Business Management and Strategy

ISSN 2157-6068
2024, Vol. 15, No. 1

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Accounting

Profession: A Concept Paper
Nurul Afza Khusaini Mat Hussin, Nurul Ain Nadiah Mohd Bukhari, Nurul Hani Azyyati
Nor Hashim, Sharina Nur Azyyati Shaipul Bahari, Mazurina Mohd Ali (Corresponding
author)

Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak

Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: mazurina@uitm.edu.my

Received: August 17, 2023 Accepted: January 3, 2024 Published: January 14, 2024

doi:10.5296/bms.v15i1.21620 URL: https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v15i1.21620

Abstract

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the accounting profession. It
systematically investigates the impacts in which AI technologies have reformed the
accounting field, redefining the roles and responsibilities of accountants. Using literature
review, this study sheds light on the impact of AI on the accounting profession. The results of
this study mostly found that the impact of AI on accounting profession can be divided into
three themes; (i) automation of routine tasks; (ii) enhanced data analysis and (iii) value-added
of the professional roles. The automation of routine tasks includes data entry, validation and
transaction processing, while for enhanced data analysis, it includes predictive analytics and
decision support. AI also has impacted in terms of value-added of the professional roles
which comprise of increasing scalability and cost savings and focus on higher value activities.
The findings of this study suggest that the accounting profession is evolving in response to AI
technology, and accountants should embrace these changes to harness the full potential of AI
in their work.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, automation, productivity, scalability, fraud, data analytics

1. Introduction

The routines used by accountants in their work are evolving as the technology growth
(Moll & Yigitbasioglu, 2019). This growth will have a big impact globally, especially on
human beings in their personal and working life. It is more apparent as the amount of new
technological innovations are rising (Sherif & Mohsin, 2021). Among the growth of
technology is artificial intelligence (AI) which is notably significant (Battina, 2018). AI is
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capable of imitating human thinking such as decision-making and communication, in

which it is prepared to play a crucial role in the future (Zhang et al., 2023; Grosu et al.,
2023; 2019). In the accounting profession, AI is competent in replacing employees
repetitive daily work (Moll & Yigitbasioglu, 2019; Pauceanu et al., 2020).

With the advancement of the digital landscape, there is a widespread concern that AI could
leave traditional jobs outdated (Rawashdeh, 2023; Sherif & Mohsin, 2021). This concern
is predominantly rampant among those ambitious to become accountants, as they believe
their profession will be overshadowed by rapid technological and software developments
(Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023). However, this belief is misguided as the reality is quite the
opposite, in which the demand for skilled and knowledgeable accountants is at an all-time
high, despite the revolutionary changes brought about by advanced technology (Zhang et
al., 2023; Handoko et al., 2019). There are still a lot of professional accountants who work
for overseas firms, especially those trained by the big companies. The job of accountants
is still significant because they will be asked to look at the "bigger picture" by giving
financial advice, figuring out their clients' financial situations, and putting more emphasis
on things like analytics.

Currently, accounting professionals are not only validating figures and maintaining
records (Han et al., 2023). Indirectly, they are more about helping present firms in
optimizing their financial assets. As technology becomes better, new challenges are going
to develop, including the capacity for professionals to completely concentrate on
conveying value to firms (Bose et al., 2023). Nothing can replace the emotional
intelligence that humans bring to the workplace, and here is where the function of the
accounting professional comes into play (Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023). Accountants may
utilize their personality traits to turn superior information findings into more successful
accounting strategies and management.

