WATER ABSORBING ROADS (WAR): A NEW

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR ROADS IN

INDIA
Navneet Kumar1, Ramanand Kamait2, Rajiv Kumar Yadav3, Rohit Kumar Sah4, Shuvam Yadav5, Sudisht Kumar Singh6

Department of Civil Engineering Phonics Group Of Institutions Roorkee, Uttarakhand

ABSTRACT
Roads in our country are essential since they offer the finest method of mobility for everybody and are largely
used by common people. The efficiency of a country's transportation infrastructure is essential to its development
because it makes it easier for people and products to move around. a collection of interconnected economic
development initiatives. Distribution and product production satisfy human wants. There is access to ports,
airports, and docks. the locations of train stations, another mode of transportation. Other modes of transportation
are unable to provide door-to-door service. India's total road length, including rural lanes, is 5,532,482 km. The
road is constructed of WBM and concrete and is of the standard kind perhaps a paved road can conserve a
significant amount of water if we replace these roads with water-absorbent roads (WAR). Regular city roadways
frequently have flooding issues as a result of their top layer of impermeable pavement. Rather than permeating
the soil and causing drainage, more precipitation in metropolitan areas ends up falling on impermeable surfaces
like parking lots, roadways, walkways, and streets. Due to the imbalance this causes in the ecosystem, rain falling
on pavement surfaces can pick up everything from oil and grease spills to de-icing salts and chemical fertilizers,
which can then cause erosion, floods, the depletion of groundwater supplies, and river contamination.

Key Word: Bituminous roads, impermeable surfaces, and water-absorbing roads (WAR)

rainfall, etc.

1. INTRODUCTION
We are all aware that as the world's population grows, substantial road networks are required. In recent ages, as
readily accessible natural resources have grown noticeably more scarce, the structure has utilized increasingly
recycled materials. Waste has been found to be present in a number of flexible pavement layers, including the
porous asphalt top layer. Because it allows rain to move and enter the top layer of the pavement to store a layer
underneath it, several waste materials recommend porous pavement for stormwater drainage systems. It ultimately
penetrates the subsurface. Permeable pavement is good for the environment since it reduces runoff. to enhance
the stormwater quality and replenish the groundwater supplies with cool water on hot days. The increase in the
void ratio causes water to permeate the surface, where it can enter and evaporate. nonetheless, conventional
surfaces won't. The hydrological cycle is now actively aided by the porous pavement surface. The groundwater
that seeps back through the earth is represented by rainfall. This paving method enables more efficient use of the
land by eliminating the need for retention ponds and other stormwater control devices. The early concrete may be
able to reduce the project's overall first-cost costs in this way. The prior concrete's water content was carefully
regulated while cementation material was employed to make a paste that thickly covered the aggregate particles.
There is a significant amount of open space in a previous concrete mixture since it includes little or no sand. We
made every effort to find a solution, despite the challenges and inconveniences of building a road without bitumen.
Since so little bitumen was utilized, working with the porous asphalt proved challenging. Our concern is that using
bitumen would result in poor road drainage and increased costs. We must develop a new attitude if we want to
reduce the cost of roads. Although this concept is trying to do the unthinkable, it is guaranteed that it will
eventually succeed. We need to work on this as engineers. A good drainage system will go hand in hand with roads
that use significantly less bitumen.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A) The evolution of a pavement's state or capabilities through time is a general definition of pavement
performance. It might also be a measure of a pavement's ability to withstand anticipated traffic and adhere
to environmental standards for the duration of its intended life. India, where commercial and development
 activities have increased, has experienced an increase in traffic over the past three decades, placing an undue
burden on the nation's road systems. Pavements perform poorly when additional pressures come into
existence. A structural collapse happens if the pavements are unable to hold the anticipated loads sufficiently.
The pavement is of the utilitarian variety if it does not provide a smooth riding surface. The uneven surface
increases vehicle operating expenses (VOC), which impacts the cost of transportation in general in addition
to being uncomfortable. This chapter gives a broad overview of the importance of pavement performance
evaluation, different types of models, how performance models are used in different countries' Pavement
Management Systems, and the research studies that have been done so far.

B) The tire is an advanced, high-tech safety product that has seen continual industrial improvement for more
than a century. From a material perspective, the tire is made up of three main components: steel, fabric, and
elastomeric compound. Rubber makes up the tread, sidewall, apexes, liner, and shoulder wedge, with fabric
and steel acting as the tire's "flesh" and "skeleton," respectively. This engineering process is necessary to
transform natural rubber into a product that can guarantee performance, durability, and safety. Natural rubber
is extremely brittle at low temperatures and highly malleable at high temperatures by nature. In this state, it
cannot be used to produce things with a great degree of flexibility. Rubber's chemical composition, which is
made up of long polymer chains, accounts for its inelastic deformation. These polymer chains can move
apart from one another and change shape as a result. During the vulcanization process, cross-links are made
between the polymer chains, preventing the chains from moving independently. As a result, vulcanized
rubber will deform when put under tension; nevertheless, once the force is removed, the rubber product will
revert to its original shape. Rubber's physical properties are enhanced by compounding, which involves
combining the ingredients and support elements needed for vulcanization. Additionally, it enables the
product's hardness and modulus to be modified to meet certain needs. Depending on the different tyre
compositions, other components can be added, such as mineral oil and strengthening fillers like carbon black
and silica. Truck TR frequently has larger levels of natural rubber than TR from vehicles. the common type
of tire used in trucks and cars in the EU.

