FLUID MECHANICS – Reviewer for Finals

1. What do you call the pressure which the fluid exerts on an immersed object or container
walls?
A. Normal pressure
B. Standard liquid pressure
C. Hydrostatic pressure
D. Gage pressure

2. Viscosity for a fluid is define as the constant of proportionally between shear stress and
what other variable?
A. The spatial derivative of velocity
B. The time derivative of pressure
C. The time derivative of density
D. The spatial derivative of density

3. What is the classification of the fluid flow if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers and the paths of the individual particles do not cross each other?
A. Steady flow
B. Laminar flow
C. Uniform flow
D. Turbulent flow

4. Which of the following refers to the measure of fluid’s sensitivity to changes in viscosity
with changes in temperature?
A. Viscosity index
B. Coefficient viscosity
C. Viscosity ratio
D. Viscosity factor

5. If the Mach number is greater than 1 but lesser than 5, what is the standard
classification of the travel?
A. Transonic travel
B. Subsonic travel
C. Hypersonic travel
D. Supersonic travel
6. What is measured by a Pitot tube?
A. Volumetric discharge
B. Mass flow
C. Pressure
D. Velocity

7. Which of the following statements characterized the laminar flow?

I. The velocity is zero at the pipe wall
II. The velocity is minimum at the center
III. The velocity distribution is circular
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, II, and III

8. In tubes having very small diameters, liquids are observed to rise or fall relative to the
level of the surrounding liquid. What do you call this phenomenon?
A. Fluidity
B. Capillarity
C. Surface tension
D. Viscosity

9. The continuity equation of fluid flow is applicable to which following conditions?

I. The flow of fluid is one dimensional
II. The flow of fluid is steady
III. The velocity of the flow is uniform over the cross section
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

10. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Steady flow do not change with time at any point
B. Bernoulli’s equation only holds on the same streamline
C. The Reynolds number is the ratio of the viscous force to the inertial force
D. For a fluid at rest, the pressure is equal in all directions
11. Which of the following describes the continuity equation of an ideal fluid flow?
I. The net rate or flow into any small volume must be zero
II. The energy remains constant along the streamline
III. The energy is constant anywhere in the fluid
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. III only
D. I, II and III

12. On a stationary floating object, the buoyant force acts upward through the centroid of
the displaced volume. What do you call this centroid?
A. Center of pressure
B. Center of volume
C. Center of buoyancy
D. Center of mass

13. In an orifice, what do you call the product of the coefficients of velocity and
contraction?
A. Effective head
B. Theoretical discharge
C. Vena contracta
D. Coefficient of discharge

14. This principle states that where the velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low, and
where the velocity is low, the pressure is high. Which one?
A. Bernoulli’s principle
B. Stoke’s principle
C. Archimedes principle
D. Torricelli’s principle

15. If the water of a turbine moves along the vanes towards the axis of rotation of the
runner, what is the classification of the said turbine?
A. Radial flow turbine
B. Mixed flow turbine
C. Axial flow turbine
D. Parallel flow turbine
16. Viscosities can change with time assuming all other conditions to be constant. If the
viscosities increases with time up to a finite value how do you call the fluid?
A. Pseudo plastic fluid
B. Colloidal fluid
C. Rheopectic fluid
D. Thixotropic fluid

17. The negative sign for gage reading is called

A. Transmission of pressure
B. Vapor pressure
C. Vacuum pressure
D. Pressure head

18. What do you call the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid?
A. Specific volume
B. Density
C. Specific gravity
D. Specific weight

19. This type of turbine has the water entering the runner possessing kinetic energy as well
as pressure. Which one?
I. Reaction type
II. Impulse type
III. Propeller type
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I, II and III

20. Which of the following fluids exhibit viscosities that increases with increasing agitation
but they return rapidly to their normal viscosity after the agitation ceases?
A. Bingham fluids
B. Newtonian fluids
C. Dilatant fluids
D. Pseudo plastic fluids
21. In hydraulic machines, what is the head required to overcome resistance to flow in pipe,
fittings, valves entrances and exits?

A. Velocity head
B. Static suction head
C. Friction head
D. Static discharge head

22. What device is used to protect the pipe line from bursting due to pressure rise when the
water in the pipe line is brought to rest?

A. Surge tank
B. Check valve
C. Sluice gate
D. Float

23. According to Archimedes’ principle, the buoyant force on a submerge object is equal to
which of the following?

A. Weight of the fluid not being displaced

B. Weight of the displaced fluid
C. Weight of the object above the fluid surface
D. Weight of the fluid displaced and the total weight of the object

24. Which of the following refers to the measure of the fluid’s resistance to flow when
acted upon by an external force?

A. Specific gravity
B. Specific volume
C. Coefficient of resistance
D. Viscosity
25. What do you call the input power delivered by the motor to the pump?