Furthermore, technology will keep bolstering the profession's standing as a trustworthy

source of advice (Allioui, & Mourdi, 2023). In Malaysia, The Malaysian Institute of
Accountants (MIA) has reacted to a global request from the International Federation of
Accountants by preparing the fourth industrial revolution. The MIA Digital Technology
Blueprint guides accountants as they create digital technology action plans tailored to their
specific environments. In 2019, a survey on Preparing the Malaysian Accountancy
Profession for the Digital World was conducted. This survey was a follow-up survey that
was first conducted in 2017. Remarkably, the survey's findings indicate how successful
MIA's advocacy for the digital transformation of the industry has been. Specifically, 52%
and 36% of respondents, respectively, plan to use data analytics tools and AI in the next
three years. Ninety-three percent of those surveyed thought technology was crucial, and
ninety-two percent were either highly interested in accounting technology or wanted to
know more about it. These findings show that MIA has successfully promoted the
industry's digital transition.

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Accountants should vigorously address the impact of AI although it cannot absolutely

replace the accounting process. There are numerous processes in traditional accounting
profession, such as manual bookkeeping and accounting, that entail numerous intricate
sub-tasks. Currently, AI is being used to replace the repetitive duties that accountants often
perform (Bose et al., 2023). Routine tasks and manual accounting are vanishing because it
is automated by software (Larioui & Himran, 2023). However, the accountant is still
required to enter and manage the system (Kamau & Ilamoya, 2023). On the other hand,
the accounting sector is also concerned about the problems of a high unemployment rate
for entry-level accountants, an increased data breach problem, as well as increased
demand for financial and accounting practitioners (Kroon & do Céu Alves, 2023).

It is essential for accounting professionals to comprehend the implications of AI on their field

(Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023). Therefore, with the advancement of AI technology, it is crucial
for accountants to stay relevant and competitive. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the
impacts of AI on the accounting profession. Given the impact of AI technology on the
accounting process has drastically reduced the usage of the traditional accounting, this has
increased changes to the accountants’ roles. Therefore, the research questions pose in this
study is how does AI technology impacts accounting profession?

This paper is organized in the following ways. It begins with the literature review of AI on
accounting profession followed by research methodology. The following section is the
discussion about the impact of AI on the accounting profession. The last section will
conclude this paper.

2. Literature Review

2.1 Conceptual Review on Artificial Intelligence on Accounting Profession

In the field of accounting, artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the implementation of machine
learning, natural language processing, and robotic process automation to simplify accounting
processes (Schaudt, 2023). The concept of AI involves machines carrying out tasks that
typically require human intelligence in an AI strategy (Zhang et al., 2023). Al can be utilized
for various accounting tasks, including data entry, financial analysis, and fraud detection.
Automating these tasks with Al can save time, reduce errors, and provide valuable insights
for accountants to make informed decisions (Thakker & Japee, 2023). AI technology allows
accountants to allot their attention towards more complex activities that need human
cognitive abilities, while it can rationalize decision-making processes, save costs, and
improve overall efficiency. (Chua, 2013).

2.1.1 Financial Accounting

Financial accounting is a subfield of bookkeeping that deals with the recording, examination,
and disclosure of an extensive variety of business-related exchanges over the long run. The
process of creating financial statements, such as statement of financial position, statement of

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profit or loss and statement of cash flow, entails condensing transactions that occur during a
specific timeframe. Initially, financial accounting aimed to furnish information for facilitating
business decisions, but AI liberates accounting personnel from menial and repetitive tasks.
The financial robot follows the established procedures, while the financial staff only enters
data and completes the operation step by step. This leads to less "artificial" activity during a
financial accounting process, and it is also more likely that artificial accounting fraud will be
avoided (Kureljusic & Karger, 2023; Li et al., 2020). The productivity of the accounting field
can be enhanced through the implementation of AI technology.

The manual handling of intricate data in accounting tasks often consumes a significant
amount of accountants' time (Thakker & Jappee, 2023). In the realm of manual bookkeeping,
accountants meticulously record financial transactions, ensuring the accuracy and
completeness of entries. This process involves the classification of revenues and expenses,
the reconciliation of accounts, and the recording of debits and credits, all of which are
fundamental to maintaining precise financial records. Accounting tasks, too, entail a
multitude of intricacies. Accountants are responsible for the preparation of financial
statements, which involves adjusting journal entries, reconciling balance sheets, and creating
income statements. Each of these activities demands a high level of precision and a thorough
understanding of accounting principles (Zhang et al., 2023). Furthermore, the creation of
statistical summaries involves the compilation and analysis of financial data to generate
reports that aid in decision-making. This includes calculating various financial ratios,
assessing trends, and identifying key performance indicators, all of which require a
meticulous examination of the data.

