Dairy companies are expanding their retail presence through branded outlets,
franchising, and partnerships with supermarkets and convenience stores to increase accessibility and
drive sales.

7. Quality Assurance: Maintaining high-quality standards and adherence to food safety regulations is
crucial for dairy companies to build consumer trust, protect brand reputation, and stay competitive in the
market.

These competitive trends reflect the dynamic nature of the Indian dairy industry and the strategies adopted by
companies to stay ahead in a rapidly evolving market landscape.
2.3.5 FUTURE OF THE INDUSTRY
The future of India’s dairy industry looks promising with opportunities for growth driven by factors like
population growth, rising incomes, and technological advancements. Sustainable practices, market
diversification, and government support will be key. Competition will intensify, prompting companies to
innovate and expand their offerings. However, addressing challenges such as sustainability and quality
assurance will be crucial for long-term success.
CHAPTER-3
COMPANY PROFILE

COMPANY PROFILE
3.1 History of JANATHA Charitable Society
The Janatha Charitable Society is the second largest milk processing and marketing society in Malabar region.
Janatha Charitable Society, Vellur has registered under the Societies Registration Act XXXI of 1860, on 28 th
April 1982. 19 farmers cooperatively joined with the small investment of 100 rupees per each farmer. In 1982-
1983 the society produced and marketed 50 litres of milk at Vellur locality. E Bhaskaran was the first secretary
of Janatha Charitable Society . Today Janatha Charitable Society is marketing 70000 litres of milk, 10000 litres
of curd, 1000 litres of ghee and other dairy products. The plant is situated in Vellur, near to Karivellur, the plain
in 5 kilometres away from Payyannur.100 employees directly work and around 200 employees directly work in
Janatha Charitable Society. T. Sreejith is the current Secretary of Janatha Charitable Society.
The turnover of Janatha in the year 2019 was 70,81,65,630 rupees. During the Covid pandemic there was a
reduction in production but by 2022 they managed to increase production by 20%. Onn 2018 the new
inagurated new block for of ice cream. New advanced technologies are introduced in plant to increase the
production and reduce the work load of workers.
3.2 Organisational Structure
3.3 All Departments and their functions
The departments operating in Janatha Charitable Society are
•Production Department:The production department is the heart of a milk manufacturing company. Here’s
where raw milk is transformed into the finished products we see on store shelves.
Receiving and inspection: Inbound raw milk is checked for quality and temperature.
Processing: Milk is filtered, pasteurized (heat treatment), and potentially homogenized (texture control).
Operating machinery: Production staff run and maintain the equipment used in these processes.
Quality control: Rigorous testing happens throughout to ensure the milk meets safety and quality standards.
Packaging: The final product is filled into cartons, bottles or other containers in a sanitary environment.
•Financial Department : The financial department is the economic backbone of the milk manufacturing
company. They oversee the flow of money in and out of the business. This includes tasks like:

* **Managing the budget:** They create financial plans, forecasting income and expenses to ensure the
company operates profitably.
* **Financial reporting:** They track and analyze financial data, generating reports that summarize the
company’s financial health for management and regulatory bodies.
* **Cost control:** They identify areas to optimize spending and ensure efficient use of company funds.
* **Securing funding:** They manage relationships with banks and investors, securing loans or raising capital
for new ventures or equipment upgrades.
* **Payroll and accounts payable/receivable:** They ensure timely payments to employees and suppliers,
while collecting payment from customers for the milk products sold.
•Marketing Department :
The marketing department is the voice of the milk manufacturing company, responsible for creating brand
awareness, driving sales, and fostering customer loyalty. Here are their key roles:

* **Market research:** They stay informed about consumer trends, competitor activity, and market demands
for dairy products. This helps them tailor marketing strategies for maximum impact.
* **Product development:** They work closely with other departments to develop new milk products or
improve existing ones based on market needs and preferences.
* **Brand building:** They craft a strong brand identity that resonates with target consumers. This involves
creating marketing campaigns, developing brand messaging, and managing the company’s public image.
* **Pricing strategy:** They help determine the optimal pricing for milk products, considering factors like
production costs, competitor pricing, and market value perception.
* **Distribution channels:** They manage relationships with retailers, distributors, and wholesalers to ensure
the company’s milk products reach their target audience through the most effective channels.
* **Promotions and advertising:** They develop and execute marketing campaigns across various channels like
traditional advertising, social media marketing, and public relations to generate interest and sales.
*
•Human Resource Department : The Human Resource (HR) department in a milk manufacturing company plays
a critical role in attracting, retaining, and developing a talented workforce. Here’s a breakdown of their key
functions:

* **Recruitment and onboarding:** HR sources qualified candidates for open positions, conducts interviews,
and facilitates a smooth onboarding process for new hires.
* **Training and development:** They design and deliver training programs to equip employees with the skills
and knowledge needed to perform their jobs effectively. This can include training on operating machinery,
maintaining food safety standards, or developing leadership skills.
* **Compensation and benefits:** HR establishes competitive salary and benefits packages to attract and retain
top talent. This might involve health insurance, retirement plans, vacation time, and performance-based
incentives.
* **Employee relations:** HR fosters a positive and productive work environment by handling employee
concerns, resolving conflicts, and ensuring compliance with labor laws and company policies.
* **Performance management:** They work with managers to establish performance goals, conduct
performance reviews, and provide ongoing feedback to help employees grow and develop in their roles.
* **Safety and health:** HR promotes a safe work environment by developing and implementing safety
protocols, ensuring proper training on handling equipment and hazardous materials, and responding to any
workplace accidents or injuries.
•Purchase Department : The purchase department in a milk manufacturing company acts as the gatekeeper for
acquiring the resources needed for production. Here are their key responsibilities:

* **Sourcing and supplier management:** They identify and research potential vendors for raw materials (like
milk itself!), packaging materials (cartons, bottles), cleaning supplies, maintenance parts, and any other goods
required for the smooth operation of the company. They negotiate contracts with suppliers to secure the best
prices and terms.
* **Quality control:** The purchase department works closely with quality control teams to ensure incoming
supplies meet the company’s standards. This might involve reviewing supplier certifications, requesting
samples, or conducting inspections upon delivery.
* **Inventory management:** They maintain optimal stock levels of necessary supplies to avoid production
disruptions due to shortages. They balance the need to have enough materials on hand with minimizing storage
costs and potential product spoilage.
* **Cost control:** The purchase department negotiates with suppliers to get the best possible prices and
manage overall procurement costs. They may also explore alternative suppliers or bulk purchasing options to
optimize spending.
* **Logistics and receiving:** They manage the logistics of getting supplies delivered to the company,
including coordinating with shipping companies and ensuring timely receipt of goods. They also oversee the
receiving process, verifying quantities and inspecting deliveries for damage or discrepancies.
* **Recordkeeping and reporting:** They maintain accurate records of all purchases, including costs,
quantities, and supplier information. They may also generate reports to track spending trends and identify
potential cost-saving opportunities.
•Sales Department : The sales department is the milk company’s revenue engine. They target the right
customers, build relationships, forecast demand, craft winning sales strategies, and ensure milk products reach
customers efficiently.
3.4 Portfolio/SBUs
3.5 Future Plans
The Janatha Charitable Society has ambitious plans for the future. They aim to expand their production and
marketing reach significantly. This includes widening their distribution area to reach new customers and
establish a stronger market presence. In addition to their core dairy products, they plan to diversify their
offerings by introducing new items like cheese, butter, and even ice cream. This product innovation will cater to
a wider range of consumer preferences and potentially increase their market share. By expanding their product
portfolio and market reach, Janatha Charitable Society is poised for exciting growth in the years to come.
4.FUNCTIONAL AREAS
4.1 OPERATIONS
Operations are the engine of a business, turning raw materials into finished products. In a dairy, operations take
raw milk and turn it into the
Needed dairy products.They handle everything from receiving the milk to packaging the final product, ensuring
everything is clean, safe, and delicious.
4.1.1 Organisational structure of the department
4.1.2 KRA of each profile in the department

The operations department in a milk manufacturing plant is responsible for turning raw milk into packaged
products ready for store shelves. Here's a breakdown of some key profiles within this department and their key
areas:

Milk Receiving and Processing:

 Dairy Processing Technician:

o Monitors milk intake for quality and quantity.
o Operates pasteurizers, separators, and other processing equipment.
o Ensures sanitation and hygiene throughout the process.
o Conducts basic quality control tests.

Production Line Operations:

 Production Line Operator:

o Operates filling machines, packaging equipment, and conveyors.
o Maintains consistent product flow and output.
o Monitors for jams or malfunctions on the line.
o Ensures proper labeling and coding on products.

Quality Control:

 Quality Control Technician:

o Performs chemical and microbiological tests on milk at various stages.
o Analyzes data to ensure product quality and safety.
o Maintains detailed records of testing procedures and results.
o Identifies and addresses any potential quality issues.

