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1st Two Sutras

The document discusses two techniques - Ekadhikena Purvena and Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah - from Vedic mathematics. Ekadhikena Purvena provides a method for simplifying long division problems involving numbers ending in 9. Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah is a technique for subtracting a number from the nearest power of 10 to simplify multiplication and division.

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Ananya Gupta
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15 views9 pages

1st Two Sutras

The document discusses two techniques - Ekadhikena Purvena and Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah - from Vedic mathematics. Ekadhikena Purvena provides a method for simplifying long division problems involving numbers ending in 9. Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah is a technique for subtracting a number from the nearest power of 10 to simplify multiplication and division.

Uploaded by

Ananya Gupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ekadhikena Purvena- एकाधिकेना पूर्वेण

(One More than the Previous One):


Division Using Ekadhikena Purvena:
Division by numbers ending with 9, such as 19, 29, 39,
etc., can be laborious and prone to errors using
conventional methods, especially when dealing with
prime numbers that cannot be easily factorized. Vedic
Mathematics offers a solution through the application of
the Ekadhikena Purvena sutra, meaning "By one more
than the previous one."

Method 1:
Consider the division 1/19. Using Ekadhikena Purvena:
1. Select a Base:
- The ending digit is 9, so the base is the number before
9, which is 1.
2. Determine x:
-Apply Ekadhikena Purvena to get
x = previous one + 1 = 2.
3. Perform Multiplications:
- Multiply the base (1) by x (2) to get the first term: 2
(carry 1 to the next term).
- Continue multiplying with x for (divisor - 1)/2 times. In
this case, (19 - 1)/2 = 9 times.
Result : 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1

4. Write the Complement:


- Write the complement of 9 from the last number
onwards (divisor - 1)/2 times.
Result : 0 5 2 6 3 1 5 7 8 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1

5. Final Answer:
- Prefix 0. to get the accurate final answer: 1/19 =
0.052631578947368421.
Example:
For 1/29, the process is similar: 1/29 =
0.0344827586206896551724137931. (29-1=28 terms)

The same method can be applied to find 1/7, 1/13, etc.


For 1/7, 1/7 = 7 x 1/49= 0.142857, and for 1/13,
1/13 = 3 x 1/39=0.076923.

This technique not only simplifies the division process


but also provides a more accurate result compared to
conventional methods. With practice, these divisions can
be performed rapidly.
Multiplication Using Ekadhikena Purvena:
Ekadhikena Purvena can also be utilized for
multiplication. For instance this method involves
multiplying two numbers AB and AC where B+C=10 as AB x
AC=(Ax(A+1))(BxC). This method is versatile and applicable to

numbers with any number of digits.

Consider 44 × 46. Using Ekadhikena Purvena: 44 x 46 = (4


x (4 + 1)) x (4 x 6) = (4 x 5) x (4 x 6) = 2024
Similarly, 37 x 33can be calculated as (3 x (3 + 1)) x (7 x 3)
= 1221.

Another method, known as Cross Multiplication, involves


multiplying two numbers AB and CD as (A x C) x ((A x D) +
(B x C)) x (B x D). This method is versatile and applicable
to numbers with any number of digits.

In summary, Ekadhikena Purvena offers a versatile


approach not only for division but also for multiplication,
making it a powerful tool in Vedic Mathematics.
Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah- धनखिलं
नर्वतश्चरमं दशतः(All from 9 and the Last from 10):
The Nikhilam Sutra in Vedic Mathematics is a technique
for subtracting a number from the nearest power of 10,
like 10, 100, or 1000. This power of 10 is called the
"Base." The process involves subtracting the last digit
from 10 and the remaining digits from 9, resulting in a
value termed "Nikhilam." Nikhilam can be positive or
negative, indicating whether the given number is greater
or lesser than the base.

This sutra serves as a shortcut for multiplication and


division, especially when dealing with numbers close to
powers of 10. In multiplication, it facilitates a quick
approach by subtracting the last digit from 10 and the
others from 9. The Nikhilam Sutra exemplifies the
efficiency of Vedic Mathematics, promoting mental
calculations and simplifying mathematical operations.
To apply the "Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah"
sutra for multiplication:

1. Choose a base number close to the numbers you


want to multiply, often a power of 10.
2. Subtract each digit from the base number, adjusting
if the digit is greater.
3. Perform cross subtraction of left numbers and
multiply the right numbers.
4. Write down the results as the left and right parts.
5. Combine the left and right parts for the final answer.

Applying "Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah" Sutra


for Multiplication:

1. Choose a Base Number:


- Identify a base number close to the numbers you want
to multiply. Typically, a power of 10 or a multiple of 10 is
chosen for simplicity. In this example, let's choose 100 as
the base.
2. Subtract Digits from the Base:
- Subtract each digit of the numbers from the chosen
base. If a digit is greater than the base, subtract it from
the next higher multiple of the base. This step involves
adjusting the values to make the calculations simpler.
- For 96: 100 - 96 = -4
- For 98: 100 - 98 = -2

3. Cross Subtraction of Left Numbers:


- Arrange the numbers vertically and perform cross
subtraction of left numbers. This involves subtracting the
digits from each other as shown below:
Left Right
96 -2
98 -4
_________
94
4. Multiplication of the Right Numbers:
- Multiply the right side numbers, considering the result
as a two-digit number. In this case, (-4) x (-2) = 8, so we
write 08.

5. Combine Left and Right Numbers:


- Write down the result obtained in Step 3 (cross
subtraction) as the left part of the answer and the result
from Step 4 (right side multiplication) as the right part.
- Left: 94
- Right: 08

6. Final Answer:
- Combine the left and right parts to get the final
answer.
- Combining, we get 9408.

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