The aforementioned traditional accounting tasks are taxing and repetitive. This is where the
introduction of AI can be truly transformative. AI technologies, including machine learning
and automation, can handle the routine and repetitive aspects of accounting tasks with speed
and precision (Zhang et al., 2023). By automating these routine processes, AI reduces the
potential for errors and frees accountants from the drudgery of manual data entry and
repetitive tasks (Peng et al., 2023). This, in turn, frees up their time and cognitive resources to
focus on higher-value activities. With AI taking care of the routine, time-consuming tasks,
accountants can dedicate more of their efforts to data analysis, strategic planning, and
providing insightful information to stakeholders. In this way, AI empowers accountants to
contribute more strategically to their organizations, leveraging their expertise to drive better
decision-making, improved financial management, and enhanced business performance. This
shift in focus from mundane tasks to strategic and value-added activities is where the true
transformative impact of AI in the accounting profession lies.

2.1.2 Management Accounting

Management accounting centres around supplying management with data on operational

business indicators, specifically related to labour and product costs (Zhang et al., 2023).
Budgets are frequently employed to quantify decisions made during operational planning,
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while performance reports highlight the variances between expected and actual results. The
integration of AI technology presents a distinct advantage for management accountants who
possess the skills to interpret and derive valuable insights from data (Bose et al., 2023). With
the help of AI, management accountants can utilise sophisticated analytical tools and
techniques to significantly improve their evaluation of corporate performance (Appelbaum et
al., 2017). AI can process enormous amounts of financial and operational data at remarkable
speeds, enabling more in-depth and real-time insights into a company's financial health and
operational effectiveness which can help managers make better decisions. Moreover, AI can
automate mundane and repetitive duties such as data entry and reconciliation, allowing
management accountants to devote their time to more strategic and value-added activities. By
leveraging AI, management accountants can play a pivotal role in assisting businesses in
making data-driven decisions, optimising financial processes, and achieving overall business
success (Bose et al., 2023). However, the importance of human judgement in
decision-making should be attached as a helping tool rather than as a replacement for human
decision-making (Vărzaru, 2022).

2.1.3 Auditing

An auditor is a professional who conducts an independent examination of financial

statements to ensure their accuracy and compliance with relevant laws and regulations
(Manap et al.,2023). There are two main types of auditors: internal auditors and external
auditors. They protect businesses from fraud, point out discrepancies in accounting practices,
and sometimes act as consultants to help businesses figure out how to make operations run
more smoothly.

Auditors play a variety of roles in a variety of industries. There are four categories for the
various AI applications, and there are also four categories for the technology's current level of
intelligence. The applications are examining numbers, handle words and pictures, perform
automated tasks, and performing real endeavors. For example, AI can be used to analyze
financial data, perform calculations, and identify irregularities or patterns that might indicate
material misstatements or errors in financial statements. In addition, AI can automate routine
and repetitive tasks in the auditing process, such as data entry, data validation, and basic
compliance checks. This automation can improve efficiency and reduce the risk of human
error. As for the auditors, they need to interpret and validate AI-generated results (Aitkazivov,
2023).

The various levels of intelligence are categorised as self-aware intelligence, repetitive task
automation, context awareness and learning, and human support. For the self-aware
intelligence, AI systems to some degree has self-awareness and can adapt to changing
circumstances (Zhang et al., 2023). While AI true self-awareness is not yet achieved, AI
systems can be designed to make some adaptive decisions. Besides, none of the artificial
intelligence applications have yet reached the level of mindful insight. However, a significant
portion of the tasks associated with bookkeeping and reviewing can be completed using the
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other three levels of knowledge. Therefore, auditors still have to play a critical role in
interpreting and validating the results generated by AI systems to avoid biases of AI systems
when using them in their work (Landers & Behrend, 2023).