Other Important Roles:

 Maintenance Technician:
o Performs preventive maintenance on processing equipment.
o Troubleshoots and repairs equipment breakdowns.
 o Ensures equipment operates efficiently and safely.
 Inventory Control Specialist:
o Manages raw milk and packaging materials inventory.
o Coordinates deliveries and ensures stock availability for production.
o Tracks and minimizes waste.
4.1.3 Activities and Reports specific to this department

 Milk Sampling: Taking a small amount of milk from a delivery truck to test its quality (fat content,
temperature, presence of antibiotics) before accepting the entire load.

 Pasteurization: Heating milk to a specific temperature for a set time to kill harmful bacteria that can
cause spoilage or illness.

 Filling: Precisely transferring the processed milk into cartons, jugs, or other containers using automated
machines.

 Palletization: Arranging filled containers on pallets in a stable and efficient way for storage or
shipment, often done by robots or forklifts.

4.1.4 Plant Location

The Janatha Charitable Society’s milk manufacturing plant in Vellur, a locality close to Payyannur, Kerala. This
location likely offers them access to fresh milk from nearby dairy farms.
4.1.5 Technology and Production Process

Milk Receiving and Testing:

 Automated samplers: Collect milk samples for faster and more consistent testing.
 Milk Analyzers: These sophisticated machines can run multiple tests simultaneously, including:
o Milk composition analysis: Measures fat content, protein, lactose, and total solids content using
infrared spectroscopy or other methods.
o Adulteration detection: Analyzes for the presence of foreign substances like water, starch, or
urea, often using electrical conductivity meters.
o Antibiotic testing: Ensures the absence of antibiotics in the milk through rapid immunoassays.
o Alcohol detection: Rapid tests can identify milk contaminated with alcohol residues.
o Acidity testing: Measures the milk's pH level to ensure freshness and suitability for processing.
o Somatic cell count (SCC): Indirectly indicates cow udder health through automated cell
counting equipment.

Processing:

 Heat Exchangers: These computer-controlled systems precisely heat milk to the required temperature
for pasteurization (e.g., 72°C for 15 seconds) to eliminate harmful bacteria.
 Homogenizers: High-pressure pumps force milk through a narrow orifice, breaking down fat globules
and ensuring a uniform consistency throughout the milk.
  Balance Tank: Holds a temporary supply of processed milk to maintain a consistent flow to the filling
machines.
 Holding Tube: This sterile pipe holds the milk at a specific temperature for a designated time (e.g., 4°C
for 30 minutes) after pasteurization to ensure the effectiveness of the process.
4.2 FINANCE
4.2.1 Organizational structure of the department
4.2.2 KRA of each profile in the department

Financial Analyst:

 Accurate Financial Reporting: Prepare accurate and timely financial statements (income statement,
balance sheet, cash flow statement) that adhere to accounting standards.
 Budgeting and Forecasting: Develop and maintain accurate financial budgets and forecasts for the
company's operations, considering factors like milk prices, production costs, and sales projections.
 Cost Analysis: Analyze production and operational costs to identify areas for cost reduction and
improvement in profitability.
 Financial Risk Management: Identify and assess financial risks associated with raw material prices,
currency fluctuations, and market changes. Develop strategies to mitigate these risks.

Accounts Payable Specialist:

 Efficient Payment Processing: Process invoices from suppliers of raw milk, packaging materials, and
other goods and services in a timely and accurate manner.
 Maintaining Vendor Relationships: Maintain positive relationships with vendors by ensuring prompt
and accurate payments.
 Cash Flow Management: Manage the company's cash flow by optimizing payment schedules and
ensuring sufficient funds are available to meet obligations.

Accounts Receivable Specialist:

 Effective Collection of Payments: Collect payments from customers for milk products in a timely and
efficient manner, minimizing bad debt.
 Credit Risk Management: Assess creditworthiness of new customers and manage existing customer
credit limits to minimize the risk of non-payment.
 Reconciliation of Accounts: Regularly reconcile accounts receivable to ensure accuracy and identify
any discrepancies.

Financial Controller:

 Overall Financial Management: Oversee all aspects of the company's financial operations, including
budgeting, forecasting, cash flow management, and risk management.
 Financial Compliance: Ensure the company complies with all relevant financial regulations and
reporting requirements.
 Strategic Financial Planning: Develop and implement long-term financial strategies that support the
company's growth objectives.
  Management Reporting: Provide clear and insightful financial reports to management, enabling
informed decision-making.
4.2.3 Activities and Reports specific to this Department

 Financial Recording and Reporting: This is the foundation. They meticulously record all financial
transactions, including income from milk sales, expenses for raw materials (milk!), packaging, salaries,
and other operational costs. This data is then used to create crucial financial statements like the balance
sheet (company's net worth) and income statement (profitability).