A. Nameplate power
B. Brake horsepower
C. Hydraulic power
D. Effective power

26. If one end of the manometer opens to the air, what do you call this manometer?

A. Continuous manometer
B. Open manometer
C. Free end manometer
D. Differential manometer

27. An instrument use to measure small pressure.

A. Venturi
B. Orifice
C. Aneroid
D. Manometer

28. Which of the following ratios describes Reynolds number?

A. Inertial forces/ Viscous forces

B. Drag forces/ Buoyant forces
C. Buoyant forces/ Inertial forces
D. Viscous forces/ Drag forces

29. The following valves are used for shut-off services. Which is NOT included?

A. Gate valve
B. Plug cock
C. Ball valve
D. Butterfly valve
30. Which of the following statements id TRUE about a fluid?

A. It has a very regular molecular structure

B. It is a liquid only
C. It cannot sustain a sheer force at rest
D. It can stain

31. The speed at which the fluid escapes from a container through an orifice is described by
which of the following theorems?

A. Ptolemy’s theorem
B. Bernoulli’s theorem
C. Torricelli’s theorem
D. Archimedes theorem

32. What do you call the vertical distance above the centerline of the pump inlet to the free
level of the fluid source?

A. Static suction head

B. Static discharge head
C. Velocity head
D. Friction head

33. Which of the following is an example of a Newtonian fluid?

A. Motor oils
B. Gas
C. Paints
D. Clay slurries

34. An instrument which is used to determine the specific gravity of a substance?

A. Hydrometer
B. Throttling calorimeter
C. Odometer
D. None of these
35. A mass of fluid at a high elevation will have more energy than an identical mass of fluid
at a lower elevation. What do you call their energy difference?

A. Stagnation energy
B. Potential energy
C. Pressure energy
D. Hydrostatic energy

36. The following are the basic components of a fluid element in motion. Which one is NOT
included?

A. Translation
B. Twist
C. Rotation
D. Volume distortion

37. What is the ratio of the object’s speed to the speed of sound in the medium through
which it is travelling?

A. Subsonic travel
B. Hypersonic travel
C. Decibel
D. Mach number

38. In an orifice, what is the ratio of the area of the vena contracta to the orifice area?

A. Torricelli’s coefficient
B. Coefficient of velocity
C. Coefficient of contraction
D. Coefficient of discharge
39. Which of the following fluid flow is characterized by erratic, small whirlpool- like circles?

A. Steady flow
B. Laminar flow
C. Uniform flow
D. Turbulent flow

40. If the Reynolds number is less than 2100, what is the classification of the fluid flow?

A. Laminar flow
B. Critical flow
C. Turbulent flow
D. Uniform flow

41. Which of the following turbines are generally employed where the available head is
small, typically below 600 to 800 ft?

A. Reaction turbine
B. Propeller type turbine
C. Francis turbine
D. Impulse turbine

42. Which of the following is assumed in Bernoulli’s equation?

I. There is no fluid friction
II. The fluid is incompressible
III. Changes in thermal energy are negligible
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. I, II and III

43. A hydro meter scale for measuring the relative density (specific gravity) of liquids.
A. Beckman scale
B. Baume scale
C. Beaufort scale
D. Buckley scale
44. After the water passes through the turbine in a hydroelectric plant, it is discharge
through the draft tube to the receiving reservoir. What do you call this reservoir?
A. Forebay
B. Tailwater
C. Exhaust water
D. Headwater

45. It refers to the fractional change in the volume of a fluid per unit change in pressure in a
constant temperature process. Which one?
A. Proportional unit
B. Bulk modulus
C. Compressibility
D. Capillarity

46. Which of the following refers to velocity head?

A. Pressure head
B. Friction head
C. Energy head
D. Flow head

47. This law states that the pressure applied at any point of a confined fluid is transmitted
equality to all other points. What law is this?
A. Newton’s law
B. Boyle’s law
C. Pascal’s law
D. Charles’s law

48. In a floating object, what do you call the distance between the center of gravity and the
metacenter?
A. Metacenteric height
B. Metacentric head
C. Buoyancy height
D. Submerged height
49. If the Mach number is lesser than 1. What is the standard classification of the travel?
A. Supersonic travel
B. Transonic travel
C. Subsonic travel
D. Hypersonic travel

50. When a fluid flows through a pipe of cross sectional area A and a velocity V, th flow or
discharge is
A. AV2
B. AV
C. A2V
D. A2/2V

