The document outlines the key elements and steps for writing academic papers, including defining different types of writing like essays, reports, and dissertations. It also provides guidance on formatting requirements, writing steps such as understanding titles, finding key points, paraphrasing, summarizing, and referencing. The document aims to teach students the proper way to write different types of academic works.
The document outlines the key elements and steps for writing academic papers, including defining different types of writing like essays, reports, and dissertations. It also provides guidance on formatting requirements, writing steps such as understanding titles, finding key points, paraphrasing, summarizing, and referencing. The document aims to teach students the proper way to write different types of academic works.
The document outlines the key elements and steps for writing academic papers, including defining different types of writing like essays, reports, and dissertations. It also provides guidance on formatting requirements, writing steps such as understanding titles, finding key points, paraphrasing, summarizing, and referencing. The document aims to teach students the proper way to write different types of academic works.
The document outlines the key elements and steps for writing academic papers, including defining different types of writing like essays, reports, and dissertations. It also provides guidance on formatting requirements, writing steps such as understanding titles, finding key points, paraphrasing, summarizing, and referencing. The document aims to teach students the proper way to write different types of academic works.
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LESSON 2: ELEMENTS OF WRITING
I. TYPES 1. Notes - C. A written record of the main points of a text or lecture, for a student's personal use. 2. Report - F. The most common type of written work, with the title given by the teacher, normally 1000-5000 words. 3. Project - E. A description of something a student has done e.g. conducting a survey. 4. Essay - A. A piece of research, either individual or group work, with the topic chosen by the students). 5. Dissertation/Thesis - B. The longest piece of writing normally done by a student (20000+ words) often for a higher degree, on a topic chosen by a student. 6. Paper - D. A general term for any academic essay, report, presentation or article. II. FORMAT 1. Short essays - Introduction - Main body - Conclusion - References 2. Longer essays - Introduction - main body - literature review - case study - discussion: personal idea - conclusion - references - appendices 3. Reports/Dissertations and journal articles - Abstract (Include: background, objectives, search method, selection criteria, data analysis, main results, conclusion -> chỉ cần đọc abstract sẽ nắm được nội dung cả bài), List of contents, list of tables - Introduction - Main body - literature review - case study - findings: trích nhữ ng thứ reseacrh đượ c - discussion - Conclusion - Acknowledgment: lờ i cả m ơn - references, - appendices III. WRITING STEPS 1. Understanding titles and brainstorming 2. Finding key points and note-making 3. Paraphrasing 4. Summarizing 5. References and quotations 6. Combining sources 7. Organizing paragraphs 8. Introductions and conclusions 9. Re-writing and proofreading (as much as possible)
a. Step 1: Understand the title
Eg: Media effects on society: How mass media influence our culture and society?
- Understand - Brainstorm the topic Where: books, newspapers, journal articles, market report (nielsen, q&me, kantar worldpanel vn, mordor intelligence, mintel, big 4: pwc, e&y,…) - Prepare an outline
b. Step 2: Finding key points and note-making
- Searching for key words - Using skim - Make notes on relevant points Lưu ý: Copy và o words + trích nguồn c. Step 3: Paraphrasing - Change the structure - Change the vocabulary - Keep the same meaning - Keep common phrases/key term
Eg: There has been much debate about the reasons for the industrial revolution happening in eighteenth century Britain, rather than in France or Germany
In, more controversial opinions about the reasons for the eighteenth-century industrial revolution have been raised in Britain, rather than in France or Germany.
Case study: file:///C:/Users/Lenovo/Documents/Zalo%20Received%20Files/Bui
%20Thuy%20Duong%20Dissertation.pdf
Literature review:
- Giả i thích keywords
- Mqh giữ a cá c keywords/ Trướ c đây đã có ai nghiên cứ u chưa? - Foundation cho cá c lậ p luậ n về sau (có thể là m sau khi tìm ra findings) Notes: - Literature review là dù ng ngô n ngữ củ a ngườ i khá c -> Trích nguồ n mọ i câ u
Gender stereotypes in TV commercials
- Gender stereotypes Gender stereotypes have both descriptive and prescriptive properties (Burgess & Borgida, 1999; Eagly & Karau, 2002; Heilman, 2001). Descriptive gender stereotypes designate what women and men are like. Prescriptive gender stereotypes designate what women and men should be like.1 (Heilman, 2012) Prescriptive stereotypes establish normative expectations for men’s and women’s behavior, resulting in the devaluation and derogation of women who directly or indirectly violate gender norms (Heilman, 2001; Heilman & Parks-Stamm, 2007).
Heilman, Madeline E. "Gender stereotypes and workplace bias." Research in organizational
Works Cited Heilman, M. E., 2012. Gender stereotypes and workplace bias.". Research in organizational Behavior, Volume 32, pp. 113-135.
d. Step 5: (a) Summary: Author’s surname, year odd publications
Hoffman (2009) stresses the critical importance of mobile phones in the developing world in the growth of small business.
(b) Quotation: Author’s surname, year odd publications, page no
According to Hoffman, mobile phone ownership compensates for the weaknesses of
infrastructure in the developing world: "In the poorest countries, with weak transport networks and unreliable postal services, access to telecommunications is a vital tool for starting or developing a business, since it provides access to wider markers"
(2009:87)
Eg: in-text citations
Note: hạ n chế dù ng quotation Reference list - Tên: Họ ,chữ cá i đầ u.chữ cá i đầ u
Eg: Vu,T.U.
- “ Tên 1,Tên 2 & Tên 3 (year). “
- “Et al.” : viết tắ t cho tấ t cả nhữ ng ngườ i cò n lạ i (khi có nhiều hơn 1 ngườ i) - Tên bà i bá o viết thẳ ng, tên tờ bá o viết nghiêng e. Step 8: Introductions and conclusions Introductions - Definition of key terms (optional) – trong bài dài - Relevant background information (1-2 câ u cho essay) - Purpose or aim of the paper - Give recommendations - Cò n 1 đố ng Conclusion - Summarize main ideas
Literature rv (300-500 words) – 21/5
- Define keyword - The relationship between keywords - a