 Budgeting and Forecasting: The finance department doesn't just look back; they look ahead too. They
create budgets, essentially financial roadmaps, that estimate future income and expenses based on
factors like milk production forecasts, market trends, and anticipated sales. This helps the company plan
resource allocation and make strategic decisions.

 Cash Flow Management: Cash is king, and the finance department ensures smooth cash flow. They
manage incoming revenue from milk sales and outgoing payments for everything from milk purchases
to employee salaries. This involves tasks like collecting payments from customers on time, scheduling
payments to vendors, and maintaining sufficient reserves to cover operational needs.

 Cost Analysis and Management: Every penny counts! The finance department dives deep into
production and operational costs to identify areas where the company can save money. They analyze
data on raw material usage, labor costs, and other expenses to pinpoint opportunities for cost reduction
and improve profitability.

 Financial Risk Management: The world of milk manufacturing isn't without risks. Fluctuations in milk
prices, changes in consumer preferences, and economic downturns can all impact the company's
finances. The finance department identifies and assesses these financial risks, and develops strategies to
mitigate them. This might involve hedging strategies for raw materials or implementing cost-cutting
measures in case of economic downturns.

 Financial Compliance: There are rules to the financial game. The finance department ensures the
company adheres to all relevant accounting standards and financial regulations. This involves tasks like
filing accurate tax returns, maintaining proper accounting records, and complying with industry-specific
regulations.

 Financial Planning and Analysis: Beyond day-to-day activities, the finance department plays a
strategic role. They analyze financial data and industry trends to develop long-term financial plans that
support the company's growth objectives. This could involve planning for expansion into new markets,
investing in new equipment, or launching new product lines.

 Management Reporting: Keeping everyone informed is crucial. The finance department prepares clear
and insightful reports that translate complex financial data into actionable information for management.
These reports help executives make informed decisions about production, marketing, investments, and
overall business strategy.

4.3 HRM
4.3.1 Organizational Structure of the Department
4.3.2 KRA of each profile in the Department

 HR Manager: Plans future workforce needs, recruits top talent, fosters a positive work environment,
and manages performance.

 Talent Acquisition Specialist: Finds qualified candidates, screens applicants, and integrates new hires.

 Compensation & Benefits Specialist: Designs competitive pay & benefits packages, administers
benefits programs, and ensures compliance.

 Training & Development Specialist: Identifies training needs, develops programs, delivers training,
and measures its effectiveness.

 HR Compliance Specialist: Stays updated on labor laws, ensures company adherence, and maintains
accurate employee records.

4.3.3 Activities and Reports specific to this Department

 ecruitment & Onboarding: They source qualified candidates (think cheesemakers, quality control
technicians!), screen resumes, conduct interviews, and onboard new hires to welcome them to the team.

 Performance Management: HR establishes performance goals, conducts reviews to provide feedback,

and helps employees grow in their roles.

 Compensation & Benefits: They design competitive salary and benefits packages (health insurance,
retirement plans) to attract and retain talent.

 Training & Development: HR identifies skill gaps and develops training programs to keep employees
up-to-date on the latest technologies and best practices in milk manufacturing.

 Employee Relations: They foster a positive work environment by addressing employee concerns,
managing conflicts, and promoting open communication.

 Compliance: HR ensures the company adheres to all labor laws and regulations, keeping them on the
right side of legal matters.

 Recordkeeping: They maintain accurate and complete employee records, including payroll information,
performance reviews, and benefits enrollment.

 Workforce Planning: HR looks ahead, anticipating future talent needs based on production demands
and market trends. This helps ensure they have the right people in place to keep the milk flowing.

4.3.4 Human Resource Planning : The methodology adopted in the Organization

Workforce Analysis:

 Analyze current employee base (skills, experience, upcoming retirements).

  Assess current & future production plans (expansion, new products?).

Forecasting Talent Needs:

 Project future needs based on analysis (quantity & quality of employees).

 Identify specific roles required (processing technicians, quality control, etc.).

Developing HR Strategies:

 Recruitment: Identify best channels to attract qualified candidates (local platforms, vocational schools,
employee referrals).
 Training & Development: Invest in training to fill skill gaps or prepare for promotions (internal
programs, external providers).
 Retention Strategies: Offer competitive compensation & benefits, along with engagement programs
(recognition, professional development).

Additional Considerations:

 Cross-training: Encourage multi-skilling for flexibility and staff absence coverage.