51. What is a check valve?

A. a valve used to check the pressure of fluid
B. a valve that allows the fluid to flow in either direction
C. a valve designed to release the express pressure
D. a valve designed to allow the fluid to flow in one direction only

52. This tube is bent or curved and carries fluid from one container at a high elevation to
another container at a lower elevation. Which one?
A. Siphon
B. Impact tube
C. Pitot tube
D. Venture tube

53. In the operation of this pump, liquid flowing into the suction side is captured by the
impeller and thrown to the outside of the pump casing what is this pump called?
A. Ejector pump
B. Centrifugal pump
C. Jet pump
D. Power pump
54. What do you call the travel in transition region between subsonic and supersonic
travels?
A. Shock wave
B. Transonic travel
C. Sonic boom
D. Hypersonic travel

55. What is the classification of the fluid it any instant of time the number of particles
passing every cross section of the stream is the same?
A. Steady flow
B. Continuous flow
C. Uniform flow
D. Dynamic flow

56. What is the reciprocal of absolute viscosity?

A. Viscosity gradient
B. Compressibility
C. Fluidity
D. Viscosity index

57. The following statements must be satisfied by the flow of any fluid. Which one is NOT
included?
A. Newton’s second law of motion
B. The principle of conservation of energy
C. Newton’s law of viscosity
D. The continuity equation

58. What do you call the volume of fluid passing a cross section of stream per unit of time?
A. Steady flow
B. Continuous flow
C. Discharge
D. Specific volume
59. Which of the following fluids exhibit viscosities that decrease with an increasing velocity
gradient?
A. Dilatant fluids
B. Pseudoplastic fluids
C. Bingham fluids
D. Newtonian fluids

60. What do you call the pressure measured with respect to a true zero pressure reference?
A. Atmospheric pressure
B. Gage pressure
C. Absolute pressure
D. Meter pressure

61. Which of the following statements is TRUE about opinion?

I. Operation of siphon is essentially independent of atmospheric pressure
II. The ideal discharge is the same
III. Starting a siphon requires the tube to be completely filled with liquid
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. III only
D. I, II and III

62. Viscosities can change with time assuming all other conditions to be constant. If
viscosities decrease with time, what do you call the fluid?
A. Psuedoplstic fluid
B. Colloidal fluid
C. Rheopectic fluid
D. Thixotropic fluid

63. What is the name of the pipe that conducts water to the turbine in a hydroelectric
plant?
A. Tailrace
B. Forebay
C. Penstock
D. Runner
64. What do you call the manometer if both ends are connected to pressure sources?
A. Open manometer
B. Differential manometer
C. Cumulative manometer
D. Distributive manometer

65. If the water of a turbine flows parallel towards the axis of rotation from the runner,
what is classification of the said turbine?
A. Radial flow turbine
B. Mixed flow turbine
C. Axial flow turbine
D. Inward flow turbine

66. Which of the following adds energy to the fluid flowing through it?
A. Pipe
B. Pump
C. Sink
D. Turbine

67. Which of the following statements describes the fluid, if the shear stress of the fluid
varies linearly with the velocity gradient?
A. It is a Newtonian fluid
B. It has a constant temperature
C. It has a constant viscosity
D. All of these

68. Which of the following is a dimensionless ratio of a fluid’s density to some standard
reference density?
A. Specific weight
B. Specific gravity
C. Specific volume
D. Coefficient of resistance
69. Summation of all heads in another section
A. Boyle’s law
B. Bernoulli’s principle
C. Archimedes principle
D. Torricelli’s principle

70. Which of the following refers to a water path usually a large diameter pipe used to
channel water around or through an obstructing feature?
A. Siphon
B. Reservoir
C. Culvert
D. Canal

71. Poise is a unit of viscosity derived from which of the following?

A. Dyne-second per square centimeter

B. Pound-second per square foot
C. Slugs-second per square foot
D. Gram-second per square

72. What is the velocity of a fluid particle at the center of the pipe?

A. Minimum
B. Maximum
C. Between minimum and maximum
D. Zero

73. It refers to the weight of the fluid per unit volume. Which one?

A. Absolute weight
B. Mass
C. Specific weight
D. Gravitational acceleration
74. Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow is based on which of the following principles?