3. Methodology

This section will discover the process of obtaining articles relating to artificial intelligence
and accounting. By undertaking a comprehensive study, a systematic procedure is determined
to thoroughly select relevant articles. This study aims to examine the impact of artificial
intelligence on the accounting profession. The main approach used to find relevant
publications was using the extensive Scopus database. Due to its vast collection of scientific
literature and reputation for providing reliable academic papers, we chose the Scopus
database as the optimal basis for our review-based study.

3.1 Article Review Process

3.1.1 Identification

The process of assessing the paper included four discrete stages. The review process was
conducted in December 2022. In the first stage, the search words, and phrases to be used
were determined. The chosen keywords are similar and linked to the fields of artificial
intelligence and accounting. To begin, we used keywords in combination with the Boolean
operator. The specified keywords were "artificial intelligence" and "accounting profession".
We used the article's title, abstract, and keywords as the search parameters. A total of 60
publications were obtained from the first search.

3.1.2 Screening

In the screening process, the eligibility and exclusion criteria were determined. We limit the
search to only 1) article type of document, 2) English language, 3) journal type of sources, 4)
final publication stage, and 5) all open access journal. In terms of year range, all publications
were selected. From the search, the first related article appeared in 2019, therefore, the
timeline of the articles is between 2019 and 2023, in which, the time span is 5 years. After the
screening process, the search yielded to 12 papers.

3.1.3 Eligibility

After the screening process, the third process was eligibility, whereby we manually evaluated
and selected the retrieved articles that fulfilled the criteria. This process was done by reading
the title and abstract of the articles. This process excluded three articles which was in the area
of accounting education and drone technology. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were as
stated in Table 1. Thus, nine articles were selected for the final stage.

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Table 1. The inclusion and exclusion criteria

Criterion Eligibility Exclusion

Document Type Article Review

Language English Non-English

Sources Type Journal Book, Book Series,

Conference Proceeding

Publication Stage Final Article in Press

Open Access Open Access Non-Open Access

4. Results and Discussion

4.1 Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on the Accounting Profession

4.1.1 Automation of Routine Tasks

Over the past few decades, accounting tasks have become increasingly automated, with
software taking over many of the routine tasks that accountants previously handled. The four
largest accounting firms are anticipated to head the accounting and auditing industry's AI
implementation revolution (Han et al., 2023; Handoko et al., 2019).

Data Entry, Validation and Transaction Processing

In conventional accounting roles, employees are responsible for tasks such as maintaining
accounting books, creating accounting vouchers, and preparing financial statements
(Khawaja & Hamdan, 2023). However, this traditional approach is time-consuming,
expensive, and inefficient, as it requires close monitoring of every step in the accounting
process and consumes significant resources. Prior to the advent of computerized systems, this
task was performed manually using paper-based records. However, with the advancement of
technology, many organisations have now shifted towards electronic accounting systems.
These systems automate the process of registering accounting books, reducing the time and
effort required for data entry and improving accuracy (Allioui, & Mourdi, 2023).

Traditionally, tasks do not get done on a set schedule, so people have to stay late even if they
get done on time. Automating routine and repetitive accounting operations like data entry,
invoice processing, and bank reconciliations can be accomplished with the help of artificial
intelligence (AI). This automation reduces the time and effort needed to do these processes
manually, improving productivity and enabling accountants to focus on activities that

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contribute more to the company's bottom line. For example, advancements in accounting
software have simplified this task significantly. With the use of integrated accounting systems,
accountants can now generate financial statements automatically by extracting data from
various modules such as the general ledger, accounts payable, and accounts receivable
(Jalonen, 2023).