C) Porous asphalt pavements are frequently appropriate for parking lots and low-traffic roadways. Additionally,
driveways, shoulders, bike lanes, and pedestrian walkways may all be constructed out of porous asphalt
(Hein et al. 2013). Motorways, city streets, and residential streets have all successfully used porous asphalt
pavements. Porous asphalt pavements can be installed wholly or in part using conventional impermeable
asphalt.

D) When impermeable pavements and porous asphalt are placed adjacent to building roofs, the excess runoff
created can be effectively controlled and treated.

E) Porous asphalt pavements are a different option to conventional asphalt pavement designs in that they permit
fluids to readily move through them, lowering or limiting the quantity of runoff from the surrounding region.
This payment type serves as a further method of stormwater management, accounting for groundwater
recharge and enhancing groundwater quality, by allowing precipitation and runoff to pass through the
structure. Stormwater management techniques that increase skid resistance could reduce noise while
minimizing spray for both pedestrians and vehicles.

3. TESTING METHODS

The fresh mortar's hardness, water-retentiveness, and compressive strength as well as rutting resistances,
moisture susceptibility low-temperature bending resistance, surface slip resistance, and cooling effect
At least three replica specimens of the asphalt concrete were tested.
1) To research porous pavement.
2) Porous pavement planning and development.
3) Porous Asphalt is taken into account in terms of the environment.
4) Construction of permeable pavement.

4. ENVIRONMENT BENEFITS
1. Decrease stormwater discharge from the surface

2. Runoff is reduced or eliminated with pervious concrete pavement, and runoff water can be treated
naturally.

3. By catching rain and allowing it to enter, the water table level, aquifer recharge, and groundwater are
all raised.
4. Concrete that is permeable is a lightweight paving material.

5. Effective use of waste materials, including fly ash, makes this method more environmentally friendly.

6. Tree protection in a paved area is best achieved with previous concrete pavement.

7. Concrete surfaces can increase safety during rain, even though previous concrete is not usually used
for high-traffic pavements.

5. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

5.1 Advantages Durable

Permeable pavement is usually even more resilient than concrete or asphalt surfaces once it has been
installed. Wheel loaders, backhoes, forklifts, dump trucks, and 18-wheelers can all fit in there without any
issues.

Sustainable
The permeable pavement grids' environmentally friendly recycled materials reduce waste creation in the
system and the energy required to get fresh resources. At the end of their useful life, they are easily
recyclable, which further reduces their carbon footprint.

Eliminates Costly Drainage Systems

If the parking space has a standard asphalt or concrete surface, it has to be capped and provided with a
system of storm drains and pipes to manage water during rain or flooding situations. If the drainage system
is connected to a municipal wastewater system, additional taxes and authorizations may be necessary,
which might dramatically raise the cost of construction. Any accumulated water has the potential to seep
into the ground and onto roads that absorb water. Floods are reduced as a result, and any nearby aquifers
can naturally rehydrate.

Low Cost
Concrete and asphalt installation might be expensive and time-consuming. Permeable pavement has
substantially reduced labor effort and cost per square foot. Since the paving grids are regional, it is possible
to obtain the fill materials through transportation for a lower cost. and shipping costs are kept to a minimum
because they are made of lightweight plastic.

5.2 Limitations
•It should only be used in areas with heavy vehicle traffic; specialized construction methods are required.

• The lack of standard testing practices.

• Void clogging, which interferes with pavement performance.

• Extra caution may be required if groundwater levels are high.

6. MAINTENANCE

The majority of older concrete pavements require little to no upkeep to remain functional.
The upper 1" to 1" and a half of the void structure, however, may get clogged with debris and residue
 after several water cycles. In order to partly restore permeability, maintenance of pervious concrete
pavement mostly entails removing this waste and residue from the void structure.

6.1. Routine Maintenance

All porous surfaces must be kept clean to keep them breathable and functional. Surface restoration or
replacement is less effective than straightforward planning and regular upkeep. Surfaces should be
vacuumed at least twice a year. More could be necessary depending on the local conditions. It is
recommended to use regenerative air vacuum cleaning equipment that has been well maintained.
Operators must be familiar with both porous surfaces and machinery.

6.2. Rehabilitation, Repairs, and Replacement

Small blocking zones may be rectified by using water pressure and a focused vacuum. If in-situ
rehabilitation is unsuccessful, the StormCrete unit could be taken out and given further therapy.
techniques (soaking, providing pressure from below with air or water, and soft vibrations like percussion).
In the case of a significant blockage, damage, or spill, the unit may be removed. and replaced in nearly
any situation at any time of the year.

6.3. Winter Maintenance

In the winter, de-icers should only be used infrequently. Considering that their water travels as
quickly and easily as it does on normal impermeable pavements, In cycles, pavements freeze and
thaw.

CONCLUSION

1) The high linear correlation of the values of porous asphalt leads this study to the conclusion that the project
is precise and accurate.

2) Practice-relevant design, upkeep, and water quality management components for porous and permeable
pavement systems. The three primary pollutants that were the main objectives were heavy metals,
hydrocarbons, and nutrients.

(3) Recent developments were highlighted and explained, and their potential for further research was
suggested. The development of a combined geothermal heating and cooling water treatment and recycling
payment system is encouraging work on the self-sustainability premise in covering four.

4) The resilient modulus of unbound materials is a crucial characteristic employed in pavement design. As a
result of the presence of asphalt, recycled materials such as RAP may display special characteristics. The
resilience modulus of the base materials is examined in this study in relation to RAP %. For testing the
permeability of specimens using RAP as the foundation material, a constant head permanent was chosen.

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