A. Conservation of mass
B. Conservation of energy
C. Newton’s second law of motion
D. Continuity equation

75. Which of the following is NOT a reaction turbine?

A. Francis turbine
B. Thomson turbine
C. Pelton wheel turbine
D. Kaplan turbine

76. Which of the following is an empirical factor that accounts for the friction and
turbulence at the orifice?

A. Coefficient of friction
B. Coefficient of contraction
C. Coefficient of velocity
D. Coefficient of discharge

77. What do you call the difference between the brake and hydraulic powers in a pump?

A. Friction power
B. Discharge power
C. Suction power
D. Water power

78. How do you classify liquids that vaporize easily?

A. Ideal liquid
B. Saturated liquid
C. Volatile liquid
D. Osmotic liquid
79. A load from the faucet comes out in separate drops. Which of the following is the main
cause of this phenomenon?

A. Gravity
B. Viscosity of the liquid
C. Surface tension
D. Air tension

80. Which of the following is a force multiplying device using pressurized fluid?

A. Differential manometer
B. Pneumatic relay
C. Plunger
D. Hydraulic ram

81. This turbine consists of a rotating shaft called turbine runner on which buckets or blades
are mounted. What is the name of this turbine?

A. Impulse turbine
B. Reaction turbine
C. Axial flow turbine
D. Francis turbine

82. The following valves are used for throttle services. Which one is NOT included?

A. Angle valve
B. Globe valve
C. Check valve
D. Butterfly valve

83. Which of the following principles state that pressure applied to a confined fluid
increases the pressure throughout by the same amount?

A. Archimedes’ principle
B. Bernoulli’s principle
C. Pascal’s principle
D. Torricelli’s principle
84. If the Mach number is greater than 5, what is the standard classification of the travel?

A. Supersonic travel
B. Transonic travel
C. Subsonic travel
D. Hypersonic travel

85. Total energy in a compressible or incompressible fluid flowing across any section in a
pipeline is a function of

A. Pressure and velocity

B. Flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum and internal energy
C. Pressure, density and velocity
D. Pressure, velocity, density and velocity

86. To determine the frictional energy loss for fluids experiencing laminar flow, this
equation is used. Which one?

A. Darcy equation
B. Hazen-Williams equation
C. Maxwell’s equation
D. Bernoulli’s equation

87. Which of the following is TRUE about shear stress in a moving fluid?
I. It is proportional to the fluid density
II. It is proportional to the velocity gradient at the point of interest
III. It is proportional to the square of the volumetric flow

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, II and III
88. In an orifice, what is the ratio of the actual velocity of discharge to the theoretical
velocity of discharge?

A. Velocity factor
B. Coefficient of utilization
C. Coefficient of discharge
D. Coefficient of velocity

89. If the Reynolds number is less than 4000, what is the classification of the fluid flow?

A. Laminar flow
B. Critical flow
C. Turbulent flow
D. Uniform flow

90. What do you call the vertical distance above the centerline of the pump inlet to the
point of free discharge level of the discharge tank?

A. Velocity head
B. Elevation head
C. Static suction head
D. Static discharge head

91. Which of the following devices is used for measuring the absolute pressure of the
atmosphere?

A. Venturi tube
B. Barometer
C. Bolometer
D. Manometer

92. For partially submerged objects to be stable, where does the metacenter be located?

A. Above the center of gravity

B. Below the center of gravity
C. To the left of the center of gravity
D. To the right of the center of gravity
93. A mass of fluid at a higher pressure will have more energy than an identical mass of fluid
at a lower pressure. What do you call their energy difference?

A. Energy gap
B. Energy drop
C. Hydrostatic energy
D. Pressure energy

94. What is referred to as friction within a fluid that prevents the fluid from flowing freely?

A. Fluidity
B. Adhesion
C. Viscosity
D. Gradient

95. If the water of a turbine enters radially inward at the inlet and is discharges at the outlet
in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner, what is the classification of
the said turbine?

A. Radial flow turbine

B. Mixed flow turbine
C. Axial flow turbine
D. Inward flow turbine

96. Which of the following turbines are generally employed where the available head is very
high, typically above 800 to 1600 ft?

A. Reaction turbine
B. Propeller type turbine
C. Francis turbine
D. Impulse turbine
97. Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with the pressure and temperature and is defined as a
function of

A. Density and angular deformation rate

B. Density and shear stress
C. Shear stress and angular deformation rate
D. Density, shear stress and angular deformation rate

98. If the Reynolds number is between 2100 and 4000, what is the classification of the fluid
flow?

A. Laminar flow
B. Critical flow
C. Turbulent flow
D. Uniform flow

99. What do you call the power required to deliver a given quantity of fluid against a given
head with no losses in the pump?

A. Wheel power
B. Brake power
C. Hydraulic power
D. Specific power

100. The conservation of energy equation used in any fluid analysis is based on which
of the following laws?

A. First law of Thermodynamics

B. Second law of Thermodynamics
C. Newton’s second law of motion
D. Coulomb’s first law of electrostatics