4.1.2 Enhanced Data Analysis

Predictive Analytics

With the help of AI, accountants may enhance their predictive analytics. Accountants may
derive valuable insights from mountains of financial data to better guide business strategy.
Human analysts may not quickly notice patterns, correlations, or anomalies, but AI
algorithms can discover them by analyzing historical data, current market movements, and
other relevant factors (Vasuki et al., 2023). With this information, accountants may assess a
company's financial standing, measure its progress against benchmarks, and discover issues
or opportunities for growth, which can increase the efficacy of accounting tasks.
Consequently, this has several advantages, such as facilitating goal attainment via data-driven
decision-making, learning about the organisation's performance via data analytics, and
drastically cutting down on mundane, time-consuming tasks (Sutton et. al., 2016).

AI can provide strategic insight through systems that can generate accurate and
comprehensive financial reports, eliminating the need for manual compilation and
consolidation of data. This streamlines the reporting process and ensures consistency in
reporting formats. In addition, AI-powered systems can quickly analyse large volumes of
financial data and generate insights in a fraction of the time it would take for manual analysis.
This expedites extracting valuable information from financial data, allowing accountants to
focus on other critical tasks (Leitner-Hanetseder et al., 2021). Implementing data-driven
decision-making may result in a productivity improvement of between 5 and 6 percent,
depending on the industry (Payton & Claypoole, 2023).

Moving to forecasting capabilities, AI uses historical data and advanced analytics to improve
accuracy (Zhang et al., 2023). AI algorithms can construct predictive models from data trends,
seasonality, and other patterns. These models help accountants predict sales revenue, cash
flow, expenses, and profitability. AI-powered forecasting might include market indicators,
economic data, and industry trends to improve accuracy. This helps accountants make
resource allocation, budgeting, investing, and risk management decisions. As a result of
extensive research and development, artificial intelligence applications have come a long way
in recent years. There has been a rise in the usage of AI in business in recent years (Igou et al.,
2023). AI is superior to humans at analysing data and making decisions to predict future
trends (Battina, 2018). Therefore, aiding clients in predicting their financial health is crucial
to a company's ability. By using AI in the system, it enables the company to offer clients
detailed and precise insights without the typical manual effort and data analysis needed for

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report generation (Bharadiya, 2023). A company can benefit daily from more vital, mutually
beneficial relationships with its consumers if they can easily access up-to-date reports and
projections.

The accounting industry greatly benefits from the strategic insights and forecasting
capabilities brought about by the widespread adoption of AI technology (Zhang et al., 2023).
As a result, these developments benefit business performance by facilitating higher-quality
decision-making, more accurate financial forecasts, and enhanced strategic planning.

Decision Support

The capabilities of AI hold great promise in revolutionizing decision-making methods,

offering precise and timely data (Aldoseri et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023; Handoko et al.,
2019). This has the potential to expedite and optimize the decision-making process, leading
to improved overall performance within businesses. Notably, accountants can utilize AI to
make more educated decisions, as it eliminates the influence of personal biases and restricted
experience (Zhang et al., 2023). Unlike human judgment, AI algorithms are programmed to
base decisions on unbiased criteria and past data (Rodgers et al., 2023). In short, AI can help
accountants improve the efficiency of the work that needs to be done (Moll & Yigitbasioglu,
2019). By leveraging AI technology, automation will free accountants from repetitive tasks.
Thus, accountants can focus more on higher-level tasks, enhancing enhanced
decision-making and increasing overall company performance.

4.1.3 The Value-Added of Professional Roles

Scalability and cost savings

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally altered the functioning of businesses,
including the accounting profession (Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023). Accounting has become
more successful and productive as a result of AI's impact on scalability and cost savings. The
capacity of a system to handle an increasing amount of work or growth is referred to as
scalability. AI has significantly improved the scalability of the accounting profession by
automating repetitive tasks such as data entry, reconciliations, and financial reporting. Hence,
this might be helpful in ensuring that the records of the company's finances are correct and up
to date. A comprehensive quantitative data analysis was conducted to measure the tangible
impact of AI on scalability and cost savings in accounting practices (Allioui & Mourdi, 2023;
Jankovic & Curovic, 2023). The analysis involved tracking key performance metrics,
including the speed of task completion, error rates, and overall efficiency. The results
underscored a substantial increase in scalability, with AI-driven automation significantly
reducing the time and effort traditionally required for routine accounting tasks (Allioui &
Mourdi, 2023).

