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Chemistry Microproject

The document discusses different types of polymers including their classification based on source, structure, synthesis, and monomers. It covers natural and synthetic polymers and describes linear, branched, and network polymers. Examples of addition and condensation polymers are provided along with common uses of polymers like polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride.

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Vivek Ingole
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22 views8 pages

Chemistry Microproject

The document discusses different types of polymers including their classification based on source, structure, synthesis, and monomers. It covers natural and synthetic polymers and describes linear, branched, and network polymers. Examples of addition and condensation polymers are provided along with common uses of polymers like polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride.

Uploaded by

Vivek Ingole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PART A

INTRODUCTION

Aim of Micro Project: - Preapre report on polymer

PREAPRE REPORT ON POLYMER

1. The chemistry project report on “polymers” and all information about modern
chemical industry ,

2. Simple organic molecule ,macromolecules,polymerization,natural


polymer,branched chain polymer

3. Three dimensional network polymer, addition polymer,condensation polymers


etc
4. Plastic is material ,which has capacity to get deformed or change the shape
under pressure .i.e
5. It posses the property of plasticity .
6. A word plastic has been obtained from greek word ‘plastikos’ which means fit
for moulding
PART B
Prepare report on polymer

 A common person rubber means the material use in types ,plastic means
material used in manufacture of electrical equipment .this is quiet but the
scientist and chemists thinkas perform
 Investigation about it and its modified from is useful society.
 Simple organic molecule contain 30-40 units of carbon atam .natural rubber has
molecular mass of about 22000units molecular mass of starch is 40000 units
and higher .
 In the 1920’s a german chemist herman Staudinger (1882-1965) introduced the
new tern-
 Macromolecule of giant molecules .he also devised his own experiments to find
out the molecular mass of polymers .for this valuable work,he was awarded
noble prize for 1953
 Macromolecules ,both natural and man-made own their great size
 To the fact that they are polymers (greek-many parts ); that is

 Each one is made up of great many simpler units –indentical to each


 Other or at least chemically polymerization . the joining together of many small
molecules to form very large molecules .the simple compound from which
polymers are made are called monomers .
 Classification of polymers

 Classification based upon sources .


 Classification based upon structure.
 Classification based upon synthesis.
 Classification on the bases of monomers.
 Classification of polymers based upon sources:

 Depending on the source the polymers are classified in two classes:

o Natural polymers.
o Synthetic polymers.

 Natural polymers:

The polymers obtained from nature .i.e.from plants and animals are called natural
polymers.this includes starch cellulose proteins,nuclieic acids and natural rubbers.

 Synthetic polymers:
The plymer synthesized by man in the laboratory are called synthetic polymers .these
are long –chain organic ,molecules containing thousands of monogec units some of
these pplythene ,polysters ,pvc Teflon, nylon bakelite and decron.

o Classification baased upon structure :

On the bases of structure polymers are divide into three types:


1.
Linesar polymers:

In these polymers ,the monomers are joined together o form long straight chains of
polymers molecules. Some important example of polymers are bigh density polythene
,nylon ,polysters etc.

2.
Branched chain polymers :
In these polymers ,the monomer units not only combine to produce the linear chain but
also form branches along the main chain .
For example:low density polythene ,glycogen , etc .
Are the branched chain polymers.

3.
Three dimensional network polymers:

In these polyemers the initially formed linear polymer chains are joined to form three
dimensional network structure.
- Polymers that are “trifunctional”instead of bifunctional
- There are three points on the mer that can react
- This leads to three dimensional connectivity of the polymer backbone
 Highly crosslinked polymers can also be classified as network polymers
 Example: epoxies,phenol-formaldehyde polymers

o Classification based on synthesis:

 Addition polymers.
 Condensational polymers.

1. Additional polymerization and additional polymers:


When the monomer molecule are joined together to form long chain without the
elimination of any by product the product form is called an additional polymer and the
process involved is called addition polymerization .
1. Condensation polymers:
a) Formation of nylon 6:6

A large number of monomer molecule combined together usually with the losss of
simple molecule like water ,ammonia and CO2 etc.
In which formula of repeating structural unit is not same as that of monomer .e.g nylon
66, bakelite etc.
o Classification on the bases of monomers:

a) Homopolymer
b) Copolymer

Homopolymer: whenever polymer consist of all indentical monomers are known as


homopolymers.

…………M-M-M-M-M-M-M……………
HOMOPOLYMER
e.g polythelyene,polystyrene.

Copolymers
:whenever polymer consist of monomers of different chemical structure
are known as copolymers.
-M1-M2 –M1-M2-M1-M2………….
e.g styrenebutadiene rubber.

 Uses of polymers:

 Here we will list some of the important uses of polymers in our


everyday llife:

 Polypropene finds uses in a broad range of industries such as


textiles,packaging,stationery,platics,aircraft,construction,rope ,toys,etc
 Polystyrene is one of the most common plastic ,actively used in the packaging
industry. Botteles ,toys,,containers,trays,disposable glasses and plates, tv
cabinets,and lids are some of the daily use products made up of polystyrene .it
is also used an insulator.
 The most important use of polyvinyl chloride is the manufacture of sewage
pipes .it is also used as an insulator in then electric cable.
 Bakelite is used for making electrical switches,kitchen products, toys,
jewellery,firearms,insulator ,computer discs,etc.

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