 Succession Planning: Develop high-potential employees for future leadership roles.
 Technology: Explore cost-effective HR technologies (applicant tracking, online training).
4.3.5 Recruitment – Sources of manpower supply

There are two types of sources to recruit employees in Janatha Charitable Society.
 Internally: Promote from within and leverage employee networks.
 Externally:
o Go local: Advertise on community job boards and partner with agricultural schools.
o Target industry: Utilize dairy association resources and industry publications.
4.3.6 Employee Welfare and Empowerment

Employee welfare and empowerment are crucial for any company, including a milk producing charity like
Janatha Charitable Society. Here are some key strategies they can implement:

 Fair Wages & Benefits: Offer competitive salaries, healthcare benefits, and paid time off to ensure
employee well-being and financial security.

 Safe Work Environment: Implement safety protocols, provide proper training on handling equipment
and animals, and prioritize accident prevention.

4.4 MARKETING

4.4.1 Organizational Structure of the Department

4.4.2 Activities and Reports specific to this Department

Product Marketing: Develop marketing campaigns for existing and new milk products, highlighting their
benefits and targeting the right audience.
Social Media Management: Actively manage social media platforms to connect with consumers, respond to
inquiries, and build brand loyalty

Market Research: Conduct market research to understand consumer preferences, competitor activity, and
industry trends.

Analytics & Reporting: Track the performance of marketing campaigns and analyze data to measure success
and identify areas for improvement.

4.4.3 Product Mix

4.4.4 Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning

4.4.5 Major Competitors

Janatha Charitable Society operates within a landscape of established dairy processors like Milma and
Cheruthazham Milk. While not direct competitors in the traditional sense, these for-profit entities represent
alternative sources for dairy products in the region.

4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning framework used to evaluate a company's Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats. It helps organizations identify internal and external factors that can impact their
success.

By analyzing these four elements, companies can:

 Develop strategic plans: Understanding strengths and weaknesses helps leverage the former and
address the latter. Identifying opportunities and threats allows companies to capitalize on favorable
conditions and mitigate potential risks.
 Make informed decisions: SWOT analysis provides a comprehensive picture of a company's situation,
enabling more informed choices about resource allocation, investment, marketing strategies, and overall
business direction.
 Identify areas for improvement: By recognizing weaknesses, companies can prioritize areas for
improvement and development.
 Stay competitive: Regular SWOT analysis helps companies stay aware of external trends and adjust
their strategies accordingly to maintain a competitive edge.

STRENGTHS

Strengths in a SWOT analysis are the internal qualities that give an organization a leg up. These could be a
highly skilled team, a strong reputation, or efficient operations. By understanding their strengths, organizations
can leverage these advantages to achieve their goals, outperform competitors, and ultimately achieve lasting
success.

Strengths of Janatha Charitable Society:

  High Availability of Resources: (Changed "is high" to a more concise phrasing)
 Strong Community Relationships: (Replaced "Purchasing power of consumers is increasing" with a
relevant strength)
 Essential Goods Provided: (Replaced "They deal in essential goods" with a more active phrasing)
 Expertise in Social Welfare: (Replaced "Financial stability of people is improving" with a relevant
strength)
 Growing Market Demand: (Replaced "Increasing market demand for milk and milk products" with a
focus on JCS's benefit from the demand)

WEAKNESS Weaknesses in a SWOT analysis are the internal limitations that hinder an organization's
performance. These might be a lack of resources, outdated technology, or high operating costs. Identifying
weaknesses allows an organization to address them, improve efficiency, and ultimately become more
competitive.
WEAKNESS
Increasing Competition: might lack the resources or marketing expertise to compete effectively with a growing
number of new producers.
Diseases in Cattle.
Oppurtunities
Opportunities in a SWOT analysis represent favorable external conditions that an organization can exploit to
achieve its goals. These might be new partnerships, emerging markets, or changes in government regulations.
By identifying opportunities, organizations can expand their reach, attract new resources, and ultimately achieve
greater impact.
OPPURTUNITIES OF JANATHA CHARITABLE SOCIETY
There is demand for dairy products in townships, colonies, villas and apartments.
Increases export potential for indigenous milk products.
Threats
Threats in a SWOT analysis are external factors that can potentially harm an organization's performance. These
might be economic downturns, new regulations, or technological disruptions. By recognizing threats early on,
organizations can develop contingency plans, adapt their strategies, and mitigate potential damage to their
success.
THREATS OF JANATHA CHARITABLE SOCIETY
FMD diseases are increasing.
Large competitions.
Farmers switching on to other jobs.
5 CONCLUSION
Janatha Charitable Society's well-managed operations, evident in their departmental expertise and employee
welfare programs, solidify their position as a leading organization. Their commitment to social responsibility,
demonstrated through past and planned CSR initiatives, further underscores their positive impact on the
Malabar region.