AI is the development of computer algorithms that can replicate human behavior using prior
knowledge without human input (Belgaum et al., 2021). Due to current technology, it has

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enabled accountants to focus on more complex tasks such as analysis and decision-making.
Before AI, it was hard for accountants to handle big amounts of data in real-time by hand.
Now, however, they can. The quantitative data not only supports the claim that AI has
enhanced scalability within the accounting profession but also provides empirical evidence of
the efficiency gains and cost savings achieved through the adoption of AI technologies
(Jackson & Allen, 2023). These findings underscore the pivotal role of AI in reshaping the
landscape of accounting, unlocking new levels of efficiency, and enabling accountants to
navigate the complexities of modern business with unprecedented agility and accuracy.

AI in finance is projected to give financial organisations a competitive edge by reducing costs,

boosting productivity, and improving customer service (Bose et al., 2023; OECD, 2021). Past
studies have conducted comprehensive quantitative data analyses, encompassing key
financial metrics and operational indicators (Allioui & Mourdi, 2023). The analyses revealed
a marked reduction in operational costs attributed to the implementation of AI technologies.
For example, financial organizations experienced a significant decrease in overhead costs,
particularly in the accounting sector, as AI made it possible for firms to handle an expanded
client base without the need to proportionally increase their workforce. Furthermore, AI has
made it possible for accounting firms to handle more clients without necessarily increasing
their workforce, thereby reducing overhead costs. Next, AI has a tremendous impact on the
accounting profession's ability to save money. AI has reduced accounting sector concerns
including erroneous data, poor timeliness, high mistake rates, and excessive human resources
expenses (Bose et al., 2023). Businesses may lessen their reliance on human labour, which
can be both time-consuming and expensive. This is because AI can automate jobs that
involve repeated motions. This automation has also decreased the chance of errors that can
arise during the human entering of data. If there is an error, additional costs will be incurred
to remedy it.

Additionally, AI-powered software can assist organisations with distinguishing regions where
they can reduce expenses and further develop effectiveness, bringing about tremendous
investment funds. For example, AI can be used to improve supply lines by finding better
ways to move things or by negotiating with suppliers for better prices. This can help
businesses cut costs in a big way. To conclude, by using AI technology in the accounting
profession, it can help in scalability and reduce cost in businesses.

Focus on higher value activities.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the world of accounting, bringing
about monumental changes in the profession (Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023; Handoko et al.,
2019). In the past decade, AI has made tremendous strides and marked significant progress.
Essentially, AI is defined as a system's ability to comprehend and effectively utilize external
data, leveraging learned information to achieve specific goals by making flexible adaptations
(Dwivedi et al., 2021). Through machine or deep learning, AI has a distinctive edge in
providing superior information, ultimately leading to more reliable and meticulous
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accounting data (Zhang et al., 2023). With accounting processes becoming more automated
and less time consuming, accountants are becoming more engaged with their clients and
expanding their consulting services in everyday business operations (Khawaja & Hamdan,
2023). This will facilitate the real-time analysis of a huge volume of unstructured data by
providing actionable, predictive insights. AI allows accounting profession to enhance their
productivity, for example by concentrating on critical thinking, problem-solving, innovation,
and decision-making processes that require human judgment and expertise (Cai, 2022).
Accountants can utilize AI to assess, track, and improve their clients' businesses before a
transaction takes place (Parsons, 2018).

Accountants possess a wealth of knowledge that enables them to contribute significantly to

their work and the organizations they serve (Moll & Yigitbasioglu, 2019). Their abilities
extend far beyond simple number-crunching, as they are equipped to provide comprehensive
financial guidance to their clients (Thakker & Japee, 2023). This may include helping clients
gain a deeper understanding of their business's financial well-being, identifying areas for
growth, and offering valuable strategic advice. By expanding the scope of their services,
accountants can establish themselves as reliable and knowledgeable advisors to their
customers. This might include financial planning, tax optimization, or even business
consulting. Offering a broader spectrum of services can strengthen the accountant-client
relationship. Additionally, by integrating AI into the accountants’ work can enhance their
capabilities (Moll & Yigitbasioglu, 2019; (Zhang et al., 2023). AI can assist in data analysis,
automation of routine tasks, and providing relevant data for decision-making. This can lead to
increased efficiency and a reduction in the risk of errors (Jackson et al., 2023).

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study (Source: Author)

5. Conclusion

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important, specifically

in the field of accounting. Many accounting software solutions leverage AI for automating

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routine tasks, such as data entry and reconciliation. For example, companies using AI-driven
accounting platforms have reported significant reductions in processing time and a decrease
in error rates compared to traditional methods. AI tools enable accountants to analyze vast
amounts of financial data quickly and accurately, providing valuable insights for strategic
decision-making. For example, businesses employing AI for financial analysis can identify
trends, forecast future performance, and make informed decisions regarding resource
allocation and investment strategies.

Therefore, technology is an absolute necessity for companies to implement, especially when

they plan to remain in business over the long run. Reports from industry analysts highlight
the increasing adoption of AI in accounting and the broader business landscape (Zhang et al.,
2023). Surveys conducted among accounting professionals in industry and academia reveal a
growing awareness of the benefits of AI and a willingness to invest in technology to stay
competitive (Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023). There is, so far, not yet another technology that
can equal the productivity, velocity, and precision of AI. It is important for accountants to
participate in order to make the most of the technology in terms of both their professional
output and its utility (Boritz & Stratopoulos, 2023). Those who work in accounting need to
keep up with the latest technological developments and remain vigilant regarding any
changes (Moll & Yigitbasioglu, 2019). This will be an extremely beneficial accounting
procedure for their customers as a result of the use of AI. The performance of businesses also
benefits from the implementation of AI.

However, there is a lot of disagreement about how AI will affect the accounting profession
such as financial accountant, management accountant and auditor. They worry that AI could
make their jobs useless, but others think that technology could help change the accounting
business for the better (Zhang et al., 2023). AI can handle routine tasks like data entry,
invoice handling, bank reconciliation, and tax calculations, so accountants can spend more
time on tasks that are more important. AI can also make it easier to examine data, but people
still need to think about the results and choose the best course of action. AI can help improve
the way data is analysed. In addition, accounting tasks that require deliberate thinking,
in-depth study, and human opinion are less likely to be done by machines than other
accounting tasks (Zhang et al., 2023). In general, it is expected that AI will change the
accounting field by automating regular and repetitive tasks and raising accountants' status in
areas that require more strategic thought, analysis, and human opinion (Zhang et al., 2023).

This study is not without its limitations. First, while literature reviews are crucial, there is a
potential bias in the sources we chosen as we only utilized SCOPUS as the platform to search
for the literature. Secondly, this study relies heavily on published articles. Considering these
limitations, future research could employ other databases, such as Web of Science, Science
Direct and Elsevier to further extend the findings of this study.

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Acknowledgments

Not applicable.

Authors contributions

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Competing interests

Not applicable.

Informed consent

Obtained.

Ethics approval

The Publication Ethics Committee of the Macrothink Institute.

The journal’s policies adhere to the Core Practices established by the Committee on
Publication Ethics (COPE).

Provenance and peer review

Not commissioned; externally double-blind peer reviewed.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the
corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical
restrictions.

Data sharing statement

No additional data are available.

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